This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ABD EL-GHANY W.A., 2024 - Potential effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on the performance, immunity, gut health, antioxidant status, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of poultry: an updated comprehensive review. Animals 14, 498.Search in Google Scholar
ANADÓN A., 2006 - The UE ban of antibiotics as feed additives. Alternatives and consumer safety. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 29, 41-44.Search in Google Scholar
AOAC, 2007 - Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC, 18th ed.; Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Arlington, VA, USA.Search in Google Scholar
ATTIA Y.F., AL-HARTHI M.A., KORISH M.A., SHIBOOB M.M., 2017 - Fatty acid and cholesterol profiles, hypocholesterolemic, atherogenic, and thrombogenic indices of broiler meat in the retail market. Lipids in Health and Disease 16, 40.Search in Google Scholar
AYRLE H., MEVISSEN M., KASKE M., NATHUES H., GRUETZNER N., MELZIG M., WALKENHORST M., 2016 - Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research 12, 89.Search in Google Scholar
BHATT N., 2015 - Herbs and herbal supplements. a novel nutritional approach in animal nutrition. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 5, 497-516.Search in Google Scholar
BOCATE K.P., EVANGELISTA A.G., LUCIANO F.B., 2021 - Garlic essential oil as an antifungal and anti-mycotoxin agent in stored corn. LWT - Food Science and Technology 147, 1-7.Search in Google Scholar
CHEN J., WANG F., YIN Y., MA X., 2021 - The nutritional applications of garlic (Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals. PeerJ 9, e11934. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11934Search in Google Scholar
CHEN K., NAKASONE Y., XIE K., SAKAO K., HOU D-X., 2020 - Modulation of allicin-free garlic on gut microbiome. Molecules 25, 682.Search in Google Scholar
CHENG B., HUANG M., ZHOU T., DENG Q., WASSIE T., WU T., WU X., 2023 - Garlic essential oil supplementation modulates colonic microbiota compositions and regulates immune response in weaned piglets. Heliyon 9, e18729.Search in Google Scholar
CULLEN S.P., MONAHAN F.J., CALLAN J.J., O’DOHERTY J.V., 2005 - The effect of dietary garlic and rosemary on growing-finisher pig performance and sensory characteristics of pork. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 44, 57-67.Search in Google Scholar
CZECH A., GRELA E.R., KLEBANIUK R., OGNIK K., SAMOLIŃSKA, W., 2018 - Polish crossbred pigs’ blood haematological parameters depending on their age and physiological state. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Animal Science 56, 185-195.Search in Google Scholar
EL-GHOUSEIN S.S., AL-BEITAWI N.A., 2009 - The effect of feeding of crushed thyme (Thymus valgaris L) on growth, blood constituents, gastrointestinal tract and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science 46, 100-104.Search in Google Scholar
ELSON C.E., 1995 - Suppression of mevalonate pathway activities by dietary isoprenoids: Protective roles in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Nutrition 125, 1666-1672.Search in Google Scholar
GHAENI M., GHAHFAROKHI K.N., ZAHERI L., 2013 - Fatty acids profile, atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indices in Leiognathusbindus and Upeneussulphureus. Journal of Marine Science: Research and Development 138, 1-3.Search in Google Scholar
GHEISAR M.M., KIM I.H., 2018 - Phytobiotics in poultry and swine nutrition-a review. Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, 92-99.Search in Google Scholar
GRAU R., HAMM R., 1952 - Eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung der Wasserbindung in Fleisch. Fleischwirtschaft 4, 295-297.Search in Google Scholar
