Towards an improved understanding of bark beetle and other insect herbivore infestation in conifer forests

Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D.D., Hogg, E.H., Gonzalez, P., Fensham, R., Zhang, Z., Castro, J., Demidova, N., Lim, J.-H., Allard, G., Running, S.W., Semerci, A., Cobb, N., 2010. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259, 660–684. AllenC.D. MacaladyA.K. ChenchouniH. BacheletD. McDowellN. VennetierM. KitzbergerT. RiglingA. BreshearsD.D. HoggE.H. GonzalezP. FenshamR. ZhangZ. CastroJ. DemidovaN. LimJ.-H. AllardG. RunningS.W. SemerciA. CobbN. 2010 A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests Forest Ecology and Management 259 660 684 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001 Search in Google Scholar

Amoroso, M.M., Coates, K.D., Astrup, R., 2013. Stand recovery and self-organization following large-scale mountain pine beetle induced canopy mortality in northern forests. Forest Ecology and Management 310, 300–311. AmorosoM.M. CoatesK.D. AstrupR. 2013 Stand recovery and self-organization following large-scale mountain pine beetle induced canopy mortality in northern forests Forest Ecology and Management 310 300 311 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.037 Search in Google Scholar

Anderbrant, O., 1989. Reemergence and second brood in the bark beetle Ips typographus. Holarctic Ecology 12, 494–500. AnderbrantO. 1989 Reemergence and second brood in the bark beetle Ips typographus Holarctic Ecology 12 494 500 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1989.tb00927.x Search in Google Scholar

Annila, E., 1969. Influence of temperature upon the development and voltinism of Ips typographus L. (Col.; Scol.). Annales Zoologici Fennici 6, 161–208. AnnilaE. 1969 Influence of temperature upon the development and voltinism of Ips typographus L. (Col.; Scol.) Annales Zoologici Fennici 6 161 208 Search in Google Scholar

Attiwil, P.M., 1994. The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the ecological basis for conservative management. Forest Ecology and Management 63, 247–300. AttiwilP.M. 1994 The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the ecological basis for conservative management Forest Ecology and Management 63 247 300 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90114-7 Search in Google Scholar

Baier, P., Pennerstorfer, J., Schopf, A., 2007. PHENIPS - a comprehensive phenology model of Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytinae) as a tool for hazard rating of bark beetle infestation. Forest Ecology and Management 249, 171–186. BaierP. PennerstorferJ. SchopfA. 2007 PHENIPS - a comprehensive phenology model of Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytinae) as a tool for hazard rating of bark beetle infestation Forest Ecology and Management 249 171 186 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.020 Search in Google Scholar

Battisti, A., Stastny, M., Netherer, S., Robinet, C., Schopf, A., Roques, A., Larsson, S., 2005. Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures. Ecological Applications 15 (6), 2084–2096. BattistiA. StastnyM. NethererS. RobinetC. SchopfA. RoquesA. LarssonS. 2005 Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures Ecological Applications 15 6 2084 2096 10.1890/04-1903 Search in Google Scholar

Battisti, A., Larsson, S., 2015. Climate change and insect pest distribution range. In: Björkman, C., Niemelä, P. (Eds.), Climate Change and Insect Pests. CABI Climate Change Series 8, Wallingford, UK, p 1–15. BattistiA. LarssonS. 2015 Climate change and insect pest distribution range In: BjörkmanC. NiemeläP. (Eds.), Climate Change and Insect Pests. CABI Climate Change Series 8 Wallingford, UK 1 15 10.1079/9781780643786.0001 Search in Google Scholar

Berec, L., Doležal, P., Hais, M., 2013. Population dynamics of Ips typographus in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic): Validation of the phenology model PHENIPS and impacts of climate change. Forest Ecology and Management 292, 1–9. BerecL. DoležalP. HaisM. 2013 Population dynamics of Ips typographus in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic): Validation of the phenology model PHENIPS and impacts of climate change Forest Ecology and Management 292 1 9 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.018 Search in Google Scholar

Berryman, A.A., 1986. Forest insects. Principles and practice of population management. Plenum Press, New York and London. BerrymanA.A. 1986 Forest insects. Principles and practice of population management Plenum Press New York and London 10.1007/978-1-4684-5080-4_11 Search in Google Scholar

Biedermann, P.H.W., Müller, J., Grégoire, J.-C., Gruppe, A., Hagge, J., Hammerbacher, A., Hofstetter, R.W., Kandasamy, D., Kolarik, M., Kostovcik, M., Krokene, P., Sallé, A., Six, D.L., Turrini, T., Vanderpool, D., Wingfield, M.J., Bässler, C., 2019. Bark beetle population dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and solutions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 34, 914–924. BiedermannP.H.W. MüllerJ. GrégoireJ.-C. GruppeA. HaggeJ. HammerbacherA. HofstetterR.W. KandasamyD. KolarikM. KostovcikM. KrokeneP. SalléA. SixD.L. TurriniT. VanderpoolD. WingfieldM.J. BässlerC. 2019 Bark beetle population dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and solutions Trends in Ecology and Evolution 34 914 924 10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.00231262532 Search in Google Scholar

