Question chains in Chinese middle school high-quality English classes: A perspective of cultivating thinking qualities

[1] Suryana, D., Yulia, R., & Safrizal, S. (2021). Model of questioning skill teacher for developing critical thinking skill in early childhood education in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 21(2), 101–114. Suryana D. Yulia R. Safrizal S. ( 2021 ). Model of questioning skill teacher for developing critical thinking skill in early childhood education in West Sumatra, Indonesia . Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice , 21 ( 2 ), 101 – 114 . Search in Google Scholar

[2] Liu, L. (2022). Cultivating critical thinking ability in reading instruction: A perspective of problem chains. English Teaching & Research Notes, (9), 40–44. Liu L. ( 2022 ). Cultivating critical thinking ability in reading instruction: A perspective of problem chains . English Teaching & Research Notes , ( 9 ), 40 – 44 . Search in Google Scholar

[3] Tang, H. J., Zhang, W. Z., & Chen, B. F. (2020). Question-chain teaching for deep understanding. Research in Educational Development, 40(04), 53–57. Tang H. J. Zhang W. Z. Chen B. F. ( 2020 ). Question-chain teaching for deep understanding . Research in Educational Development , 40 ( 04 ), 53 – 57 . Search in Google Scholar

[4] Lu, F. Q. (2022). A study on design of problem chains in English discourse teaching in primary school. Teaching & Administration, (05), 56–59. Lu F. Q. ( 2022 ). A study on design of problem chains in English discourse teaching in primary school . Teaching & Administration , ( 05 ), 56 – 59 . Search in Google Scholar

[5] Wang, H. X. (2010). Types and teaching functions of "question chains"—Taking chemistry teaching as an example. Educational Science Research, (05), 50–54. Wang H. X. ( 2010 ). Types and teaching functions of "question chains"—Taking chemistry teaching as an example . Educational Science Research , ( 05 ), 50 – 54 . Search in Google Scholar

[6] Reinsvold, L. A., & Cochran, K. F. (2012). Power dynamics and questioning in elementary science classrooms. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 23(7), 745–768. Reinsvold L. A. Cochran K. F. ( 2012 ). Power dynamics and questioning in elementary science classrooms . Journal of Science Teacher Education , 23 ( 7 ), 745 – 768 . Search in Google Scholar

[7] Lu, F. (2021). Latitudinal design for thinking of “main problem” chain in English teaching in junior secondary school. Teaching & Administration, (13), 44–47. Lu F. ( 2021 ). Latitudinal design for thinking of “main problem” chain in English teaching in junior secondary school . Teaching & Administration , ( 13 ), 44 – 47 . Search in Google Scholar

[8] Liu, H. G., & Gao, L. X. (2023). “Question chains” in senior high school English classroom teaching: Connotation and design. English Teaching & Research Notes, (01), 34–38. Liu H. G. Gao L. X. ( 2023 ). “Question chains” in senior high school English classroom teaching: Connotation and design . English Teaching & Research Notes , ( 01 ), 34 – 38 . Search in Google Scholar

[9] Guilford, J. P. (1959). Traits of creativity. In H. H. Anderson (Ed.), Creativity and its cultivation (pp. 142–161). Harper & Row. Guilford J. P. ( 1959 ). Traits of creativity . In H. H. Anderson (Ed.), Creativity and its cultivation (pp. 142 – 161 ). Harper & Row . Search in Google Scholar

[10] Bruner, J. S. (1960). The process of education. Vintage Books. Bruner J. S. ( 1960 ). The process of education . Vintage Books . Search in Google Scholar

[11] Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. (2018). General senior high school English curriculum standards (2017 edition). People’s Education Press. Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China . ( 2018 ). General senior high school English curriculum standards (2017 edition) . People’s Education Press . Search in Google Scholar

[12] Li, L. (2022). Interpretation of English curriculum standards for compulsory education (2022 edition): From the perspectives of teaching, learning and assessment. Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Elementary Education Edition), 23(05), 13–17. Li L. ( 2022 ). Interpretation of English curriculum standards for compulsory education (2022 edition): From the perspectives of teaching, learning and assessment . Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Elementary Education Edition) , 23 ( 05 ), 13 – 17 . Search in Google Scholar

[13] Yusuf, A., Bello, S., Pervin, N., & Tukur, A. F. (2024). Implementing a proposed framework for enhancing critical thinking skills in synthesizing AI-generated texts. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 53, 101619. Yusuf A. Bello S. Pervin N. Tukur A. F. ( 2024 ). Implementing a proposed framework for enhancing critical thinking skills in synthesizing AI-generated texts . Thinking Skills and Creativity , 53 , 101619 . Search in Google Scholar

[14] Liu, D. Y. (2018). On English subject literacy—Thinking qualities. Curriculum, Teaching Material, and Method, 38(08), 80–85. Liu D. Y. ( 2018 ). On English subject literacy—Thinking qualities . Curriculum, Teaching Material, and Method , 38 ( 08 ), 80 – 85 . Search in Google Scholar

[15] Anggraeni, D. M., Prahani, B. K., Suprapto, N., & Shofiyah, N. (2023). Systematic review of problem-based learning research in fostering critical thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49(3), 101334. Anggraeni D. M. Prahani B. K. Suprapto N. Shofiyah N. ( 2023 ). Systematic review of problem-based learning research in fostering critical thinking skills . Thinking Skills and Creativity , 49 ( 3 ), 101334 . Search in Google Scholar