GRELA E.R., PIETRZAK K., SOBOLEWSKA S., WITKOWSKI P., 2013 - Effect of inulin and garlic supplementation in pig diets. Annals of Animal Science 13, 63-71.Search in Google Scholar
GÜMÜS G.R., ERCAN N., IMIK H., 2017 - The effect of thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris) added to quail diets on performance, some blood parameters, and the antioxidative metabolism of the serum and liver tissues. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola 19, 297-304.Search in Google Scholar
HARO-GONZÁLEZ J.N., CASTILLO-HERRERO G.A., MARTINEZ-VELÁZQUEZ M., ESPINOSA-ANDREWS H., 2021 - Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules 26, 6387.Search in Google Scholar
HUANG C., CHEN D., TIAN G., HE J., ZHENG P., YU J., MAO X., HUANG Z., YAN H., WANG Q., WANG H., YU B., 2022 - Effects of dietary plant essential oil supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 106, 1246-1257.Search in Google Scholar
ISMAIL I.E., ALAGWANY M., TAHA A.E., PUVAČA N., LAUDADIO V., TUFARELLI V., 2021 -Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic powder and phenyl acetic acid on productive performance, blood haematology, immunity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. Animal Bioscience 34, 363.Search in Google Scholar
ISO 5509:2000., 2000 - Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids; Polish Standard Method PN-EN ISO; ISO: Geneva, Switzerland.Search in Google Scholar
JOHNSON N.C., IORLIAM B., 2020 - Effects of graded level of Garlic on some blood parameters of growing pigs. International Journal of Advanced Research 4, 131-136.Search in Google Scholar
KAJIYA K., ARINO M., KOSHIO A., MINAMI Y., 2023 - Composition and taste of beef, pork, and duck meat and bioregulatory functions of imidazole dipeptides in meat. Scientific Reports 13, 2125.Search in Google Scholar
KHAKSAR V., KRIMPEN M.V., HASHEMIPOUR H., PILEVAR M., 2012 - Effects of thyme essential oil on performance, some blood parameters and ileal microflora of Japanese quail. The Journal of Poultry Science 49, 106-110.Search in Google Scholar
KICZOROWSKA B., SAMOLIŃSKA W., AL-YASIRY A.R.M., KICZOROWSKI P., WINIARSKAMIECZAN A., 2017 - The natural feed additives as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition–a review. Annals of Animal Science 17, 605-625.Search in Google Scholar
KLIMIUK K., SEMBRATOWICZ I., TUTAJ K., CZECH A., 2023 - Effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) used in diets with extruded flaxseed on the antioxidant and lipid profile of the blood and tissues of fattening pigs. Antioxidants 12, 1045.Search in Google Scholar
KOSTADINOVIĆ L., LEVIĆ J., 2018 - Effects of phytoadditives in poultry and pigs diseases. Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management 1, 1-7.Search in Google Scholar
KURALKAR P., KURALKAR S.V., 2021 - Role of herbal products in animal production – an updated review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 278, 114246.Search in Google Scholar
LAWRENCE R., LAWRENCE K., 2011 - Antioxidant activity of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) grown in north Indian plains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1, 51-54.Search in Google Scholar
ŁUKASIEWICZ M., PUPPEL K., KUCZYŃSKA B., KAMASZEWSKI M., NIEMIEC J., 2015 - ß-alanine as a factor influencing the content of bioactive dipeptides in muscles of Hubbard Flex chickens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95, 2562-2565.Search in Google Scholar
MAKAŁA H., 2022 - Herbs and phytogenic feed additives in poultry nutrition. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 78, 11-18.Search in Google Scholar
MARCO-RAMELL A., ARROYO L., PEÑA R., PATO R., SACO Y., FRAILE L., BASSOLS A., 2016 - Biochemical and proteomic analyses of the physiological response induced by individual housing in gilts provide new potential stress markers. BMC Veterinary Research 12, 265.Search in Google Scholar
