<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated reduction of <italic>β</italic> cells, resulting in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration. We studied the impact of M1/M2 macrophages on the <italic>β</italic> cell level. We obtained the healthy state (absence of T1D) and unhealthy state (presence of T1D). We found that in the unhealthy state, <italic>β</italic> cell levels are decreased with a continuous alternative switch between M1 and M2 macrophages. However, in the healthy state, the <italic>β</italic> cell levels increase with a high level of M2 macrophages.</p>
</abstract>

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated reduction of β cells, resulting in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration. We studied the impact of M1/M2 macrophages on the β cell level. We obtained the healthy state (absence of T1D) and unhealthy state (presence of T1D). We found that in the unhealthy state, β cell levels are decreased with a continuous alternative switch between M1 and M2 macrophages. However, in the healthy state, the β cell levels increase with a high level of M2 macrophages.

Mathematical model on Type 1 diabetes and Healthy state: Mechanisms of <italic>β</italic> cells on the interaction between M1 and M2 Macrophages

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Mathematical model on Type 1 diabetes and Healthy state: Mechanisms of  cells on the interaction between M1 and M2 Macrophages

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated reduction of β cells, resulting in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin...

Mathematical model on Type 1 diabetes and Healthy state: Mechanisms of β cells on the interaction between M1 and M2 Macrophages

Published Online: Mar 31, 2023

Page range: 1081 - 1092

Received: Aug 06, 2022

Accepted: Nov 19, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00329

Keywords
mathematical model, innate Immunity, M1 and M2 macrophages, cells, T1D

© 2023 Haneen Hamam, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Mathematical model on Type 1 diabetes and Healthy state: Mechanisms of β cells on the interaction between M1 and M2 Macrophages

Published Online: Mar 31, 2023

Page range: 1081 - 1092

Received: Aug 06, 2022

Accepted: Nov 19, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00329

Keywordsmathematical model, innate Immunity, M1 and M2 macrophages, cells, T1D

© 2023 Haneen Hamam, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
mathematical model, innate Immunity, M1 and M2 macrophages, cells, T1D