Blomquist, G.J., Figueroa-Teran, R., Aw, M., Song, M., Gorzalski, A., Abbott, N.L., Chang, E., Tittiger, C., 2010. Pheromone production in bark beetles. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 40, 699–712. BlomquistG.J. Figueroa-TeranR. AwM. SongM. GorzalskiA. AbbottN.L. ChangE. TittigerC. 2010 Pheromone production in bark beetles Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 40 699 712 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.07.01320727970 Search in Google Scholar

Bončina, A., Simončič, T., Rosset, C., 2019. Assessment of the concept of forest functions in Central European forestry. Environmental Science and Policy 99, 123–135. BončinaA. SimončičT. RossetC. 2019 Assessment of the concept of forest functions in Central European forestry Environmental Science and Policy 99 123 135 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.009 Search in Google Scholar

Čada, V., Morrissey, R.C., Michalová, Z., Bače, R., Janda, P., Svoboda, M., 2016. Frequent severe natural disturbances and non-equilibrium landscape dynamics shaped the mountain spruce forest in central Europe. Forest Ecology and Management 363, 169–178. ČadaV. MorrisseyR.C. MichalováZ. BačeR. JandaP. SvobodaM. 2016 Frequent severe natural disturbances and non-equilibrium landscape dynamics shaped the mountain spruce forest in central Europe Forest Ecology and Management 363 169 178 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.023 Search in Google Scholar

Christiansen, E., Glosli, A.M., 1996. Mild drought enhances the resistance of Norway spruce to a bark beetle-transmitted blue-stain fungus. Vol NC-183. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep., St. Paul, MN, p 192–199. ChristiansenE. GlosliA.M. 1996 Mild drought enhances the resistance of Norway spruce to a bark beetle-transmitted blue-stain fungus. Vol NC-183 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. St. Paul, MN 192 199 Search in Google Scholar

Christiansen, E., Waring, R.H., Berryman, A.A., 1987. Resistance of conifers to bark beetle attack: searching for general relationships. Forest Ecology and Management 22, 89–106. ChristiansenE. WaringR.H. BerrymanA.A. 1987 Resistance of conifers to bark beetle attack: searching for general relationships Forest Ecology and Management 22 89 106 10.1016/0378-1127(87)90098-3 Search in Google Scholar

Coeln, M., Niu, Y., Führer, E., 1996. Entwicklung von Borkenkäfern in Abhängigkeit von thermischen Bedingungen verschiedener montaner Waldstufen (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Entomologia Generalis 21, 37–54. CoelnM. NiuY. FührerE. 1996 Entwicklung von Borkenkäfern in Abhängigkeit von thermischen Bedingungen verschiedener montaner Waldstufen (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Entomologia Generalis 21 37 54 10.1127/entom.gen/21/1996/37 Search in Google Scholar

Fält-Nardmann, J., Klemola, T., Ruohomäki, K., Niemelä, P., Roth, M., Saikkonen, K., 2018. Local adaptations and phenotypic plasticity may render gypsy moth and nun moth future pests in northern European boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, 265–276. Fält-NardmannJ. KlemolaT. RuohomäkiK. NiemeläP. RothM. SaikkonenK. 2018 Local adaptations and phenotypic plasticity may render gypsy moth and nun moth future pests in northern European boreal forests Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48 265 276 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0481 Search in Google Scholar

Fleischer, P. jun, Fleischer, P., Ferenčík, J., Ferenčík, J., Hlaváč, P., Kozánek, M., 2016. Elevated bark temperature in unremoved stumps after disturbances facilitates multivoltinism in Ips typographus population in a mountainous forest. Forestry Journal 62, 15–22. FleischerP. jun FleischerP. FerenčíkJ. FerenčíkJ. HlaváčP. KozánekM. 2016 Elevated bark temperature in unremoved stumps after disturbances facilitates multivoltinism in Ips typographus population in a mountainous forest Forestry Journal 62 15 22 10.1515/forj-2016-0002 Search in Google Scholar

Führer, E., Lindenthal, J., Baier, P., 1997. Tree mortality in Norway spruce: Relations between the premortal tree vigour dynamics and the attack by phloeophagous insects. Mitteilungen der deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie 11, 645–648. FührerE. LindenthalJ. BaierP. 1997 Tree mortality in Norway spruce: Relations between the premortal tree vigour dynamics and the attack by phloeophagous insects Mitteilungen der deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie 11 645 648 Search in Google Scholar

Führer, E., Coeln, M., 1998. Thermoenergetisches Modell zur Fernüberwachung der Borkenkäferentwicklung. AFZ/Der Wald 2, 59–62. FührerE. CoelnM. 1998 Thermoenergetisches Modell zur Fernüberwachung der Borkenkäferentwicklung AFZ/Der Wald 2 59 62 Search in Google Scholar