MORDENTI A., MARTELLI G., BROGNA N., NANNONI E., VIGNOLA G., ZAGHINI G., SARDI L., 2012 - Effects of a soybean-free diet supplied to Italian heavy pigs on fattening performance. and meat and dry-cured ham quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science 80, 459-465.Search in Google Scholar
MUCHA W., WITKOWSKA D., 2021 - The applicability of essential oils in different stages of production of animal-based foods. Molecules 26, 3798.Search in Google Scholar
NOWAK K., OGONOWSKI J., JAWORSKA M., GRZESIK K., 2012 - Clove oil - properties and uses. Chemik 66, 145-152.Search in Google Scholar
OANH N.C., LAM T.Q., TIEN, N.D., HORNICK J.L., TON V.D., 2021 - Effects of medicinal plants mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal microbiota in growing pigs. Veterinary World 14, 1894.Search in Google Scholar
OLKOWSKI B., TURYK Z., MILCZAREK A., OSEK M., 2019 - Impact of roughages and herbs in diets for pigs on quality of fat in meat and backfat. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 19, 431-441.Search in Google Scholar
OMOJOLA A.B., FAGBUARO S.S., AYENI A.A., 2009 - Cholesterol content, physical and sensory properties of pork from pigs fed varying levels of dietary garlic (Allium sativum). World Applied Sciences Journal 6, 971-975.Search in Google Scholar
OMONIJO F.A., NI L., GONG J., WANG Q., LAHAYE L., YANG C., 2018 - Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production. Animal Nutrition 4, 126-136.Search in Google Scholar
ONYIMONYI A.E., OMEJE M.U., 2013 - Bioevaluation of garlic on growth, haematological and serum characteristics of growing pigs. African Journal of Biotechnology 12, 4039-4043.Search in Google Scholar
Ordinance of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of February 15, 2010, on the requirements and procedures for the maintenance of livestock species for which the standards of protection have been established by European Union regulations. Official Gazette No. 56 item 344.Search in Google Scholar
PN-A 82109., 2010 - Meat and meat products. Determination of contents of fat, protein, and water. In Near Infrared Transmission (NIT) Spectrometry Using Calibration on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); PCS: Warsaw, Poland.Search in Google Scholar
POHJA N.S., NINIVAARA F.P., 1957 - Die Estimmung der Wasserbindung des Fleisches mittels der Konstandruckmethods. Fleischwirtschaft 9, 193-195.Search in Google Scholar
PRASOW M., DOMARADZKI P., LITWIŃCZUK A., KOWALCZYK M., 2019 - Bioactive compounds in meat and their importance in human nutrition. Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu 25, 170-180.Search in Google Scholar
PRAVST I., ŽMITEK K., ŽMITEK J., 2010 - Coenzyme Q10 contents in foods and fortification strategies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 50, 269-280.Search in Google Scholar
PUPPEL K., KUCZYŃSKA B., NAŁĘCZ-TARWACKA T., GRODZKI H., 2013 - Influence of linseed variety on fatty acid profile in cow’s milk. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93, 2276-2280.Search in Google Scholar
PURCHAS R.W., RUTHERFURD S.M., PEARCE P.D., VATHER R., WILKINSON B.H.P., 2004 - Concentrations in beef and lamb of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q10 and creatine. Meat Science 66, 629-637.Search in Google Scholar
RABELO-RUIZ M., TESO-PÉREZ C., PERALTA-SÁNCHEZ J.M., ARIZA J.J., MARTÍNPLATERO A.M., CASABUENA-RINCÓN Ó., VÁZQUEZ-CHAS P., GUILLAMÓN E., AGUINAGA-CASAÑAS M.A., MAQUEDA M., VALDIVIA E., BAÑOS A., MARTÍNEZ-BUENO M., 2021 - Allium extract implements weaned piglet’s productive parameters by modulating distal gut microbiota. Antibiotics 10, 269.Search in Google Scholar
RADZIKOWSKI D., MILCZAREK A., 2021 - Selected feed additives used in pig nutrition. Journal of Central European Agriculture 22, 54-65.Search in Google Scholar
