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Aerosol Formation and Transfer in Open- and Closed-Ended Heated Tobacco Products

Bin Li
Bin Li
, 
Yue Sun
Yue Sun
, 
Lili Fu
Lili Fu
, 
Lulu Feng
Lulu Feng
, 
Ping Lei
Ping Lei
, 
Chuan Liu
Chuan Liu
, 
Jingmei Han
Jingmei Han
, 
Shanzhai Shang
Shanzhai Shang
, 
Shuang Wang
Shuang Wang
, 
Le Wang
Le Wang
, 
Yonghua Pan
Yonghua Pan
, 
Qi Zhang
Qi Zhang
, 
Zhongya Guo
Zhongya Guo
, 
Feng Huang
Feng Huang
, 
Mingjian Zhang
Mingjian Zhang
, 
Jianguo Tang
Jianguo Tang
, 
Bing Wang
Bing Wang
 and 
Ke Zhang
Ke Zhang
   | Dec 10, 2022
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Published Online: Dec 10, 2022
Page range: 162 - 174
Received: Jan 17, 2022
Accepted: Jun 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2022-0017
© 2022 Bin Li et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the tobacco rod structure for HNB and NSC: the NSC structure is shown with the ventilation holes. HNB is identical but without the ventilation holes.
Schematic diagram of the tobacco rod structure for HNB and NSC: the NSC structure is shown with the ventilation holes. HNB is identical but without the ventilation holes.

Figure 2

Airflow pathways of HNB (A) and NSC (B) systems.
Airflow pathways of HNB (A) and NSC (B) systems.

Figure 3

Photos of HNB (A) and NSC (B) systems.
Photos of HNB (A) and NSC (B) systems.

Figure 4

The locations and method for detecting temperature profiles inside the heated tobacco products.1: Heating device; 2: Temperature detection point of tobacco plug; 3: Tobacco rod; 4: Temperature detection point of hollow acetate tube; 5: Thermocouple; 6: Thermocouple compensation wire; 7: Data collector; 8: Data acquisition software; 9: Data connection cable; 10: Single-channel smoking machine.
The locations and method for detecting temperature profiles inside the heated tobacco products.1: Heating device; 2: Temperature detection point of tobacco plug; 3: Tobacco rod; 4: Temperature detection point of hollow acetate tube; 5: Thermocouple; 6: Thermocouple compensation wire; 7: Data collector; 8: Data acquisition software; 9: Data connection cable; 10: Single-channel smoking machine.

Figure 5

Mainstream aerosol collected mass (ACM) as a function of puff number under the two airflow pathways.
Mainstream aerosol collected mass (ACM) as a function of puff number under the two airflow pathways.

Figure 6

The deliveries of nicotine (A), PG (B), VG (C) and H2O (D) in mainstream aerosol on a puff-by-puff basis for the two different airflow pathways.
The deliveries of nicotine (A), PG (B), VG (C) and H2O (D) in mainstream aerosol on a puff-by-puff basis for the two different airflow pathways.

Figure 7

Proportions of nicotine, PG, VG and H2O in the aerosol collected mass (ACM) as a function of puff number for the two airflow pathways: HNB (A) and NSC (B).
Proportions of nicotine, PG, VG and H2O in the aerosol collected mass (ACM) as a function of puff number for the two airflow pathways: HNB (A) and NSC (B).

Figure 8

Variation of temperature at the center of tobacco rod (A) and inside the filter rod (B) during puffing for the HNB and NSC systems.
Variation of temperature at the center of tobacco rod (A) and inside the filter rod (B) during puffing for the HNB and NSC systems.

Figure 9

Aerosol particle number concentration (APNC) and count median diameter (CMD) of mainstream aerosols for HNB and NSC systems.
Aerosol particle number concentration (APNC) and count median diameter (CMD) of mainstream aerosols for HNB and NSC systems.

Figure 10

Surface temperature (a) and the radial flow velocity responses (b) at 1-s into a 2-s puff of a burning cigarette cone. Temperature map (c) and axial air flow velocity map (d) at the cross section are also plotted. For full details, please refer to reference 16.
Surface temperature (a) and the radial flow velocity responses (b) at 1-s into a 2-s puff of a burning cigarette cone. Temperature map (c) and axial air flow velocity map (d) at the cross section are also plotted. For full details, please refer to reference 16.

Transfer ratio of main components in the tobacco substrate, filter rods, and mainstream aerosol under the HNB and NSC system.

Specimens PG VG Nicotine H2O PG VG Nicotine H2O
mg/cig %
Tobacco HNB 0.16 ± 0.14 0.00 0.03 ± 0.04 3.92 ± 0.61 ηresidual 3.30 0.00 0.67 11.13
NSC 0.24 ± 0.00 0.00 0.08 ± 0.00 2.28 ± 0.57 4.99 0.00 2.08 6.46
Filter rod HNB 2.33 ± 0.15 9.77 ± 0.79 1.26 ± 0.10 8.53 ± 0.94 ηtrapping 48.93 70.91 33.11 24.22
NSC 2.59 ± 0.08 4.97 ± 0.25 1.07 ± 0.05 9.28 ± 0.26 54.39 36.09 28.09 26.35
Aerosol HNB 1.65 ± 0.09 2.35 ± 0.17 0.87 ± 0.04 10.28 ± 0.26 ηcapture 34.51 17.08 22.95 29.17
NSC 1.69 ± 0.05 6.15 ± 0.35 1.22 ± 0.06 10.63 ± 0.53 35.40 44.62 32.10 30.16

The main blend components of the tobacco plug on each rod.

Components Nicotine Propylene glycol Glycerol H2O Tobacco plug
Weight (mg/plug) 3.79 ± 0.22 4.77 ± 0.12 13.79 ± 0.25 35.23 ± 1.75 179.40 ± 3.73

Working parameters of the two heating devices.

Airflow pathway Heating mode Heating temperature Preheating time Working time
HNB Peripheral resistive heating 240 °C 45 s 4 min 12 s
NSC Peripheral resistive heating 240 °C 45 s 4 min 12 s

Aldehydes and ketones in mainstream aerosol of HNB and NSC systems.

Specimens ACM PG VG Nicotine H2O Other components a
(mg/stick)
HNB 15.48 ± 1.30 1.65 ± 0.09 2.35 ± 0.17 0.87 ± 0.04 10.28 ± 0.26 0.33 ± 0.03
NSC 23.18 ± 1.35 1.69 ± 0.05 6.15 ± 0.35 1.22 ± 0.06 10.63 ± 0.53 3.49 ± 0.29
NSC / HNB 150% 102% 262% 140% 103% 1058%

Total releases of main components in the mainstream aerosol.

Specimens ACM PG VG Nicotine H2O Other components a
(mg/stick)
HNB 15.48 ± 1.30 1.65 ± 0.09 2.35 ± 0.17 0.87 ± 0.04 10.28 ± 0.26 0.33 ± 0.03
NSC 23.18 ± 1.35 1.69 ± 0.05 6.15 ± 0.35 1.22 ± 0.06 10.63 ± 0.53 3.49 ± 0.29
NSC / HNB 150% 102% 262% 140% 103% 1058%
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