Führer, E., Nopp, U., 2001. Ursachen. Vorbeugung und Sanierung von Waldschäden. Facultas Universitäts-Verlag, Vienna. FührerE. NoppU. 2001 Ursachen. Vorbeugung und Sanierung von Waldschäden Facultas Universitäts-Verlag Vienna Search in Google Scholar

Hanewinkel, M., Hummel, S., Albrecht, A., 2011. Assessing natural hazards in forestry for risk management: a review. European Journal of Forest Research 130, 329–351. HanewinkelM. HummelS. AlbrechtA. 2011 Assessing natural hazards in forestry for risk management: a review European Journal of Forest Research 130 329 351 10.1007/s10342-010-0392-1 Search in Google Scholar

Hoch, G., Toffolo, E.P., Netherer, S., Battisti, A., Schopf, A., 2009. Survival at low temperature of larvae of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa from an area of range expansion. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 11, 313–320. HochG. ToffoloE.P. NethererS. BattistiA. SchopfA. 2009 Survival at low temperature of larvae of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa from an area of range expansion Agricultural and Forest Entomology 11 313 320 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00431.x Search in Google Scholar

Hoch, G., Putz, J., Connell, J., 2017. Erste Massenvermehrung des Pinienprozessionsspinners (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in Österreich. First outbreak of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in Austria. Forstschutz Aktuell 62, 4–8. HochG. PutzJ. ConnellJ. 2017 Erste Massenvermehrung des Pinienprozessionsspinners (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in Österreich. First outbreak of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in Austria Forstschutz Aktuell 62 4 8 Search in Google Scholar

Holling, C.S., 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4, 1–23. HollingC.S. 1973 Resilience and stability of ecological systems Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4 1 23 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245 Search in Google Scholar

Irauschek, F., Rammer, W., Lexer, M.J., 2017. Can current management maintain forest landscape multifunctionality in the Eastern Alps in Austria under climate change? Regional Environmental Change 17, 33–48. IrauschekF. RammerW. LexerM.J. 2017 Can current management maintain forest landscape multifunctionality in the Eastern Alps in Austria under climate change? Regional Environmental Change 17 33 48 10.1007/s10113-015-0908-9 Search in Google Scholar

Jactel, H., Nicoll, B.C., Branco, M., Gonzalez-Olabarria, J.R., Grodzki, W., Langstrom, B., Moreira, F., Netherer, S., Orazio, C., Piou, D., Santos, H., Schelhaas, M.J., Tojic, K., Vodde, F., 2009. The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage. Annals of Forest Science 66, 701. JactelH. NicollB.C. BrancoM. Gonzalez-OlabarriaJ.R. GrodzkiW. LangstromB. MoreiraF. NethererS. OrazioC. PiouD. SantosH. SchelhaasM.J. TojicK. VoddeF. 2009 The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage Annals of Forest Science 66 701 10.1051/forest/2009054 Search in Google Scholar

Jactel, H., Branco, M., Duncker, P., Gardiner, B., Grodzki, W., Langstrom, B., Moreira, F., Netherer, S., Nicoll, B., Orazio, C., Piou, D., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tojic, K., 2012. A multicriteria risk analysis to evaluate impacts of forest management alternatives on forest health in Europe. Ecology and Society 17, 52. JactelH. BrancoM. DunckerP. GardinerB. GrodzkiW. LangstromB. MoreiraF. NethererS. NicollB. OrazioC. PiouD. SchelhaasM.-J. TojicK. 2012 A multicriteria risk analysis to evaluate impacts of forest management alternatives on forest health in Europe Ecology and Society 17 52 10.5751/ES-04897-170452 Search in Google Scholar

Jönsson, A.M., Appelberg, G., Harding, S., Bärring, L., 2009. Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the activity and voltinism of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus. Global Change Biology 15, 486–499. JönssonA.M. AppelbergG. HardingS. BärringL. 2009 Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the activity and voltinism of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus Global Change Biology 15 486 499 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01742.x Search in Google Scholar

Jönsson, A.M., Harding, S., Bärring, L., Ravn, H.P., 2007. Impact of climate change on the population dynamics of Ips typographus in southern Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 146, 70–81. JönssonA.M. HardingS. BärringL. RavnH.P. 2007 Impact of climate change on the population dynamics of Ips typographus in southern Sweden Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 146 70 81 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.05.006 Search in Google Scholar

Jönsson, A.M., Schröder, L.M, Lagergren, F., Anderbrant, O., Smith, B., 2012. Guess the impact of Ips typographus - An ecosystem modelling approach for simulating spruce bark beetle outbreaks. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 166–167, 188–200. JönssonA.M. SchröderL.M LagergrenF. AnderbrantO. SmithB. 2012 Guess the impact of Ips typographus - An ecosystem modelling approach for simulating spruce bark beetle outbreaks Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 166–167 188 200 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.07.012 Search in Google Scholar

Kandasamy, D., Gershenzon, J., Andersson, M.N., Hammerbacher, A., 2019. Volatile organic compounds influence the interaction of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) with its fungal symbionts. ISME Journal 13, 1788–1800. KandasamyD. GershenzonJ. AnderssonM.N. HammerbacherA. 2019 Volatile organic compounds influence the interaction of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) with its fungal symbionts ISME Journal 13 1788 1800 10.1038/s41396-019-0390-3677599130872804 Search in Google Scholar