RADZIKOWSKI D., MILCZAREK A., 2022 - Efficiency of herbs and botanicals in pig feeding. Animal Science and Genetics 18, 73-87.Search in Google Scholar
ROGOSIC J., SARIC T., ZUPAN I., 2015 - Effect of Achillea Millefolium L. and Matricaria Chamomilla L. on Consumption of Juniperus Oxycedrus L. and J. Phoenicea L. by Goats. Annals of Animal Science 15, 119-127.Search in Google Scholar
SAMOLIŃSKA W., GRELA E.R., KOWALCZUK-VASILEV E., KICZOROWSKA B., KLEBANIUK R., HANCZAKOWSKA E., 2020 - Evaluation of garlic and dandelion supplementation on the growth performance. carcass traits. and fatty acid composition of growing-finishing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 259, 114316.Search in Google Scholar
SÁNCHEZ C.J., MARTÍNEZ-MIRÓ S., ARIZA J.J., MADRID J., ORENGO J., AGUINAGA M.A., BAÑOS A., HERNÁNDEZ F., 2020 - Effect of Alliaceae extract supplementation on performance and intestinal microbiota of growing-finishing pig. Animals 10, 1557.Search in Google Scholar
SEIRAFY H., SOBHANIRAD S., 2017 - Effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oils on growth performance and blood parameters in Holstein suckling calves. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 7, 585-593.Search in Google Scholar
SHAO Y., PENG Q., WU Y., PENG CH., WANG S., ZOU L., QI M., PENG C., LIU H., LI R., XIONG X., YIN Y., 2023 - The effect of an essential oil blend on growth performance, intestinal health, and microbiota in early-weaned piglets. Nutrients 15, 450.Search in Google Scholar
SOŃTA M., ŁUKASIEWICZ-MIERZEJEWSKA M., PUPPEL K., REKIEL A., WIĘCEK J., BATORSKA M., 2022 - Influence of raw pea (Pisum sativum) or blue lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) on the level of selected bioactive substances in pork meat. Annals of Animal Science 22, 701-709.Search in Google Scholar
SU G., ZHOU H., WANG Y., CHEN D., CHEN G., LI Y., HE J., 2018 - Effects of plant essential oil supplementation on growth performance, immune function and antioxidant activities in weaned pigs. Lipids in Health and Disease 19, 139.Search in Google Scholar
TSIPLAKOU E., PITINO R., MANUELIAN C.L., SIMONI M., MITSIOPOULOU CH., DE MARCHI M., RIGHI F., 2021 - Plant feed additives as natural alternatives to the use of synthetic antioxidant vitamins in livestock animal products yield, quality, and oxidative status: a review. Antioxidants 10, 780.Search in Google Scholar
ULBRICHT T.L.V., SOUTHGATE D.A.T., 1991 - Coronary heart disease seven dietary factors. Lancet 33, 985-992.Search in Google Scholar
VAN DER AAR P.J., MOLIST F.V., VAN DER KLIS J.D., 2017 - The central role of intestinal health on the effect of feed additives on feed intake in swine and poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology 233, 64-75.Search in Google Scholar
VAOU N., STAVROPOULOU E., VOIDAROU CH., TSAKRIS Z., ROZOS G., TSIGALOI CH., BEZIRTZOGLOU E., 2022 - Interactions between medical plant-derived bioactive compounds: focus on antimicrobial combination effects. Antibiotics 11, 1014.Search in Google Scholar
WEN-CHAO L., YUN H.M., PI S.H., KIM I.H., 2017 - Supplementing lactation diets with herbal extract mixture during summer improves the performance of sows and nursing piglets. Annals of Animal Science 17, 835-847.Search in Google Scholar
WINNICKA A., 2021 - Reference Values of Basic Laboratory Tests in Veterinary, 5th ed.; Pub. SGGW: Warsaw, Poland, p. 118. In Polish.Search in Google Scholar
WOOD J.D., ENSER M., FISHER A.V., NUTE G.R., SHEARD P.R., RICHARDSON R.I., HUGHES S.I. WHITTINGTON F.M., 2008 - Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Science 78, 343-358.Search in Google Scholar
YU Q.P., FENG D.Y., XIA M.H., HE X.J., LIU Y.H., TAN H.Z., OU H.X., ZHENG T., CAO T., WU X.J., ZHENG X.Q., WU F., ZUO J.J., 2017 - Effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of finishing pigs. Livestock Science 202, 135-142.Search in Google Scholar