Statistical analysis of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019

Shengnan Lan; Saihua Jiang; Jun Qiu; Zijian Wan; Lian Chen; Gang Li; Jahangir Alam

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Statistical analysis of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019

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| Aug 25, 2021

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

Volume 6 (2021): Issue 2 (July 2021)

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Page range: 193 - 208

Received: Jan 20, 2021

Accepted: Apr 11, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00003

Keywords
elevator, accident, casualty, statistics, safety

© 2021 Shengnan Lan et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Accidents and the existing quantity of elevators in China from 2002 to 2019.

Statistic of elevator types in the 412 accidents.

The casualties of different elevator types in the 412 accidents.

Statistics of casualties due to accident occurrence stages.

Identity distribution of casualties. (a) The number of accidents according to the identity of the casualty and elevator type. (b) The number of casualties according to the identity of the casualty and elevator type.

Some countermeasures and suggestions for reducing elevator accidents.

Statistical investigation of elevator accident types.

Accident types	Cases	Percentage (%)	Deaths	Percentage (%)	Injuries	Percentage (%)	$\frac{Deaths}{Deaths + Injuries}$ {{{\rm{Deaths}}} \over {{\rm{Deaths}} + {\rm{Injuries}}}}
Fall	208	50.49	188	56.80	56	28.57	0.77
Extrusion	141	34.22	108	32.63	35	17.86	0.75
Collision	32	7.77	17	5.13	76	38.78	0.18
Shear	21	5.10	13	3.93	9	4.59	0.59
Others	10	2.42	5	1.51	20	10.20	0.20
Total	412	100	331	100	196	100	–

Statistics on the occurrence stages of elevator accidents and the number of casualties.

Occurrence stage	Cases	Percentage (%)	Deaths	Percentage (%)	Injuries	Percentage (%)	$\frac{Deaths}{Deaths + Injuries}$ {{{\rm{Deaths}}} \over {{\rm{Deaths}} + {\rm{Injuries}}}}
Use	238	57.77	168	50.76	161	82.14	0.51
Maintenance	93	22.57	78	23.56	23	11.74	0.77
Installation	61	14.81	64	19.34	8	4.08	0.89
Rescue	12	2.91	12	3.63	2	1.02	0.86
Reconstruction	6	1.46	6	1.81	1	0.51	0.86
Disassembly	2	0.48	3	0.90	1	0.51	0.75
Total	412	100	331	100	196	100	–

Defective equipment component information.

Detailed failure components		Detailed fault information	Number of accidents
Lift	Door lock	Electrical safety device fails	34
			34
		Damage to mechanical parts	17
			17
		Shallow meshing depth	5
			5
	Brake	Insufficient braking force	12
			12
		Mechanical jam	4
			4
		Incomplete opening of the brake arm	4
			4
		Brake control circuit failure	3
			3
	Hoist rope	Hoist rope breaks	8
			8
	Speed governor	Speed governor fault	7
			7
	Inspection switch	Inspection switch failure	6
			6
	Emergency alarm device	Emergency alarm device fault	2
			2
Escalator	Step sprocket	Damaged step chain wheel	3
			3
	Floor plate	Loose floor plate	2
			2
	Step or pallets sagging guard	Step or pallets support failure	2
			2
	Drive chain	Drive chain broken	2
			2
	Step	Missing escalator steps	1
			1
	Handrail speed monitor	Handrail and step running speed are not synchronised	1
			1
Dumbwaiter	Door lock	Damage to mechanical parts	4
			4
		Electrical safety circuit fault	3
			3
		Lack of electrical safety device	3

Parameters and their possible states.

Parameter	Possible states
Date	Year-Month-Day

Province

Elevator type	Lift, Escalator (passenger conveyor included), Dumbwaiter (Only for goods. Also calls service lift [8].)

Accident type	Fall: The type of accident in which casualties were caused by a person falling from an elevator shaft.
	Extrusion: The type of accident in which casualties were caused by extrusion.
	Shear: The type of accident in which casualties were caused by shear.
	Collision: An accident type of one moving object or person striking violently against another.
	Tumble: An accident type in which casualties were caused by people suddenly tumbled from the steps of an escalator.
	Winding: A type of escalator (passenger conveyor included) accident in which people were entangled by steps and involved in equipment resulting in casualties.
	Reversal: In escalators (passenger conveyors included) accidents, the type of accident in which casualties were caused by equipment reversal.
	Electric shock: The type of accident in which people were injured or dead by electric shock.
	Trap: The type of accident in which people were locked up in elevator cars and cannot come out.