Kollberg, I., Bylund, H., Jonsson, T., Schmidt, A., Gershenzon, J., Björkman, C., 2015. Temperature affects insect outbreak risk through tritrophic interactions mediated by plant secondary compounds. Ecosphere 6, 102. KollbergI. BylundH. JonssonT. SchmidtA. GershenzonJ. BjörkmanC. 2015 Temperature affects insect outbreak risk through tritrophic interactions mediated by plant secondary compounds Ecosphere 6 102 10.1890/ES15-000021.1 Search in Google Scholar

Kolström, M., Lindner, M., Vilen, T., Maroschek, M., Seidl, R., Lexer, M.J., Netherer, S., Kremer, A., Delzon, S., Barbati, A., Marchetti, M., Corona, P., 2011. Reviewing the science and implementation of climate change adaptation measures in European forestry. Forests 2, 961–982. KolströmM. LindnerM. VilenT. MaroschekM. SeidlR. LexerM.J. NethererS. KremerA. DelzonS. BarbatiA. MarchettiM. CoronaP. 2011 Reviewing the science and implementation of climate change adaptation measures in European forestry Forests 2 961 982 10.3390/f2040961 Search in Google Scholar

Krokene, P., 2015. Conifer defense and resistance to bark beetles. In: Vega, F.E., Hofstetter, R. (Eds.), Bark beetles: Biology and ecology of native and invasive species. Academic Press, p 177–207. KrokeneP. 2015 Conifer defense and resistance to bark beetles In: VegaF.E. HofstetterR. (Eds.), Bark beetles: Biology and ecology of native and invasive species Academic Press 177 207 10.1603/ICE.2016.90876 Search in Google Scholar

Kuosmanen, N., Čada, V., Halsall, K., Chiverrell, R.C., Schafstall, N., Kuneš, P., Boyle, J.F., Knížek, M., Appleby, P.G., Svoboda, M., Clear, J.L., 2020. Integration of dendrochronological and palaeoecological disturbance reconstructions in temperate mountain forests. Forest Ecology and Management 475, 118413. KuosmanenN. ČadaV. HalsallK. ChiverrellR.C. SchafstallN. KunešP. BoyleJ.F. KnížekM. ApplebyP.G. SvobodaM. ClearJ.L. 2020 Integration of dendrochronological and palaeoecological disturbance reconstructions in temperate mountain forests Forest Ecology and Management 475 118413 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118413 Search in Google Scholar

Larsson, S., Ekbom, B., Björkman, C, 2000. Influence of plant quality on pine sawfly population dynamics. Oikos 89, 440–450. LarssonS. EkbomB. BjörkmanC 2000 Influence of plant quality on pine sawfly population dynamics Oikos 89 440 450 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890303.x Search in Google Scholar

Li, S., Daudin, J.J., Piou, D., Robinet, C., Jactel, H., 2015. Periodicity and synchrony of pine processionary moth outbreaks in France. Forest Ecology and Management, 354, 309–317. LiS. DaudinJ.J. PiouD. RobinetC. JactelH. 2015 Periodicity and synchrony of pine processionary moth outbreaks in France Forest Ecology and Management 354 309 317 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.023 Search in Google Scholar

Lieutier, F., Yart, A., Sallé, A., 2009. Stimulation of tree defences by ophiostomatoid fungi can explain attack success of bark beetles on conifers. Annals of Forest Science 66, 801. LieutierF. YartA. SalléA. 2009 Stimulation of tree defences by ophiostomatoid fungi can explain attack success of bark beetles on conifers Annals of Forest Science 66 801 10.1051/forest/2009066 Search in Google Scholar

Lindner, M., Maroschek, M., Netherer, S., Kremer, A., Barbati, A., Garcia-Gonzalo, J., Seidl, R., Delzon, S., Corona, P., Kolstrom, M., Lexer, M.J., Marchetti, M., 2010. Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 259, 698–709. LindnerM. MaroschekM. NethererS. KremerA. BarbatiA. Garcia-GonzaloJ. SeidlR. DelzonS. CoronaP. KolstromM. LexerM.J. MarchettiM. 2010 Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems Forest Ecology and Management 259 698 709 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.023 Search in Google Scholar

Manion, P.D., 1991. Tree Disease Concepts. Second Edition. Prentice Hall Career & Technology, New Jersey. ManionP.D. 1991 Tree Disease Concepts Second Edition Prentice Hall Career & Technology New Jersey Search in Google Scholar

Marini, L., Økland, B., Jönsson, A.M., Bentz, B., Carroll, A., Forster, B., Grégoire, J-C., Hurling, R., Nageleisen, L.M., Netherer, S., Ravn, H.P., Weed, A., Schroeder, M., 2017. Climate drivers of bark beetle outbreak dynamics in Norway spruce forests. Ecography 40, 001–010. MariniL. ØklandB. JönssonA.M. BentzB. CarrollA. ForsterB. GrégoireJ-C. HurlingR. NageleisenL.M. NethererS. RavnH.P. WeedA. SchroederM. 2017 Climate drivers of bark beetle outbreak dynamics in Norway spruce forests Ecography 40 001 010 10.1111/ecog.02769 Search in Google Scholar

