<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (<italic>Cyprinus carpio</italic>) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (<italic>tnf-alpha</italic>, <italic>il1b, il8</italic> and <italic>lyz</italic>) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P &lt; 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of <italic>lyz</italic> (P &lt; 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (<italic>gsta</italic> and <italic>gpx</italic>) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P &lt; 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P &lt; 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.</p>
</abstract>

The present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

Enrichment of common carp (<italic>Cyprinus carpio</italic>) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences

Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Annals of Animal Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Enrichment of common carp () diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

The present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P  0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P  0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

The present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as...

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

Published Online: May 08, 2021

Page range: 561 - 573

Received: Jan 05, 2020

Accepted: Sep 07, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0092

Keywords
Common carp, Malic acid, gene expression, Immunity, Antioxidant Defence

© 2020 Roghieh Safari et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

Published Online: May 08, 2021

Page range: 561 - 573

Received: Jan 05, 2020

Accepted: Sep 07, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0092

KeywordsCommon carp, Malic acid, gene expression, Immunity, Antioxidant Defence

© 2020 Roghieh Safari et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Common carp, Malic acid, gene expression, Immunity, Antioxidant Defence