[16] Lin, C. D. (2024). Exploring the law of the innovative mind and promoting the development of innovative talents. Educational Research, 45(08), 4–14. Lin C. D. ( 2024 ). Exploring the law of the innovative mind and promoting the development of innovative talents . Educational Research , 45 ( 08 ), 4 – 14 . Search in Google Scholar

[17] Ejsing-Duun, S., & Skovbjerg, H. M. (2019). Design as a mode of inquiry in design pedagogy and design thinking. The International Journal of Art & Design Education, 38(2), 445–460. Ejsing-Duun S. Skovbjerg H. M. ( 2019 ). Design as a mode of inquiry in design pedagogy and design thinking . The International Journal of Art & Design Education , 38 ( 2 ), 445 – 460 . Search in Google Scholar

[18] Huang, F., & Zhu, X. D. (2022). The cultivation of students' thinking capacity through English classroom questioning. International Journal of New Developments in Education, 4(12), 5–11. Huang F. Zhu X. D. ( 2022 ). The cultivation of students’ thinking capacity through English classroom questioning . International Journal of New Developments in Education , 4 ( 12 ), 5 – 11 . Search in Google Scholar

[19] Nappi, J. S. (2017). The importance of questioning in developing critical thinking skills. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 84(1), 30–41. Nappi J. S. ( 2017 ). The importance of questioning in developing critical thinking skills . Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin , 84 ( 1 ), 30 – 41 . Search in Google Scholar

[20] Raz, T., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Kenett, Y. N. (2023). The role of asking more complex questions in creative thinking. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Advance online publication. Raz T. Reiter-Palmon R. Kenett Y. N. ( 2023 ). The role of asking more complex questions in creative thinking . Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts . Advance online publication . Search in Google Scholar

[21] Riwayatiningsih, R. (2019). Improving writing skill with questioning: A path on critical thinking skill. Metathesis: Journal of English Language Literature and Teaching, 3(2), 203–213. Riwayatiningsih R. ( 2019 ). Improving writing skill with questioning: A path on critical thinking skill . Metathesis: Journal of English Language Literature and Teaching , 3 ( 2 ), 203 – 213 . Search in Google Scholar

[22] He, W., Wang, H. B., Li, M. H., Qin, X. Y., & Ji, N. (2023). Application of question chain teaching method in medical organic chemistry: Amino acids and peptides. Chinese Journal of Chemical Education, 44(18), 108–112. He W. Wang H. B. Li M. H. Qin X. Y. Ji N. ( 2023 ). Application of question chain teaching method in medical organic chemistry: Amino acids and peptides . Chinese Journal of Chemical Education , 44 ( 18 ), 108 – 112 . Search in Google Scholar

[23] Hu, W. N. (2018). Designing question chains in middle school English reading classes based on the cultivation of thinking qualities. English Teachers, 18(07), 135–140. Hu W. N. ( 2018 ). Designing question chains in middle school English reading classes based on the cultivation of thinking qualities . English Teachers , 18 ( 07 ), 135 – 140 . Search in Google Scholar

[24] Wu, Y. (2019). Designing problem chains in middle school English reading classes based on the development of thinking qualities. Basic Foreign Language Education, 21(04), 83–88+108. Wu Y. ( 2019 ). Designing problem chains in middle school English reading classes based on the development of thinking qualities . Basic Foreign Language Education , 21 ( 04), 83–88+108. Search in Google Scholar

[25] Lu, W. Y. (2019). An exploratory practice of junior high school English reading instruction based on the cultivation of thinking quality. The Horizon of Education, (25), 64–67. Lu W. Y. ( 2019 ). An exploratory practice of junior high school English reading instruction based on the cultivation of thinking quality . The Horizon of Education , ( 25 ), 64 – 67 . Search in Google Scholar

[26] Ren, L. (2014). Grammar teaching in senior high school English under the concept of research-based teaching. Teaching & Administration, (36), 124–126. Ren L. ( 2014 ). Grammar teaching in senior high school English under the concept of research-based teaching . Teaching & Administration , ( 36 ), 124 – 126 . Search in Google Scholar

[27] Zhang, F. (2024). A practical study on the design of question chains in extracurricular reading for junior high school English. English Teaching & Research Notes, (3), 52–55+76. Zhang F. ( 2024 ). A practical study on the design of question chains in extracurricular reading for junior high school English . English Teaching & Research Notes , ( 3), 52–55+76. Search in Google Scholar

[28] Qian, H. Y. (2016). Application of problem chains in senior high school English writing classes. Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, 39(10), 56–58. Qian H. Y. ( 2016 ). Application of problem chains in senior high school English writing classes . Foreign Language Teaching in Schools , 39 ( 10 ), 56 – 58 . Search in Google Scholar

[29] Zhao, J. Z. (2020). Research on creative thinking in junior middle school writing teaching. Journal of Jilin Provincial Institute of Education, 36(09), 22–25. Zhao J. Z. ( 2020 ). Research on creative thinking in junior middle school writing teaching . Journal of Jilin Provincial Institute of Education , 36 ( 09 ), 22 – 25 . Search in Google Scholar