Orthodontic considerations for patients presenting with Goldenhar Syndrome: A long-term case report

1. Johns Hopkins University. Online Mendelian inheritance in man, OMIM. Numbers 164210; 141400. Available at: https://www.omim.org [Accessed January, 2023]. Johns Hopkins University . Online Mendelian inheritance in man, OMIM. Numbers 164210; 141400 . Available at: https://www. omim.org [Accessed January , 2023 ]. Search in Google Scholar

2. Poswillo D. The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;35(3):302–28. Poswillo D . The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973 ; 35 ( 3 ): 302 – 28 . Search in Google Scholar

3. Cohen MM Jr, Rollnick BR, Kaye CI. Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum: an updated critique. Cleft Palate J 1989;26(4):276–86. Cohen MM Jr Rollnick BR Kaye CI . Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum: an updated critique . Cleft Palate J 1989 ; 26 ( 4 ): 276 – 86 . Search in Google Scholar

4. Grabb WC. The first and second branchial arch syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 1965;36(5):485–508. Grabb WC . The first and second branchial arch syndrome . Plast Reconstr Surg 1965 ; 36 ( 5 ): 485 – 508 . Search in Google Scholar

5. Hennekam RC, Krantz ID, Allanson JE. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (hemifacial microsomia, Goldenhar syndrome). In: Hennekam RCM, Allanson JE, Krantz ID, Gorlin RJ, eds. Gorlin’s syndromes of the head and neck. New York: Oxford university press, 2010: 879–86. Hennekam RC Krantz ID Allanson JE . Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (hemifacial microsomia, Goldenhar syndrome) . In: Hennekam RCM Allanson JE Krantz ID Gorlin RJ , eds. Gorlin’s syndromes of the head and neck . New York : Oxford university press , 2010 : 879 – 86 . Search in Google Scholar

6. Kaye CI, Martin AO, Rollnick BR, Nagatoshi K, Israel J, Hermanoff M, et al. Oculoauriculovertebral anomaly: segregation analysis. Am J Med Genet 1992;43(6):913–7. Kaye CI Martin AO Rollnick BR Nagatoshi K Israel J Hermanoff M et al . Oculoauriculovertebral anomaly: segregation analysis . Am J Med Genet 1992 ; 43 ( 6 ): 913 – 7 . Search in Google Scholar

7. Hartsfield JK. Review of the etiologic heterogeneity of the oculo- auriculo-vertebral spectrum (Hemifacial Microsomia). Orthod Craniofac Res 2007;10(3):121–8. Hartsfield JK . Review of the etiologic heterogeneity of the oculo- auriculo-vertebral spectrum (Hemifacial Microsomia) . Orthod Craniofac Res 2007 ; 10 ( 3 ): 121 – 8 . Search in Google Scholar

8. Stromland K, Miller M, Sjogreen L, Johansson M, Joelsson BM, Billstedt E, et al. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: associated anomalies, functional deficits and possible developmental risk factors. Am J Med Genet A 2007;143A(12):1317–25. Stromland K Miller M Sjogreen L Johansson M Joelsson BM Billstedt E . Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: associated anomalies, functional deficits and possible developmental risk factors . Am J Med Genet A 2007 ; 143A ( 12 ): 1317 – 25 . Search in Google Scholar

9. David DJ, Mahatumarat C, Cooter RD. Hemifacial microsomia: a multisystem classification. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;80:525–35. David DJ Mahatumarat C Cooter RD . Hemifacial microsomia: a multisystem classification . Plast Reconstr Surg 1987 ; 80 : 525 – 35 . Search in Google Scholar

10. Vento A, LaBrie R, Mulliken J. The OMENS classification of hemifacial microsomia. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1991;28:68–77. Vento A LaBrie R Mulliken J . The OMENS classification of hemifacial microsomia . Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1991 ; 28 : 68 – 77 . Search in Google Scholar

11. Kaban LB, Padwa BL, Mulliken JB. Surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia in hemifacial microsomia: the case for treatment in early childhood. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;56:628–38 Kaban LB Padwa BL Mulliken JB . Surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia in hemifacial microsomia: the case for treatment in early childhood . J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998 ; 56 : 628 – 38 Search in Google Scholar

12. Pruzansky S. Not all dwarfed mandibles are alike. Birth Defects 1969;4:120–9. Pruzansky S . Not all dwarfed mandibles are alike . Birth Defects 1969 ; 4 : 120 – 9 . Search in Google Scholar