Maroschek, M., Seidl, R., Netherer, S., Lexer, M.J., 2009. Climate change impacts on goods and services of European mountain forests. Unasylva: International journal of forestry and forest products 60, 76–80. MaroschekM. SeidlR. NethererS. LexerM.J. 2009 Climate change impacts on goods and services of European mountain forests Unasylva: International journal of forestry and forest products 60 76 80 Search in Google Scholar

Matthews, B., Netherer, S., Katzensteiner, K., Pennerstorfer, J., Blackwell, E., Henschke, P., Hietz, P., Rosner, S., Jansson, P.E., Schume, H., Schopf, A., 2018. Linking tree transpiration deficits to experimental bark beetle attack. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 263, 69–89. MatthewsB. NethererS. KatzensteinerK. PennerstorferJ. BlackwellE. HenschkeP. HietzP. RosnerS. JanssonP.E. SchumeH. SchopfA. 2018 Linking tree transpiration deficits to experimental bark beetle attack Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 263 69 89 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.08.004 Search in Google Scholar

Mezei, P., Grodzki, W., Blaženec, M., Jakuš, R., 2014a. Factors influencing the wind–bark beetles’ disturbance system in the course of an Ips typographus outbreak in the Tatra Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management 312, 67–77. MezeiP. GrodzkiW. BlaženecM. JakušR. 2014a Factors influencing the wind–bark beetles’ disturbance system in the course of an Ips typographus outbreak in the Tatra Mountains Forest Ecology and Management 312 67 77 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.020 Search in Google Scholar

Mezei, P., Grodzki, W., Blaženec, M., Škvarenina, J., Brandýsová, V., Jakuš, R., 2014b. Host and site factors affecting tree mortality caused by the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in mountainous conditions. Forest Ecology and Management 331, 196–207. MezeiP. GrodzkiW. BlaženecM. ŠkvareninaJ. BrandýsováV. JakušR. 2014b Host and site factors affecting tree mortality caused by the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in mountainous conditions Forest Ecology and Management 331 196 207 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.07.031 Search in Google Scholar

Mezei, P., Jakuš, R., Pennerstorfer, J., Havašová, M., Škvarenina, J., Ferenčík, J., Slivinský, J., Bičárová, S., Bilčík, D., Blaženec, M., Netherer, S., 2017. Storms, temperature maxima and the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus - An infernal trio in Norway spruce forests of the Central European High Tatra Mountains. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 242, 85–95. MezeiP. JakušR. PennerstorferJ. HavašováM. ŠkvareninaJ. FerenčíkJ. SlivinskýJ. BičárováS. BilčíkD. BlaženecM. NethererS. 2017 Storms, temperature maxima and the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus - An infernal trio in Norway spruce forests of the Central European High Tatra Mountains Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 242 85 95 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.04.004 Search in Google Scholar

Morgante, G., 2021. Host tree, bark beetle and blue stain fungi interactions under drought conditions. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment. University of Padua, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, p 44. MorganteG. 2021 Host tree, bark beetle and blue stain fungi interactions under drought conditions Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment. University of Padua, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna 44 Search in Google Scholar

