Aerosol Formation and Transfer in Open- and Closed-Ended Heated Tobacco Products

1 Baker, R.R.: Temperature Distribution Inside a Burning Cigarette; Nature 247 (1974) 405–406. DOI: 10.1038/247405a0 BakerR.R. Temperature Distribution Inside a Burning Cigarette Nature 247 1974 405 406 10.1038/247405a0 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2 Baker, R.R.: Smoke Generation Inside a Burning Cigarette: Modifying Combustion to Develop Cigarettes that May be Less Hazardous to Health; Prog. Energ. Comb. 32 (2006) 373–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.01.001 BakerR.R. Smoke Generation Inside a Burning Cigarette: Modifying Combustion to Develop Cigarettes that May be Less Hazardous to Health Prog. Energ. Comb. 32 2006 373 385 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.01.001 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3 Baker, R.R.: Contributions to the Draw Resistance of a Burning Cigarette; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 124–131. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0367 BakerR.R. Contributions to the Draw Resistance of a Burning Cigarette Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 1975 124 131 10.2478/cttr-2013-0367 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4 Dwyer, R.: Predicting the Pressure Drops Across Cellulose Acetate Filters; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 13 (1986) 157–168. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0565 DwyerR. Predicting the Pressure Drops Across Cellulose Acetate Filters Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 13 1986 157 168 10.2478/cttr-2013-0565 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5 Dwyer, R. and P. Chen: Prediction of Pressure Drop and Ventilation in a Lit Cigarette; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 18 (1999) 205–211. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0684 DwyerR. ChenP. Prediction of Pressure Drop and Ventilation in a Lit Cigarette Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 18 1999 205 211 10.2478/cttr-2013-0684 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6 Dwyer, R., P. Chen, and R. Wasyk: A Mathematical Scheme for Calculating Flows and Pressure Drops in Lit and Unlit Cigarettes; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 19 (2001) 189–203. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0707 DwyerR. ChenP. WasykR. A Mathematical Scheme for Calculating Flows and Pressure Drops in Lit and Unlit Cigarettes Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 19 2001 189 203 10.2478/cttr-2013-0707 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7 Eitzinger, B.: On the Estimation of Permeabilities and Draw Resistances of Cigarette Components; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 21 (2004) 25–31. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0768 EitzingerB. On the Estimation of Permeabilities and Draw Resistances of Cigarette Components Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 21 2004 25 31 10.2478/cttr-2013-0768 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8 Eitzinger, B. and G. Ederer: The Use of Nonlinear Constitutive Equations to Evaluate Draw Resistance and Filter Ventilation; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 19 (2001) 177–188. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0706 EitzingerB. EdererG. The Use of Nonlinear Constitutive Equations to Evaluate Draw Resistance and Filter Ventilation Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 19 2001 177 188 10.2478/cttr-2013-0706 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9 Li, B., H.R. Pang, J. Xing, B. Wang, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, and J.P. Xie: Effect of Reduced Ignition Propensity Paper Bands on Cigarette Burning Temperatures; Thermochim. Acta 579 (2014) 93–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2014.01.011 LiB. PangH.R. XingJ. WangB. LiuC. McAdamK.G. XieJ.P. Effect of Reduced Ignition Propensity Paper Bands on Cigarette Burning Temperatures Thermochim. Acta 579 2014 93 99 10.1016/j.tca.2014.01.011 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10 Li, B., H.R. Pang, L.C. Zhao, B. Wang, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, and D.S. Luo: Quantifying Gas-Phase Temperature Inside a Burning Cigarette; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014) 7810–7820. DOI: 10.1021/ie5009822 LiB. PangH.R. ZhaoL.C. WangB. LiuC. McAdamK.G. LuoD.S. Quantifying Gas-Phase Temperature Inside a Burning Cigarette Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 2014 7810 7820 10.1021/ie5009822 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11 Li, B., L. Zhao, C. Yu, C. Liu, Y. Jing, H. Pang, B. Wang, and K.G. McAdam: Effect of Machine Smoking Intensity and Filter Ventilation Level on Gas-Phase Temperature Distribution Inside a Burning Cigarette; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 191–203. DOI: 10.1515/cttr-2015-0007 LiB. ZhaoL. YuC. LiuC. JingY. PangH. WangB. McAdamK.G. Effect of Machine Smoking Intensity and Filter Ventilation Level on Gas-Phase Temperature Distribution Inside a Burning Cigarette Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 2015 191 203 10.1515/cttr-2015-0007 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12 Cui, H., S. Ehlert, F. Xie, J. Heide, N. Deng, B. Li, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, A. Walte, and R. Zimmermann: Integration of Time and Spatially Resolved In-Situ Temperature and Pressure Measurements with Soft Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Inside a Burning Superslim Cigarette; J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol.135 (2018) 310–318. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.08.022 CuiH. EhlertS. XieF. HeideJ. DengN. LiB. LiuC. McAdamK.G. WalteA. ZimmermannR. Integration of Time and Spatially Resolved In-Situ Temperature and Pressure Measurements with Soft Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Inside a Burning Superslim Cigarette J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 135 2018 310 318 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.08.022 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13 Deng, N., S. Ehlert, H. Cui, F. Xie, J. Heide, B. Li, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, A. Walte, and R. Zimmermann: Integration of Time and Spatially Resolved In-Situ Temperature and Pressure Measurements With Soft Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Inside Burning Super-slim and King-Size Cigarettes; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 29 (2020) 44–54. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2020-0005 DengN. EhlertS. CuiH. XieF. HeideJ. LiB. LiuC. McAdamK.G. WalteA. ZimmermannR. Integration of Time and Spatially Resolved In-Situ Temperature and Pressure Measurements With Soft Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Inside Burning Super-slim and King-Size Cigarettes Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 29 2020 44 54 10.2478/cttr-2020-0005 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14 Hertz-Schuenemann, R., Ehlert, S., Streibel, T., Liu, C., McAdam, K., Baker, R.R., and Zimmermann, R.: High-Resolution Time and Spatial Imaging of Tobacco and its Pyrolysis Products During a Cigarette Puff by Microprobe Sampling Photoionisation Mass Spectrometry; Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407 (2015) 2293–2299. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8447-7 Hertz-SchuenemannR. EhlertS. StreibelT. LiuC. McAdamK. BakerR.R. ZimmermannR. High-Resolution Time and Spatial Imaging of Tobacco and its Pyrolysis Products During a Cigarette Puff by Microprobe Sampling Photoionisation Mass Spectrometry Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407 2015 2293 2299 10.1007/s00216-014-8447-7 25627787 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15 Zimmermann, R., Hertz-Schuenemann, S. Ehlert, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, R. Baker, and T. Streibel: Highly Time-Resolved Imaging of Combustion and Pyrolysis Product Concentrations in Solid Fuel Combustion: NO Formation in a Burning Cigarette; Anal. Chem. 87 (2015) 1711–1717. DOI: 10.1021/ac503512a ZimmermannR. Hertz-SchuenemannS. Ehlert LiuC. McAdamK.G. BakerR. StreibelT. Highly Time-Resolved Imaging of Combustion and Pyrolysis Product Concentrations in Solid Fuel Combustion: NO Formation in a Burning Cigarette Anal. Chem. 87 2015 1711 1717 10.1021/ac503512a 25582882 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16 Li, B., L.C. Zhao, L. Wang, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, and B. Wang: Gas-Phase Pressure and Flow Velocity Fields Inside a Burning Cigarette During a Puff; Thermochim. Acta 623 (2016) 22–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2015.11.006 LiB. ZhaoL.C. WangL. LiuC. McAdamK.G. WangB. Gas-Phase Pressure and Flow Velocity Fields Inside a Burning Cigarette During a Puff Thermochim. Acta 623 2016 22 28 10.1016/j.tca.2015.11.006 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17 Li, B., X. Cui, L. Zhao, L. Wang, G. Xie, and N. Deng: Pressure and Gas Flow Distribution Inside the Filter of a Non-Filter Ventilated Lit Cigarette During Puffing; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2017) 113–124. DOI: 10.1515/cttr-2017-001218 LiB. CuiX. ZhaoL. WangL. XieG. DengN. Pressure and Gas Flow Distribution Inside the Filter of a Non-Filter Ventilated Lit Cigarette During Puffing Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 2017 113 124 10.1515/cttr-2017-001218 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18 Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): Standardized Terminology and Recommendations for the Generation and Collection of Emissions (July 2020). Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/technical_documents/main/HTP-259-CTR_Std-Terminology-Recommendations-HTP-Emissions_July2020.pdf (accessed April 2, 2022) Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): Standardized Terminology and Recommendations for the Generation and Collection of Emissions (July 2020) Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/technical_documents/main/HTP-259-CTR_Std-Terminology-Recommendations-HTP-Emissions_July2020.pdf (accessed April 2, 2022) Search in Google Scholar

