Influence of Fluid Rheology on Blood Flow Haemodynamics in Patient-Specific Arterial Networks of Varied Complexity – In-Silico Studies

Results obtained with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) rely on assumptions made during a pre-processing stage, including a mathematical description of a fluid rheology. Up to this date there is no clear answer to several aspects, mainly related to the question of whether and under what conditions blood can be simplified to a Newtonian fluid during CFD analyses. Different research groups present contradictory results, leaving the question unanswered. Therefore, the objective of this research was to perform steady-state and pulsatile blood flow simulations using eight different rheological models in geometries of varying complexity. A qualitative comparison of shear- and viscosity-related parameters showed no meaningful discrepancies, but a quantitative analysis revealed significant differences, especially in the magnitudes of wall shear stress (WSS) and its gradient (WSSG). We suggest that for the large arteries blood should be modelled as a non-Newtonian fluid, whereas for the cerebral vasculature the assumption of blood as a simple Newtonian fluid can be treated as a valid simplification.