Nelson, W.A., Potapov, A., Lewis, M.A., Hundsdörfer, A.E., He, F., 2008. Balancing ecological complexity in predictive models: a reassessment of risk models in the mountain pine beetle system. Journal of Applied Ecology 45, 248–257. NelsonW.A. PotapovA. LewisM.A. HundsdörferA.E. HeF. 2008 Balancing ecological complexity in predictive models: a reassessment of risk models in the mountain pine beetle system Journal of Applied Ecology 45 248 257 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01374.x Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Führer E., 1999. Konzipierung eines Risikoschätzmodells zur Bestimmung der Prädisposition von Standorten und Beständen gegenüber Gradationen von Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hym. Tenthr.). Assessment of the predisposition of forest sites and stands to epidemics of the Little Spruce Sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hym. Tenthr.). Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 170, 53–60. NethererS. FührerE. 1999 Konzipierung eines Risikoschätzmodells zur Bestimmung der Prädisposition von Standorten und Beständen gegenüber Gradationen von Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hym. Tenthr.). Assessment of the predisposition of forest sites and stands to epidemics of the Little Spruce Sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hym. Tenthr.) Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 170 53 60 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Gasser, G., Schopf, A., Stauffer, C. 2001. Untersuchungen über die Bereitschaft zur Geschwisterbrutanlage des Buchdruckers Ips typographus (Coleoptera; Scolytidae) aus verschiedenen Höhenstufen. Variability in the establishment of sister broods by Ips typographus (Coleoptera; Scolytidae) from sites of different elevation. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 4, 163–174. NethererS. GasserG. SchopfA. StaufferC. 2001 Untersuchungen über die Bereitschaft zur Geschwisterbrutanlage des Buchdruckers Ips typographus (Coleoptera; Scolytidae) aus verschiedenen Höhenstufen. Variability in the establishment of sister broods by Ips typographus (Coleoptera; Scolytidae) from sites of different elevation Austrian Journal of Forest Science 4 163 174 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Pennerstorfer, J. 2003. Parameters relevant for modelling the potential development of Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Integrated Pest Management Reviews 6, 177–184. NethererS. PennerstorferJ. 2003 Parameters relevant for modelling the potential development of Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Integrated Pest Management Reviews 6 177 184 10.1023/A:1025719301446 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Nopp-Mayr, U., 2005. Predisposition assessment systems (PAS) as supportive tools in forest management - rating of site and stand-related hazards of bark beetle infestation in the High Tatra Mountains as an example for system application and verification. Forest Ecology and Management 207, 99–107. NethererS. Nopp-MayrU. 2005 Predisposition assessment systems (PAS) as supportive tools in forest management - rating of site and stand-related hazards of bark beetle infestation in the High Tatra Mountains as an example for system application and verification Forest Ecology and Management 207 99 107 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.020 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Schopf, A., 2010. Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests. General aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example. Forest Ecology and Management 259, 831–838. NethererS. SchopfA. 2010 Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests. General aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example Forest Ecology and Management 259 831 838 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.034 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Matthews, B., Katzensteiner, K., Blackwell, E., Henschke, P., Hietz, P., Pennerstorfer, J., Rosner, S., Kikuta, S., Schume, H., Schopf, A. 2015. Do water limiting conditions predispose Norway spruce to bark beetle attack? New Phytologist: 205, 1128–1141. NethererS. MatthewsB. KatzensteinerK. BlackwellE. HenschkeP. HietzP. PennerstorferJ. RosnerS. KikutaS. SchumeH. SchopfA. 2015 Do water limiting conditions predispose Norway spruce to bark beetle attack? New Phytologist 205 1128 1141 10.1111/nph.13166431586625417785 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Ehn, M., Blackwell, E., Kirisits, T. 2016. Defence reactions of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) before and after inoculation of the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica in a drought stress experiment. Lesnicky Casopis Forestry Journal 62, 169–177. NethererS. EhnM. BlackwellE. KirisitsT. 2016 Defence reactions of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) before and after inoculation of the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica in a drought stress experiment Lesnicky Casopis Forestry Journal 62 169 177 10.1515/forj-2016-0014 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Panassiti, B., Pennerstorfer, J., Matthews, B., 2019. Acute drought is an important driver of bark beetle infestation in Austrian Norway spruce stands. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 2, Article 39, 1–21. NethererS. PanassitiB. PennerstorferJ. MatthewsB. 2019 Acute drought is an important driver of bark beetle infestation in Austrian Norway spruce stands Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 2, Article 39 1 21 10.3389/ffgc.2019.00039 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Kandasamy, D., Jirosová, A., Kalinová, B., Schebeck, M., Schlyter, F., 2021. Interactions among Norway spruce, the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal symbionts in times of drought. Journal of Pest Science 94, 591–614. NethererS. KandasamyD. JirosováA. KalinováB. SchebeckM. SchlyterF. 2021 Interactions among Norway spruce, the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal symbionts in times of drought Journal of Pest Science 94 591 614 10.1007/s10340-021-01341-y855021534720785 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Hammerbacher, A., 2021. The Eurasian spruce bark beetle in a warming climate: phenology, behavior and biotic interactions. In: Ghandi, K.J.K., Hofstetter, R.W. (Eds.), Bark beetle management, ecology and climate change. Academic Press, Elsevier Publishing, 89–131. NethererS. HammerbacherA. 2021 The Eurasian spruce bark beetle in a warming climate: phenology, behavior and biotic interactions In: GhandiK.J.K. HofstetterR.W. (Eds.), Bark beetle management, ecology and climate change Academic Press, Elsevier Publishing 89 131 10.1016/B978-0-12-822145-7.00011-8 Search in Google Scholar

Netherer, S., Schebeck, M., Morgante G., Rentsch, V., Kirisits, T., 2022. European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.) males are attracted to bark cores of drought-stressed Norway spruce trees with impaired defenses in petri dish choice experiments. Forests 13, 537. NethererS. SchebeckM. MorganteG. RentschV. KirisitsT. 2022 European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.) males are attracted to bark cores of drought-stressed Norway spruce trees with impaired defenses in petri dish choice experiments Forests 13 537 10.3390/f13040537 Search in Google Scholar

Nicoll, B.C., Gardiner, B.A., Rayner, B., Peace, A.J., 2006. Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type and rooting depth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, 1871–1883. NicollB.C. GardinerB.A. RaynerB. PeaceA.J. 2006 Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type and rooting depth Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36 1871 1883 10.1139/x06-072 Search in Google Scholar