19 Caputi, T.L.: Industry Watch: Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products are About to Reach Their Boiling Point; Tob. Control 26 (2017) 609–610. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053264 CaputiT.L. Industry Watch: Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products are About to Reach Their Boiling Point Tob. Control 26 2017 609 610 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053264 27558827 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20 Caputi, T.L., Leas, E., Dredze, M., Cohen, J.E., and Ayers, J.W.: They’re Heating Up: Internet Search Query Trends Reveal Significant Public Interest in Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products; PloS One 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185735 CaputiT.L. LeasE. DredzeM. CohenJ.E. AyersJ.W. They’re Heating Up: Internet Search Query Trends Reveal Significant Public Interest in Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products PloS One 12 2017 10.1371/journal.pone.0185735 563607729020019 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21 La Torre, G., B. Dorelli, M. Ricciardi, M.C. Grassi, and A. Mannocci: Smoking E-CigaRette and HEat-noT-burn Products: Validation of the SECRHET Questionnaire; Clin. Ter. 170 (2019) e247–e251. DOI: 10.7417/CT.2019.2142 La TorreG. DorelliB. RicciardiM. GrassiM.C. MannocciA. Smoking E-CigaRette and HEat-noT-burn Products: Validation of the SECRHET Questionnaire Clin. Ter. 170 2019 e247 e251 10.7417/CT.2019.2142 31304510 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22 Ratajczak, A., P. Jankowski, P. Strus, and W. Feleszko: Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product – A New Global Trend: Impact of Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products on Public Health, a Systematic Review; Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 (2020) 409. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020409 RatajczakA. JankowskiP. StrusP. FeleszkoW. Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product – A New Global Trend: Impact of Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products on Public Health, a Systematic Review Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 2020 409 10.3390/ijerph17020409 701407231936252 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23 Phillips, B., E. Veljkovic, S. Boue, W.K. Schlage, G. Vuillaume, F. Martin, B. Titz, P. Leroy, A. Buettner, A. Elamin, A. Oviedo, M. Cabanski, H. De Leon, E. Guedj, T. Schneider, M. Talikka, N.V. Ivanov, P. Vanscheeuwijck, M.C. Peitsch, and J. Hoeng: An 8-Month Systems Toxicology Inhalation/Cessation Study in Apoe^−/− Mice to Investigate Cardiovascular and Respiratory Exposure Effects of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product, THS 2.2, Compared With Conventional Cigarettes; Toxicol. Sci. 149 (2016) 411–432. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv243 PhillipsB. VeljkovicE. BoueS. SchlageW.K. VuillaumeG. MartinF. TitzB. LeroyP. BuettnerA. ElaminA. OviedoA. CabanskiM. De LeonH. GuedjE. SchneiderT. TalikkaM. IvanovN.V. VanscheeuwijckP. PeitschM.C. HoengJ. An 8-Month Systems Toxicology Inhalation/Cessation Study in Apoe^−/− Mice to Investigate Cardiovascular and Respiratory Exposure Effects of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product, THS 2.2, Compared With Conventional Cigarettes Toxicol. Sci. 149 2016 411 432 10.1093/toxsci/kfv243 472561026609137 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24 van der Toorn, M., S. Frentzel, H. De Leon, D. Goedertier, M.C. Peitsch, and J. Hoeng: Aerosol From a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product Has Reduced Effects on Chemotaxis and Transendothelial Migration Compared to Combustion of Conventional Cigarettes; Food Chem. Toxicol. 86 (2015) 81–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.016 van der ToornM. FrentzelS. De LeonH. GoedertierD. PeitschM.C. HoengJ. Aerosol From a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product Has Reduced Effects on Chemotaxis and Transendothelial Migration Compared to Combustion of Conventional Cigarettes Food Chem. Toxicol. 86 2015 81 87 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.016 26432920 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25 Kim, M.: Philip Morris International Introduces New Heat-Not-Burn Product, IQOS, in South Korea; Tob. Control 27 (2018) e76–e78. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053965 KimM. Philip Morris International Introduces New Heat-Not-Burn Product, IQOS, in South Korea Tob. Control 27 2018 e76 e78 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053965 596632529170165 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26 Tabuchi, T., S. Gallus, T. Shinozaki, T. Nakaya, N. Kunugita, and B. Colwell: Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product Use in Japan: Its Prevalence, Predictors and Perceived Symptoms From Exposure to Secondhand Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Aerosol; Tob. Control 27 (2018) e25–e33. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053947 TabuchiT. GallusS. ShinozakiT. NakayaT. KunugitaN. ColwellB. Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product Use in Japan: Its Prevalence, Predictors and Perceived Symptoms From Exposure to Secondhand Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Aerosol Tob. Control 27 2018 e25 e33 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053947 607391829248896 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27 Zuber, G., C. Mayer, D. Sona, and A. Luwe: Aerosol-Generated Items with Aerosol Cooling Elements; China Patent 104203015A, Philip Morris Products, Neuchatel (Application Date: December 28, 2012). ZuberG. MayerC. SonaD. LuweA. Aerosol-Generated Items with Aerosol Cooling Elements China Patent 104203015A, Philip Morris Products Neuchatel (Application Date: December 28, 2012). Search in Google Scholar

