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Chlorogenic acid protects against cisplatin-induced testicular damage: a biochemical and histological study

Elif Ayazoğlu Demir

Elif Ayazoğlu Demir

Karadeniz Technical University Macka Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing TechnologiesTrabzon, Turkey
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Demir, Elif Ayazoğlu
, 
Selim Demir

Selim Demir

Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsTrabzon, Turkey
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Demir, Selim
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Sevdegül Aydın Mungan

Sevdegül Aydın Mungan

Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical PathologyTrabzon, Turkey
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Mungan, Sevdegül Aydın
, 
Nihal Türkmen Alemdar

Nihal Türkmen Alemdar

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and TechniquesRize, Turkey
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Alemdar, Nihal Türkmen
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Ahmet Menteşe

Ahmet Menteşe

Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical BiochemistryTrabzon, Turkey
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Menteşe, Ahmet
 and 
Yüksel Aliyazıcıoğlu

Yüksel Aliyazıcıoğlu

Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical BiochemistryTrabzon, Turkey
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Aliyazıcıoğlu, Yüksel
  
Jun 30, 2025
Chlorogenic acid protects against cisplatin-induced testicular damage: a biochemical and histological study's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Jun 30, 2025
Page range: 130 - 137
Received: Apr 01, 2025
Accepted: Jun 01, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2025-76-3990
Keywords
© 2025 Elif Ayazoğlu Demir et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on OS parameters in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; ++p<0.01 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; GPx – glutathione peroxidase; GSH – reduced glutathione; MDA – malondialdehyde; OS – oxidative stress; SEM – standard error of the mean; SOD – superoxide dismutase
Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on OS parameters in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; ++p<0.01 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; GPx – glutathione peroxidase; GSH – reduced glutathione; MDA – malondialdehyde; OS – oxidative stress; SEM – standard error of the mean; SOD – superoxide dismutase

Figure 2

Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on inflammation parameters in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; ++p<0.01 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; IL-6 – interleukin-6; MPO – myeloperoxidase; NF-κB – nuclear factor kappa B; SEM – standard error of the mean
Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on inflammation parameters in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; ++p<0.01 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; IL-6 – interleukin-6; MPO – myeloperoxidase; NF-κB – nuclear factor kappa B; SEM – standard error of the mean

Figure 3

Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on ERS and apoptosis parameters in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; ++p<0.01 and +++p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) g roup. ATF6 – activating transcription factor 6; CASP3 – cleaved caspase-3; CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; DDIT3 – DNA damage-inducible transcript 3; ERS – endoplasmic reticulum stress; HSPA5 – heat shock protein family A (HSP70) member 5; SEM – standard error of the mean
Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on ERS and apoptosis parameters in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; ++p<0.01 and +++p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) g roup. ATF6 – activating transcription factor 6; CASP3 – cleaved caspase-3; CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; DDIT3 – DNA damage-inducible transcript 3; ERS – endoplasmic reticulum stress; HSPA5 – heat shock protein family A (HSP70) member 5; SEM – standard error of the mean

Figure 4

Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; +p<0.05 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; HO-1 – haem oxygenase-1; Nrf2 – nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; SEM – standard error of the mean
Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in a CIS-induced testicular toxicity rat model. Data are presented as means ± SEM. ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; +p<0.05 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; HO-1 – haem oxygenase-1; Nrf2 – nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; SEM – standard error of the mean

Figure 5

Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on testicular tissue architecture in CIS-treated rats (200×). A) control; B) CHA alone (3 mg/kg); C) CIS (5 mg/kg); D) CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg); E) CIS+CHA (3 mg/kg); F) Mean Johnsen scores for all groups. Data are presented as means ± SEM. ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; +++p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; SEM – standard error of the mean
Effects of CHA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on testicular tissue architecture in CIS-treated rats (200×). A) control; B) CHA alone (3 mg/kg); C) CIS (5 mg/kg); D) CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg); E) CIS+CHA (3 mg/kg); F) Mean Johnsen scores for all groups. Data are presented as means ± SEM. ***p<0.001 – significant difference from control; ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS alone group; +++p<0.001 – significant difference from the CIS+CHA (1.5 mg/kg) group. CHA – chlorogenic acid; CIS – cisplatin; SEM – standard error of the mean
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