Considerations on the Accuracy and Precision of Machine Tools: A Review

CNC machine tools are essential in determining the quality of machined components and improving the manufacturing process. This article discusses geometric errors, structural rigidity, thermal effects, motion accuracy, 2D and 3D trajectories and motion precision. Modern solutions such as automatic spindle calibration, error compensation through advanced algorithms, adaptive control and the use of intelligent sensors are presented in this article. The need for a general approach, vibration tuning and dynamic error compensation is emphasised in the paper. The results show that artificial intelligence and advanced control technologies can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of CNC machines, enabling the production of high quality parts. This is due to the stringent requirements of the industry. In addition, the analysis highlights that optimisation of positioning systems and real-time monitoring can significantly reduce machining inaccuracies. These solutions can improve the effectiveness of CNC machines, resulting in reduced production costs and increased process efficiency.