Open Access

Morphometric and meristic characters of cultured and wild carp, Cyprinus carpio L., populations (southern Iraq)


Cite

Abbott, J. C., Dill, L. M. (1985). Patterns of aggressive attack in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(11), 1702-1706.10.1139/f85-213 Search in Google Scholar

Aleev, Y. G. (1969). Function and gross morphology in fish. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 268 pp. Search in Google Scholar

Allendorf, F. W. (1988). Conservation biology of fishes. Conservation Biology, 2(2), 145-148.10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00165.x Search in Google Scholar

Allendorf, F. W., Phelps, S. R. (1980). Loss of genetic variation in a hatchery stock of cutthroat trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 109(5), 537-543.10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109<537:LOGVIA>2.0.CO;2 Search in Google Scholar

Arechavala-Lopez, P., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J. T., Sfakianakis, D. G., Somarakis, S. (2012). Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish. Hydrobiologia, 679(1), 217-231.10.1007/s10750-011-0886-y Search in Google Scholar

Barriga-Sosa, I. D. L. A., Jiménez-Badillo, M. D. L., Ibanez, A. L., Arredondo-Figueroa, J. L. (2004). Variability of tilapias (Oreochromis spp.) introduced in Mexico: morphometric, meristic and genetic characters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20(1), 7-14. Search in Google Scholar

Boglione, C., Costa, C., Di Dato, P., Ferzini, G., Scardi, M., Cataudella, S. (2003). Skeletal quality assessment of reared and wild sharpsnout sea bream and pandora juveniles. Aquaculture, 227(1-4), 373-394.10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00515-5 Search in Google Scholar

Bosakowski, T., Wagner, E. J. (1994). Assessment of fin erosion by comparison of relative fin length in hatchery and wild trout in Utah. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(3), 636-641.10.1139/f94-064 Search in Google Scholar

Bostock, J., McAndrew, B., Richards, R., Jauncey, K., Telfer, T., Lorenzen, K., Little, D., Ross, L., Handisyde, N., Gatward, I., Corner, R. (2010). Aquaculture: global status and trends. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 2897-2912. Search in Google Scholar

Brönmark, C., Pettersson, L. B. (1994). Chemical cues from piscivores induce a change in morphology in crucian carp. Oikos, 396-402.10.2307/3545777 Search in Google Scholar

Cadrin, S. X. (2000). Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fish-eries, 10(1), 91-112.10.1023/A:1008939104413 Search in Google Scholar

Currens, K. P., Sharpe, C. S., Hjort, R., Schreck, C. B., Li, H. W. (1989). Effects of different feeding regimes on the morphometrics of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Copeia, 689-695.10.2307/1445496 Search in Google Scholar

Davidson, K., Roff, J. C., Elner, R. W. (1985). Morphological, electrophoretic and fecundity characteristics of Atlantic snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, and implications for fisheries management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(3), 474-482.10.1139/f85-064 Search in Google Scholar

Doyle, R. W., Shackel, N. L., Basiao, Z., Uraiwan, S., Matricia, T., Talbot, A. J. (1991). Selective diversification of aquaculture stocks: a proposal for economically sustainable genetic conservation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(Suppl. 1), 148-154.10.1139/f91-313 Search in Google Scholar

Einum, S., Fleming, I. A. (1997). Genetic divergence and interactions in the wild among native, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology, 50(3), 634-651.10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01955.x Search in Google Scholar

FAO (2002). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Search in Google Scholar

FAO (2007). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2006. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Search in Google Scholar

Fleming, I. A. (1995). Reproductive success and the genetic threat of cultured fish to wild populations. In: Protection of aquatic biodiversity. Proceedings of the World Fish-eries Congress, Theme 3 (Ed.) D. P. Philipp, J. M. Epifanio, J. E. Marsden, J. E. Claussen, Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi, India: 117-135. Search in Google Scholar

Fleming, I. A., Jonsson, B., Gross, M. R. (1994). Phenotypic divergence of sea-ranched, farmed, and wild salmon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(12), 2808-2824.10.1139/f94-280 Search in Google Scholar

Fleming, I. A., Einum, S. (1997). Experimental tests of genetic divergence of farmed from wild Atlantic salmon due to domestication. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54(6), 1051-1063.10.1016/S1054-3139(97)80009-4 Search in Google Scholar

Fletcher, A. R., Morison, A. K., Hume, D. J. (1985). Effects of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., on communities of aquatic vegetation and turbidity of waterbodies in the lower Goulburn River basin. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36(3), 311-327. Search in Google Scholar

Foote, C. J., Moore, K., Stenberg, K., Craig, K. J., Wenburg, J. K., Wood, C. C. (1999). Genetic differentiation in gill raker number and length in sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous morphs of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 54(3), 263-274.10.1023/A:1007548807233 Search in Google Scholar