Ogaya, R., Penuelas, J., Martinez-Vilalta, J., Mangiron, M., 2003. Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a holm oak forest of NE Spain. Forest Ecology and Management 180, 175–184. OgayaR. PenuelasJ. Martinez-VilaltaJ. MangironM. 2003 Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a holm oak forest of NE Spain Forest Ecology and Management 180 175 184 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00598-4 Search in Google Scholar

Økland, B., Netherer, S., Marini, L., 2015. The Eurasian spruce bark beetle – The role of climate. In: Björkman, C., Niemelä, P. (Eds.), Climate Change and Insect Pests. CABI Climate Change Series 8, Wallingford, UK, p 202–219. ØklandB. NethererS. MariniL. 2015 The Eurasian spruce bark beetle – The role of climate In: BjörkmanC. NiemeläP. (Eds.), Climate Change and Insect Pests. CABI Climate Change Series 8 Wallingford, UK 202 219 10.1079/9781780643786.0202 Search in Google Scholar

Reinikainen, M., D’Amato, A.W., Fraver, S., 2012. Repeated insect outbreaks promote multi-cohort aspen mixedwood forests in northern Minnesota, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 266, 148–159. ReinikainenM. D’AmatoA.W. FraverS. 2012 Repeated insect outbreaks promote multi-cohort aspen mixedwood forests in northern Minnesota, USA Forest Ecology and Management 266 148 159 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.023 Search in Google Scholar

Robinson, T.B., Martin, N., Loureiro, T.G., Matikinca, P., Robertson, M.P., 2020. Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions. NeoBiota 62, 463–487. RobinsonT.B. MartinN. LoureiroT.G. MatikincaP. RobertsonM.P. 2020 Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions NeoBiota 62 463 487 10.3897/neobiota.62.55729 Search in Google Scholar

Schebeck, M., Dobart, N., Ragland, G.J., Schopf, A., Stauffer, C., 2022. Facultative and obligate diapause phenotypes in populations of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Journal of Pest Science 95, 889–899. SchebeckM. DobartN. RaglandG.J. SchopfA. StaufferC. 2022 Facultative and obligate diapause phenotypes in populations of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus Journal of Pest Science 95 889 899 10.1007/s10340-021-01416-w886081435221845 Search in Google Scholar

Schimitschek, E., 1969. Grundzüge der Waldhygiene. Wege zur ökologischen Regelung. Ein Leitfaden. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin. SchimitschekE. 1969 Grundzüge der Waldhygiene. Wege zur ökologischen Regelung. Ein Leitfaden Verlag Paul Parey Hamburg und Berlin Search in Google Scholar

Schopf, A., Schebeck, M., Kirisits, T., 2019. Biologie des Buchdruckers. In: Hoch, G., Schopf, A., Weizer, G. (Eds.) Der Buchdrucker – Biologie, Ökologie, Management. Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald, Wien, p. 9–56. SchopfA. SchebeckM. KirisitsT. 2019 Biologie des Buchdruckers In: HochG. SchopfA. WeizerG. (Eds.) Der Buchdrucker – Biologie, Ökologie, Management Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald Wien 9 56 Search in Google Scholar

Seidl, R., Fernandes, P.M., Fonseca, T.F., Gillet, F., Jönsson, A.M., Merganicova, K., Netherer, S., Arpaci, A., Bontemps, J.D., Bugmann, H., Gonzalez-Olabarria, J.R., Lasch, P., Meredieu, C., Moreira, F., Schelhaas, M.J., Mohren, F., 2011. Modelling natural disturbances in forest ecosystems: a review. Ecological Modelling 222, 903–924. SeidlR. FernandesP.M. FonsecaT.F. GilletF. JönssonA.M. MerganicovaK. NethererS. ArpaciA. BontempsJ.D. BugmannH. Gonzalez-OlabarriaJ.R. LaschP. MeredieuC. MoreiraF. SchelhaasM.J. MohrenF. 2011 Modelling natural disturbances in forest ecosystems: a review Ecological Modelling 222 903 924 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.040 Search in Google Scholar

Seidl, R., Schelhaas, M.J., Rammer, W., Verkerk, P.J., 2014. Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage. Nature Climate Change 4, 806–810. SeidlR. SchelhaasM.J. RammerW. VerkerkP.J. 2014 Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage Nature Climate Change 4 806 810 10.1038/nclimate2318434056725737744 Search in Google Scholar

Seidl, R., Netherer, S., Thaler, T., 2019. Risikomanagement im Kontext von Störungen. In: Wohlgemuth, T., Jentsch, A., Seidl, R. (Eds.), Störungsökologie. UTB, Bern, p 337–354. SeidlR. NethererS. ThalerT. 2019 Risikomanagement im Kontext von Störungen In: WohlgemuthT. JentschA. SeidlR. (Eds.), Störungsökologie UTB Bern 337 354 10.36198/9783838550183 Search in Google Scholar

Shore, T.L., Safranyik, L., Lemieux, J.P., 2000. Susceptibility of lodgepole pine stands to the mountain pine beetle: testing of a rating system. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, 44–49. ShoreT.L. SafranyikL. LemieuxJ.P. 2000 Susceptibility of lodgepole pine stands to the mountain pine beetle: testing of a rating system Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30 44 49 10.1139/x99-182 Search in Google Scholar