13. Ohtani J, Hoffman WY, Vargervi K, Oberoi S. Team management and treatment outcomes for patients with hemifacial microsomia. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141(4): S74–81. Ohtani J Hoffman WY Vargervi K Oberoi S . Team management and treatment outcomes for patients with hemifacial microsomia . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012 ; 141 ( 4 ): S74 – 81 . Search in Google Scholar

14. Wallace ER, Collett BR, Heike CL, Werler MM, Speltz ML. Behavioral-social adjustment of adolescents with craniofacial microsomia. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018;55(5):664–75. Wallace ER Collett BR Heike CL Werler MM Speltz ML . Behavioral-social adjustment of adolescents with craniofacial microsomia . Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018 ; 55 ( 5 ): 664 – 75 . Search in Google Scholar

15. Ongkosuwito EM, van Vooren J, van Neck JW, Wattel W, van Adrichem LN, et al. Changes of mandibular ramal height, during growth in unilateral hemifacial microsomia patients and unaffected controls. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013;41:92–7. Ongkosuwito EM van Vooren J van Neck JW Wattel W van Adrichem LN . Changes of mandibular ramal height, during growth in unilateral hemifacial microsomia patients and unaffected controls . J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013 ; 41 : 92 – 7 . Search in Google Scholar

16. Gibson C, Mubeen S, Evans R. Craniofacial microsomia: Management and outcomes Part 2. Ortho Update 2022;15:183–92. Gibson C Mubeen S Evans R . Craniofacial microsomia: Management and outcomes Part 2 . Ortho Update 2022 ; 15 : 183 – 92 . Search in Google Scholar

17. Heggie AA, Kumar R, Shand JM. The role of distraction osteogenesis in the management of craniofacial syndromes. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2013;3:4–10. Heggie AA Kumar R Shand JM . The role of distraction osteogenesis in the management of craniofacial syndromes . Ann Maxillofac Surg 2013 ; 3 : 4 – 10 . Search in Google Scholar

18. Pluijmers BI, van de Lande LS, Caron CJJM, Wolvius E, Dunway DJ, et al. Part 2: is the maxillary canting and its surgical correction in patients with CFM correlated to the mandibular deformity? J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018;46(9):1436–40. Pluijmers BI van de Lande LS Caron CJJM Wolvius E Dunway DJ . Part 2: is the maxillary canting and its surgical correction in patients with CFM correlated to the mandibular deformity? J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018 ; 46 ( 9 ): 1436 – 40 . Search in Google Scholar

19. Kahl-Nieke B, Fischbach R. Effect of early orthopedic intervention on hemifacial microsomia patients: an approach to a cooperative evaluation of treatment results. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114(5): 538–50. Kahl-Nieke B Fischbach R . Effect of early orthopedic intervention on hemifacial microsomia patients: an approach to a cooperative evaluation of treatment results . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998 ; 114 ( 5 ): 538 – 50 . Search in Google Scholar

20. Vig KD. Functional therapy in hemifacial microsomia: therapeutic protocol for growing children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;54(3):278–9. Vig KD . Functional therapy in hemifacial microsomia: therapeutic protocol for growing children . J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996 ; 54 ( 3 ): 278 – 9 . Search in Google Scholar

21. van de Lande LS, Pluijmers BI, Caron CJJM, Wolvius E, Dunway DJ, et al. Surgical correction of the midface in craniofacial microsomia. Part 1: a systematic review J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018;46(9):1427–35. van de Lande LS Pluijmers BI Caron CJJM Wolvius E Dunway DJ . Surgical correction of the midface in craniofacial microsomia . Part 1: a systematic review J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018 ; 46 ( 9 ): 1427 – 35 . Search in Google Scholar

22. Pluijmers BI, Caron CJJM, Dunway DJ, Wolvius E, Koudstall MJ. Mandibular reconstruction in the growing patient with unilateral craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014:43(3):286–95. Pluijmers BI Caron CJJM Dunway DJ Wolvius E Koudstall MJ . Mandibular reconstruction in the growing patient with unilateral craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review . Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014 : 43 ( 3 ): 286 – 95 . Search in Google Scholar

23. Kuu-Karkku L, Suominen A, Svedström-Oristo AL. Craniofacial microsomia–more than a structural malformation. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2023;26:117–22. Kuu-Karkku L Suominen A Svedström-Oristo AL . Craniofacial microsomia–more than a structural malformation . Orthod Craniofac Res . 2023 ; 26 : 117 – 22 . Search in Google Scholar

24. Rankin M, Borah GL. Perceived functional impact of abnormal facial appearance. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;111: 2140–6. Rankin M Borah GL . Perceived functional impact of abnormal facial appearance . Plast Reconstr Surg 2003 ; 111 : 2140 – 6 . Search in Google Scholar