Phytogenics, fermented ingredients, bee products, insect additives, and byproducts as promising dietary supplements for poultry

The development of poultry nutrition, particularly through the use of novel dietary supplements and feed additives, has become increasingly prominent in recent years, driven by diminished feedstuff availability, elevated costs, and the expanding consumer preference for healthy animal products. Maintaining optimal gut health and preventing diseases in poultry also presents a significant challenge in poultry nutrition, as gut health plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption, immune function, and overall bird health. Another challenge is the overuse of antibiotics in poultry farms to promote growth and prevent diseases. However, with increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance and its impact on human health, there is a growing need to find alternatives to antibiotics in poultry diets. Researchers have recently been exploring new feed additives to supplement and enhance poultry diets, this includes the incorporation of phytogenics, fermented ingredients, bee products, insect additives, and byproducts. Consequently, this review endeavors to summarize these feed additives’ effects and provide an up-to-date overview of the recent promising approaches in poultry nutrition, such as in ovo and nanotechnology, to improve bird productivity and health.