Six, D.L., Wingfield, B.D., 2011. The role of phytopathogenicity in bark beetle–fungus symbioses: A challenge to the classic paradigm. Annual Review of Entomology 56, 255–272. SixD.L. WingfieldB.D. 2011 The role of phytopathogenicity in bark beetle–fungus symbioses: A challenge to the classic paradigm Annual Review of Entomology 56 255 272 10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-14483920822444 Search in Google Scholar

Sommerfeld, A., Senf, C., Buma, B., D’Amato, A.W., Després, T., Díaz-Hormazábal, I., Fraver, S., Frelich, L.E., Gutiérrez, Á.I.G., Hart, S.J., Harvey, B.J., He, H.S., Hlásny, T., Holz, A., Kitzberger, T., Kulakowski, D., Lindenmayer, D., Mori, A.S., Müller, J., Paritsis, J., Perry, G.L.W., Stephens, S.L., Svoboda, M., Turner, M.G., Veblen, T.T., Seidl, R., 2018. Patterns and drivers of recent disturbances across the temperate forest biome. Nature Communications 9, 4355. SommerfeldA. SenfC. BumaB. D’AmatoA.W. DesprésT. Díaz-HormazábalI. FraverS. FrelichL.E. GutiérrezÁ.I.G. HartS.J. HarveyB.J. HeH.S. HlásnyT. HolzA. KitzbergerT. KulakowskiD. LindenmayerD. MoriA.S. MüllerJ. ParitsisJ. PerryG.L.W. StephensS.L. SvobodaM. TurnerM.G. VeblenT.T. SeidlR. 2018 Patterns and drivers of recent disturbances across the temperate forest biome Nature Communications 9 4355 10.1038/s41467-018-06788-9619556130341309 Search in Google Scholar

Speight, M.R., Wainhouse, D., 1989. Ecology and management of forest insects. Clarendon Press, Oxford. SpeightM.R. WainhouseD. 1989 Ecology and management of forest insects Clarendon Press Oxford Search in Google Scholar

Tausz, M., Wonisch, A., Peters, J., Jiménez, M.S., Morales, D., Grill, D., 2001. Short-term changes in free radical scavengers and chloroplast pigments in Pinus canariensis needles as affected by mild drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 158, 213–219. TauszM. WonischA. PetersJ. JiménezM.S. MoralesD. GrillD. 2001 Short-term changes in free radical scavengers and chloroplast pigments in Pinus canariensis needles as affected by mild drought stress Journal of Plant Physiology 158 213 219 10.1078/0176-1617-00178 Search in Google Scholar

Turner, M.G., 2010. Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world. Ecology 91, 2833–2849. TurnerM.G. 2010 Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world Ecology 91 2833 2849 10.1890/10-0097.121058545 Search in Google Scholar

Veteli, T.O., Lahtinen, A., Repo, T., Niemelä, P., Varama, M., 2005. Geographic variation in winter freezing susceptibility in the eggs of the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer). Agricultural and Forest Entomology 7, 115–120. VeteliT.O. LahtinenA. RepoT. NiemeläP. VaramaM. 2005 Geographic variation in winter freezing susceptibility in the eggs of the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) Agricultural and Forest Entomology 7 115 120 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00259.x Search in Google Scholar

Wermelinger, B., 2004. Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus - a review of recent research. Forest Ecology and Management 202, 67–82. WermelingerB. 2004 Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus - a review of recent research Forest Ecology and Management 202 67 82 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.018 Search in Google Scholar

Wermelinger, B., Seifert, M., 1998. Analysis of the temperature dependent development of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col, Scolytidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 122, 185–191. WermelingerB. SeifertM. 1998 Analysis of the temperature dependent development of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col, Scolytidae) Journal of Applied Entomology 122 185 191 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1998.tb01482.x Search in Google Scholar

Wermelinger, B., Seifert, M., 1999. Temperature-dependent reproduction of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, and analysis of the potential population growth. Ecological Entomology 24, 103–110. WermelingerB. SeifertM. 1999 Temperature-dependent reproduction of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, and analysis of the potential population growth Ecological Entomology 24 103 110 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00175.x Search in Google Scholar

Winter, M.B., Baier, R., Ammer, C., 2015. Regeneration dynamics and resilience of unmanaged mountain forests in the Northern Limestone Alps following bark beetle-induced spruce dieback. European Journal of Forest Research 134, 949–968. WinterM.B. BaierR. AmmerC. 2015 Regeneration dynamics and resilience of unmanaged mountain forests in the Northern Limestone Alps following bark beetle-induced spruce dieback European Journal of Forest Research 134 949 968 10.1007/s10342-015-0901-3 Search in Google Scholar

Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R., Hüttermann, A., 1998. Heterobasidion annosum. Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, Cambridge. WoodwardS. StenlidJ. KarjalainenR. HüttermannA. 1998 Heterobasidion annosum. Biology, ecology, impact and control CAB International Cambridge Search in Google Scholar