The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Polymorphisms	Genotypes	T2DM	MetS	HC
ACE I/D (rs4646994)	DD	44	25	31
	ID	49	35	61
	II	27	15	28
ATR1 A1166C (rs5186)	AA	70	43	65
	AC	38	31	44
	CC	12	1	11
eNOS VNTR 4a/b (rs1799983)	bb	90	52	82
	ba	26	23	36
	aa	4	0	2
OXTR A>G (rs53576)	GG	59	31	42
	GA	47	34	49
	AA	14	10	29
SOD1 +35A/C (rs2234694)	AA	27	13	33
	AC	62	44	51
	CC	31	18	36
CAT-21A/T (rs7943316)	AA	104	71	118
	AT	15	4	2
	TT	1	0	0

Parameters	T2DM	MetS	HC
Number of subjects	120	75	120
Age^d	54.00 (51–56) ^a	55.00 (54–58)	NA
Ageⁱ	58 (54.5–59) ^{a, b}	59 (57–61) ^b	55 (53–59)
BMI^d	32.99 (29.41–35.22)	33.66 (29.74–35.29)	NA
BMIⁱ	30.95 (27.97–33.07)^a,b	32.83 (28.8–33.74) ^b	24.55 (23.71–27.74)
Glycemiaⁱ (mg/dl)	113.5 (102.5–123) ^a,b	109 (98–116)	98 (93–104.5)
Obesity^d	68	54	0
Hypertension	37	50	0
Hyperglycemia^d (≥110 mg/dl)	120	33	0
HDL cholesterol^d (<40 mg/dl)	39	55	12
Triglycerides^d (≥150 mg/dl)	48	63	8
Strokeⁱ	10	9	0
Coronary heart diseasesⁱ	9	6	0
Sexual dysfunctionsⁱ (yes/ no/ refused to respond)	17/80/23	10/47/18	12/91/17
Subjects with offspring	45	25	100
Smokersⁱ	19	42	57
Alcohol consumersⁱ	43	28	27

Groups compared	Genetic variants	Distribution	O.R., 95% CI, p value
T2DM vs HC	SOD1 AA	104/16 vs 118/2	0.11, 0.03 – 0.49, 0.0006
T2DM vs HC	ACE I and OXTR A	32/88 vs 58/62	0.39, 0.23 – 0.67, 0.0005
T2DM with triglycerides level <150 mg/dl vs HC	SOD1 AA	60/12 vs 110/2	0.09, 0.02 – 0.42, 0.0002
T2DM with triglycerides level <150 mg/dl vs HC	SOD1 AC	11/61 vs 2/110	9.92, 2.13 – 46.21, 0.0005
T2DM with HDL level > 40 mg/dl vs HC	SOD1 AA	67/14 vs 106/2	0.09, 0.02 – 0.41, 0.0002
T2DM with HDL level > 40 mg/dl vs HC	SOD1 AC	13/68 vs 2/106	10.13, 2.22 – 46.31, 0.0004
T2DM with hypertension vs HC	ACE DD	21/16 vs 31/89	3.77, 1.75 – 8.12, 0.0005
T2DM alcohol drinkers vs T2DM non-drinkers	ACE DD	30/13 vs 14/63	10.38, 4.35 – 24.82, <0.0001
	ACE DD and eNOS bb	25/18 vs 10/67	9.31, 3.79 – 22.87, <0.0001
	ACE DD and OXTR1 G	26/17 vs 12/65	8.28, 3.48 – 19.73, <0.0001