Occurrence stage	Installation, Use, Maintenance, Rescue, Reconstruction, Disassembly

Injuries	1, 2, 3, . . .

Deaths	1, 2, 3, . . .

Identity	Installer, Maintainer, Passenger, Operator, Rescuer, Property manager, Others

Accident causes	Unsafe behaviour
	Defective equipment
	Inadequate safety management

Accident description	The process of the accident is recorded in detail, including the time, place, people, causes, and results.

Safety management-related information.

Related enterprises	Detailed safety management problem	Number of accidents
Manufacturer	No production qualification	7
		7
	Lax quality control of key components	3
		3
	Flawed design	1
		1
	Not provide maintenance guidance documents	1
		1
Owner	Elevators are unqualified or uninspected	22
		22
	Didn’t hire a full-time elevator safety administrator	22
		22
	Did not go through the registration for use	10
		10
	Illegal use of faulty elevators	9
		9
	Employ unlicensed personnel to operate dumbwaiters	8
		8
	Using illegally manufactured elevators	7
		7
Installation company	The safety training of employees is not enough	45
		45
	The safety management system of the worksite has not been effectively implemented	41
		41
	Construction is not following the installation drawings	5
		5
Maintenance company	The safety training of employees is not enough	69
		69
	The safety management system has not been implemented	16
		16
	Employ unlicensed personnel to maintenance elevators	9
		9
	Incomplete safety management system	5
		5
	Maintenance is not on a schedule	2

Statistics on the causes of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019.

Accident causes	Lift	Escalators	Dumbwaiter	Percentage (%)
People’s unsafe behaviours	211	28	11	60.68
Defective equipment	83	9	4	23.30
Inadequate safety management	53	7	6	16.02
Total	347	44	21	100

Unsafe behaviour information.

Detailed behaviour		Type of elevator

		Lift	Escalator	Dumbwaiter
Unsafe behaviour by passengers	Wrong self-rescue behaviour	31	0	–
		31	0	–
	Didn’t confirm the status of the elevator before using	27	0	–
		27	0	–
	The guardian did not take care of the child	6	21	–
		6	21	–
	Illegal use of triangular keys	6	0	–
		6	0	–
	Overload	4	0	–
		4	0	–
Unsafe behaviour by installers	Improper operation	53	0	0
		53	0	0
	Improper wearing of labour protection equipment	14	0	0
		14	0	0
	Didn’t follow the installation guidelines	4	0	0
		4	0	0
	No safety warning signs are set on the worksite	2	0	0
		2	0	0
Unsafe behaviour by maintainers	Improper operation	59	8	5
		59	8	5
	No safety warning signs are set at the worksite	8	3	1
		8	3	1
	Improper wearing of labour protection equipment	7	2	1
		7	2	1
Unsafe behaviour by operators	Illegal use of dumbwaiter to carry people	–	–	7
		–	–	7
	Improper operation	–	–	5
		–	–	5
	Didn’t confirm the status of the elevator before using	–	–	2
		–	–	2
Unsafe behaviour by property managers	Illegal use of triangular key	2	0	0
		2	0	0
	Unauthorised lending of triangle key	1	0	0
		1	0	0
Unsafe behaviour by rescuers	Unprofessional and incorrect rescue operations	7	0	0

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Statistical analysis of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019

Published Online: Aug 25, 2021

Page range: 193 - 208

Received: Jan 20, 2021

Accepted: Apr 11, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00003

Keywords
elevator, accident, casualty, statistics, safety

© 2021 Shengnan Lan et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Statistical investigation of elevator accident types.

Statistics on the occurrence stages of elevator accidents and the number of casualties.

Defective equipment component information.

Parameters and their possible states.

Safety management-related information.

Statistics on the causes of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019.

Unsafe behaviour information.

Statistical analysis of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019

Published Online: Aug 25, 2021

Page range: 193 - 208

Received: Jan 20, 2021

Accepted: Apr 11, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00003

Keywordselevator, accident, casualty, statistics, safety

© 2021 Shengnan Lan et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Statistical investigation of elevator accident types.

Statistics on the occurrence stages of elevator accidents and the number of casualties.

Defective equipment component information.

Parameters and their possible states.

Safety management-related information.

Statistics on the causes of typical elevator accidents in China from 2002 to 2019.

Unsafe behaviour information.

Keywords
elevator, accident, casualty, statistics, safety