Gjedrem, T., Gjerde, B., Refstie, T. (1988). A review of quantitative genetic research in salmonids at Akvaforsk. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Ouantitative Genetics (Ed.) B. S. Weir. E. Jr Eisen, M. M. Good’man, G. Namkoong. Sinauer, Sunderland: 527-535. Search in Google Scholar

Gjerde, B. A., Schaeffer, L. R. (1989). Body traits in rainbow trout: II. Estimates of heritabilities and of phenotypic and genetic correlations. Aquaculture, 80(1-2), 25-44. Search in Google Scholar

Harris, J. H., Gehrke, P. C. (1997). Fish and rivers in stress. The NSW Rivers Survey. NSW Fisheries Office of Conservation and the Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology. Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. Search in Google Scholar

Hedgecock, D., Hutchinson, E. S., Li, G., Sly, F. L., Nelson, K. (1989). Genetic and morphometric variation in the Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caerulea: comparisons and contrasts with historical data and with variability in the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fishery Bulletin 87(3), 653-671. Search in Google Scholar

Jawad, L. A. (2003). Impact of environmental change on the freshwater fish fauna of Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60(6), 581-593.10.1080/0020723032000087934 Search in Google Scholar

Jawad, L. A. (2012). History of the study of the fish fauna of Iraq. Water Research and Management, 2(3), 11-20. Search in Google Scholar

Jawad, L. A. (2021). Tigris and Euphrates Rivers: Their Environment from Headwaters to Mouth. Springer Nature, Aquatic Ecology Series, Switzerland.10.1007/978-3-030-57570-0 Search in Google Scholar

Jawad, L. A., Ibáñez, A. L., Kiki, M., Gnohossou, P. (2020). Determination of body shape and meristic characters variations in wild and cultured populations of cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus, from the Republic of Benin, West of Africa. Fisheries & Aquatic Life, 28(3), 186-194.10.2478/aopf-2020-0022 Search in Google Scholar

Johnsson, J. I., Petersson, E., Jönsson, E., Björnsson, B. T., Järvi, T. (1996). Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth patterns in juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta. Canadian Journal of Fish-eries and Aquatic Sciences, 53(7), 1546-1554.10.1139/f96-090 Search in Google Scholar

Karaiskou, N., Triantafyllidis, A., Katsares, V., Abatzopoulos, T. J., Triantaphyllidis, C. (2009). Microsatellite variability of wild and farmed populations of Sparus aurata. Journal of Fish Biology, 74(8), 1816-1825.10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02186.x20735673 Search in Google Scholar

King, A. J., Robertson, A. I., Healey, M. R. (1997). Experimental manipulations of the biomass of introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) in billabongs. I. Impacts on water-column properties. Marine and Freshwater Research, 48(5), 435-443.10.1071/MF97031 Search in Google Scholar

Kinsey, S. T., Orsoy, T., Bert, T. M., Mahmoudi, B. (1994). Population structure of the Spanish sardine Sardinella aurita: natural morphological variation in a genetically homogeneous population. Marine Biology, 118(2), 309-317.10.1007/BF00349798 Search in Google Scholar

Lever, C. (1996). Naturalized Fishes of the World. Academic Press, London. Search in Google Scholar

Li, H. W., Moyle, P. B. (1993). Management of introduced fishes. In: Inland Fisheries Management in North America (Ed.) C. C. Kohler. W. A. Hubert, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda: 287-307. Search in Google Scholar

Lindsey, C. C. (1981). Stocks are chameleons: plasticity in gill rakers of coregonid fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(12), 1497-1506.10.1139/f81-202 Search in Google Scholar

Matsuoka, M. (1987). Development of skeletal tissue and skeletal muscle in the Red sea bream, Pagrus major. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 65, 1-114. Search in Google Scholar

Matthews, W. J., Robison, H. W. (1988). The distribution of the fishes of Arkansas: a multivariate analysis. Copeia, 358-374.10.2307/1445876 Search in Google Scholar

Metcalfe, N. B., Huntingford, F. A., Thorpe, J. E. (1988). Feeding intensity, growth rates, and the establishment of life-history patterns in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Journal of Animal Ecology, 463-474.10.2307/4918 Search in Google Scholar

Mojekwu, T. O., Anumudu, C. I. (2015). Advanced techniques for morphometric analysis in fish. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 6(8), 354. Search in Google Scholar

Nakaya, M., Fukunaga, K., Suzuki, S. (2013). Differences in body proportions between hatchery-reared-and wild Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Actinopterygii: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 43(1), 75-77.10.3750/AIP2013.43.1.11 Search in Google Scholar