28 Cozzani, V., F. Barontini, T. McGrath, B. Mahler, M. Nordlund, M. Smith, J.P. Schaller, and G. Zuber: An Experimental Investigation Into the Operation of an Electrically Heated Tobacco System; Thermochim. Acta 684 (2020) 178475. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2019.178475 CozzaniV. BarontiniF. McGrathT. MahlerB. NordlundM. SmithM. SchallerJ.P. ZuberG. An Experimental Investigation Into the Operation of an Electrically Heated Tobacco System Thermochim. Acta 684 2020 178475 10.1016/j.tca.2019.178475 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29 Eaton, D., B. Jakaj, M. Forster, J. Nicol, E. Mavropoulou, K. Scott, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, J. Murphy, and C.J. Proctor: Assessment of Tobacco Heating Product THP1.0. Part 2: Product Design, Operation and Thermophysical Characterisation; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 93 (2018) 4–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.009 EatonD. JakajB. ForsterM. NicolJ. MavropoulouE. ScottK. LiuC. McAdamK.G. MurphyJ. ProctorC.J. Assessment of Tobacco Heating Product THP1.0. Part 2: Product Design, Operation and Thermophysical Characterisation Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 93 2018 4 13 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.009 29080851 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30 Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method Nº 84 – Determination of Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Water, and Nicotine in the Aerosol of E-Cigarettes by Gas Chromatographic Analysis; October 2021, Fourth Edition. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-glycerin-propylene-glycol-water-and-nicotine-aerosol-e-cigarettes-gas-chromatographic (accessed October 2022) Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Recommended Method Nº 84 – Determination of Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Water, and Nicotine in the Aerosol of E-Cigarettes by Gas Chromatographic Analysis October 2021 Fourth Edition Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-glycerin-propylene-glycol-water-and-nicotine-aerosol-e-cigarettes-gas-chromatographic (accessed October 2022) Search in Google Scholar

31 Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method Nº 57 – Determination of Water in Tobacco and Tobacco Products by Gas Chromatographic Analysis; August 2018, Second Edition. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-water-tobacco-and-tobacco-products-gas-chromatographic-analysis-29180.html (accessed October 2022) Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Recommended Method Nº 57 – Determination of Water in Tobacco and Tobacco Products by Gas Chromatographic Analysis August 2018 Second Edition Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-water-tobacco-and-tobacco-products-gas-chromatographic-analysis-29180.html (accessed October 2022) Search in Google Scholar

32 Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method Nº 87 – Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco Products by GC-MS; April 2020, Second Edition. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-nicotine-tobacco-products-gc-ms-33537.html (accessed October 2022) Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Recommended Method Nº 87 – Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco Products by GC-MS April 2020 Second Edition Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-nicotine-tobacco-products-gc-ms-33537.html (accessed October 2022) Search in Google Scholar

33 Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method Nº 74 – Determination of Selected Carbonyls in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); August 2019, Fifth Edition. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-selected-carbonyls-mainstream-cigarette-smoke-high-performance-liquid-chromatography (accessed October 2022) Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Recommended Method Nº 74 – Determination of Selected Carbonyls in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) August 2019 Fifth Edition Available at: https://www.coresta.org/determination-selected-carbonyls-mainstream-cigarette-smoke-high-performance-liquid-chromatography (accessed October 2022) Search in Google Scholar

34 Behar, R.Z., W. Luo, S.C. Lin, Y. Wang, J. Valle, J.F. Pankow, and P. Talbot: Distribution, Quantification and Toxicity of Cinnamaldehyde in Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids and Aerosols; Tob. Control 25 (2016) ii94–ii102. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053224 BeharR.Z. LuoW. LinS.C. WangY. ValleJ. PankowJ.F. TalbotP. Distribution, Quantification and Toxicity of Cinnamaldehyde in Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids and Aerosols Tob. Control 25 2016 ii94 ii102 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053224 550384327633763 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35 Omaiye, E.E., K.J. McWhirter, W. Luo, P. Tierney, J.F. Pankow, and P. Talbot: High Concentrations of Flavor Chemicals are Present in Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids; Sci. Rep. 9 (2019) 1–9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39550-2 OmaiyeE.E. McWhirterK.J. LuoW. TierneyP. PankowJ.F. TalbotP. High Concentrations of Flavor Chemicals are Present in Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids Sci. Rep. 9 2019 1 9 10.1038/s41598-019-39550-2 638523630792477 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36 Alderman, S.L. and B.J. Ingebrethsen: Characterization of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particle Size Distributions from Commercial Cigarettes Using a DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer and Smoking Cycle Simulator; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 45 (2011) 1409–1421. DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2011.596862 AldermanS.L. IngebrethsenB.J. Characterization of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particle Size Distributions from Commercial Cigarettes Using a DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer and Smoking Cycle Simulator Aerosol Sci. Technol. 