Narváez, J. C., Acero, A., Blanco, J. (2005). Morphometric variation in naturalized and domesticated populations of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in northern Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 29(112), 383-394 (in Spanish). Search in Google Scholar

Økland, F., Jonsson, B., Jensen, A. J., Hansen, L. P. (1993). Is there a threshold size regulating seaward migration of brown trout and Atlantic salmon? Journal of Fish Biology, 42(4), 541-550.10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00358.x Search in Google Scholar

Olla, B. L., Davis, M. V., Ryder, C. H. (1994). Behavioural deficits in hatchery-reared fish: potential effects on survival following release. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 25 (Suppl. 1), 19-34. Search in Google Scholar

Patiyal, R. S., Mir, J. I., Sharma, R. C., Chandra, S., Mahanta, P. C. (2014). Pattern of meristic and morphometric variations between wild and captive stocks of endangered Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 84(1), 123-129.10.1007/s40011-013-0206-6 Search in Google Scholar

Roberts, J., Chick, A., Oswald, L., Thompson, P. (1995). Effect of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., an exotic benthivorous fish, on aquatic plants and water quality in experimental ponds. Marine and Freshwater Research, 46(8), 1171-1180. Search in Google Scholar

Robertson, A. I., Healey, M. R., King, A. J. (1997). Experimental manipulations of the biomass of introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) in billabongs. II. Impacts on benthic properties and processes. Marine and Freshwater Research, 48(5), 445-454. Search in Google Scholar

Ryman, N., Ståhl, G. (1980). Genetic changes in hatchery stocks of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(1), 82-87.10.1139/f80-008 Search in Google Scholar

Ryman, N., Lagercrantz, U., Andersson, L., Chakraborty, R., Rosenberg, R. (1984). Lack of correspondence between genetic and morphologic variability patterns in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Heredity, 53(3), 687-704.10.1038/hdy.1984.127 Search in Google Scholar

Šegviæ-Bubiæ, T., Talijančić, I., Grubišić, L., Izquierdo-Gomez, D., Kataviæ, I. (2014). Morphological and molecular differentiation of wild and farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: implications for management. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 6(1), 43-54.10.3354/aei00111 Search in Google Scholar

Sharp, J. J., Sargent, E. E., Schweitzer, P. A. (2002). Genetic monitoring. In: Laboratory Animal Medicine. 2nd edition (Ed.) J. G. Fox, L. C. Anderson, F. M. Loew, F. W. Quimby, Academic Press, San Diego: 1117-1127. Search in Google Scholar

Shepherd, G. (1991). Meristic and morphometric variation in black sea bass north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 11(2), 139-148.10.1577/1548-8675(1991)011<0139:MAMVIB>2.3.CO;2 Search in Google Scholar

Solomon, S. G., Okomoda, V. T., Ogbenyikwu, A. I. (2015). Intraspecific morphological variation between cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Clariidae, Siluriformes). Archives of Polish Fisheries, 23, 53-61.10.1515/aopf-2015-0006 Search in Google Scholar

Stearns, S. C. (1989). The evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity. Bioscience, 39(7), 436-445.10.2307/1311135 Search in Google Scholar

Swain, D. P., Foote, C. J. (1999). Stocks and chameleons: the use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fish-eries Research, 43(1-3), 113-128.10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00069-7 Search in Google Scholar

Swain, D. P., Riddell, B. E., Murray, C. B. (1991). Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(9), 1783-1791.10.1139/f91-210 Search in Google Scholar

Taylor, E. B. (1986). Differences in morphology between wild and hatchery populations of juvenile coho salmon. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 48(3), 171-176.10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48<171:DIMBWA>2.0.CO;2 Search in Google Scholar

Thompson, J. D. (1991). Phenotypic plasticity as a component of evolutionary change. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 6(8), 246-249.10.1016/0169-5347(91)90070-E Search in Google Scholar

Thorpe, J. E. (1986). Age at first maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar: freshwater period influences and conflicts with smolting. In: Salmonid age at maturity (Ed.) D.J. Meerburg, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 89, 7-14. Search in Google Scholar

Wainwright, P. C., Osenberg, C. W., Mittelbach, G. G. (1991). Trophic polymorphism in the pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus): effects of environment on ontogeny. Functional Ecology, 40-55.10.2307/2389554 Search in Google Scholar

West-Eberhard, M. J. (1989). Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 249-278.10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001341 Search in Google Scholar

Wimberger, P. H. (1992). Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 45(3), 197-218. Search in Google Scholar

Youngson, A. F., Martin, S. A. M., Jordan, W. C., Verspoor, E. (1991). Genetic protein variation in Atlantic salmon in Scotland: comparison of wild and farmed fish. Aquaculture, 98(1-3), 231-242.10.1016/0044-8486(91)90386-L Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2545-059X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Zoology, other