45 2011 1409 1421 10.1080/02786826.2011.596862 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37 Li, Y., H. Cui, L. Chen, M. Fan, J. Cai, J. Guo, C.U. Yurteri, X. Si, S. Liu, F. Xie, and J. Xie: Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Smoke Aerosol from Conventional Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Products; Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 21 (2021) 200241. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.200241 LiY. CuiH. ChenL. FanM. CaiJ. GuoJ. YurteriC.U. SiX. LiuS. XieF. XieJ. Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Smoke Aerosol from Conventional Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Products Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 21 2021 200241 10.4209/aaqr.200241 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38 Gasparyan, H., D. Mariner, C. Wright, J. Nicol, J. Murphy, C. Liu, and C. Proctor: Accurate Measurement of Main Aerosol Constituents from Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): Implications for a Fundamentally Different Aerosol; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 99 (2018) 131–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.016 GasparyanH. MarinerD. WrightC. NicolJ. MurphyJ. LiuC. ProctorC. Accurate Measurement of Main Aerosol Constituents from Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): Implications for a Fundamentally Different Aerosol Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 99 2018 131 141 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.016 30244041 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39 Schaller, J.-P., D. Keller, L. Poget, P. Pratte, E. Kaelin, D. McHugh, G. Cudazzo, D. Smart, A.R. Tricker, L. Gautier, M. Yerly, R.R. Pires, S. Le Bouhellec, D. Ghosh, I. Hofer, E. Garcia, P. Vanscheeuwijck, and S. Maeder: Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 2: Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Physical Properties of the Aerosol; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 81 (2016) S27–S47. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.001 SchallerJ.-P. KellerD. PogetL. PratteP. KaelinE. McHughD. CudazzoG. SmartD. TrickerA.R. GautierL. YerlyM. PiresR.R. Le BouhellecS. GhoshD. HoferI. GarciaE. VanscheeuwijckP. MaederS. Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 2: Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Physical Properties of the Aerosol Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 81 2016 S27 S47 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.001 27720919 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40 Kim, Y.-H. and Y.-J. An: Development of a Standardized New Cigarette Smoke Generating (SNCSG) System for the Assessment of Chemicals in the Smoke of New Cigarette Types (Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigs)); Environ. Res. 185 (2020) 109413. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109413 KimY.-H. AnY.-J. Development of a Standardized New Cigarette Smoke Generating (SNCSG) System for the Assessment of Chemicals in the Smoke of New Cigarette Types (Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigs)) Environ. Res. 185 2020 109413 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109413 32224342 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41 Bekki, K., Y. Inaba, S. Uchiyama, and N. Kunugita: Comparison of Chemicals in Mainstream Smoke in Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco and Combustion Cigarettes; J. UOEH 39 (2017) 201–207. DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.39.201 BekkiK. InabaY. UchiyamaS. KunugitaN. Comparison of Chemicals in Mainstream Smoke in Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco and Combustion Cigarettes J. UOEH 39 2017 201 207 10.7888/juoeh.39.201 28904270 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42 Liu, C., S. Feng, J. van Heemst, and K.G. McAdam: New Insights Into the Formation of Volatile Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke; Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396 (2010) 1817–1830. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3457-6 LiuC. FengS. van HeemstJ. McAdamK.G. New Insights Into the Formation of Volatile Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396 2010 1817 1830 10.1007/s00216-010-3457-6 282554020101495 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43 Marinov, N.M., W.J. Pitz, C.K. Westbrook, A.M. Vincitore, M.J. Castaldi, S.M. Senkan, and C.F. Melius: Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation in a Laminar Premixed n-Butane Flame; Combust. Flame 114 (1998) 192–213. DOI: 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00275-7 MarinovN.M. PitzW.J. WestbrookC.K. VincitoreA.M. CastaldiM.J. SenkanS.M. MeliusC.F. Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation in a Laminar Premixed n-Butane Flame Combust. Flame 114 1998 192 213 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00275-7 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar