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Comparison of different disinfection protocols against contamination of ceramic surfaces with Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm

Kaća Piletić

Kaća Piletić

University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyRijeka, Croatia
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Piletić, Kaća
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Silvestar Mežnarić

Silvestar Mežnarić

University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyRijeka, Croatia
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Mežnarić, Silvestar
, 
Eli Keržić

Eli Keržić

University of Ljubljana Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and TechnologyLjubljana, Slovenia
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Keržić, Eli
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Martina Oder

Martina Oder

University of Ljubljana Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Sanitary EngineeringLjubljana, Slovenia
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Oder, Martina
 and 
Ivana Gobin

Ivana Gobin

University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyRijeka, Croatia
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Gobin, Ivana
  
Dec 29, 2024
Comparison of different disinfection protocols against contamination of ceramic surfaces with Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Dec 29, 2024
Page range: 289 - 296
Received: Nov 01, 2024
Accepted: Dec 01, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3920
Keywords
© 2024 Kaća Piletić et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Representative 3D images of K. pneumoniae biofilm on ceramic tiles treated with different single and combined disinfection protocols using digital microscopy according to disinfection efficacy (20× magnification); 1 – O3; 5 – O3+ 15 % CA; 9 – CA + O3; 11 – 20 % DP1 + O3; 7 – O3 + 20 % DP1; 13 – CA + O3 + 20 % DP1; CN – control (no treatment); CA – citric acid; DP 1 – disinfection product 1; DP 2 – disinfection product 2; O3– ozone
Representative 3D images of K. pneumoniae biofilm on ceramic tiles treated with different single and combined disinfection protocols using digital microscopy according to disinfection efficacy (20× magnification); 1 – O3; 5 – O3+ 15 % CA; 9 – CA + O3; 11 – 20 % DP1 + O3; 7 – O3 + 20 % DP1; 13 – CA + O3 + 20 % DP1; CN – control (no treatment); CA – citric acid; DP 1 – disinfection product 1; DP 2 – disinfection product 2; O3– ozone

Average log10 CFU reduction ranks of disinfection protocol groups against K_ pneumoniae ATCC 700603

Protocol group Average rank Median Disinfectant Median SE
A (single biocidal active substance) 2.000 1.743a O3 2.689A 0.065
15 % CA 1.665B 0.142
20 % DP1 1.865B 0.152
1 % DP2 1.438B 0.168
B (combined biocidal active substance) 2.583 3.161b O3 + 15 % CA 4.161A 0.476
O3 + 5 % DP1 3.113B 0.079
O3 + 20 % DP1 5.255A 0.019
O3 + 1 % DP2 1.945C 0.229
C (combined biocidal active substance) 2.750 5.078b 15 % CA + O3 5.190A 0.083
5 % DP1 + O3 4.929A 0.073
20 % DP1 + O3 5.190A 0.031
1 % DP2 + O3 2.088B 0.159
D (combined biocidal active substance) 3.667 5.290c CA + O3 + 20 % DP1 5.290 0.024

Average log log CFU reduction ranks of disinfection protocol groups against K_ pneumoniae 14

Protocol group Average rank Median Disinfectant Median SE
A (single biocidal active substance) 1.000 1.761a O3 1.628 0.131
15 % CA 1.707 0.143
20 % DP1 1.889 0.140
1 % DP2 1.673 0.143
B (combined biocidal active substance) 2.500 3.663b O3 + 15 % CA 5.128A 0.122
O3 + 5 % DP1 2.415B 0.131
O3 + 20 % DP1 4.929A 0.078
O3 + 1 % DP2 2.184B 0.129
C (combined biocidal active substance) 2.667 4.923b 15 % CA + O3 5.124A 0.053
5 % DP1 + O3 4.801A 0.135
20 % DP1 + O3 5.127A 0.124
1 % DP2 + O3 1.938B 0.084
D (combined biocidal active substance) 3.833 5.699c CA + O3 + 20 % DP1 5.699 0.098

Disinfection protocols

Protocol group Protocol No. Protocol abbreviation Disinfecting product Biocidal active substance Working concentration Exposure time
A 1 O3 Ozone generated with a mobile ozone generator Gaseous ozone 49.914 mg/m3 1 h
A 2 CA Citric acid Citric acid 15 % 10 min
A 3 DP1 Disinfecting product 1 1 % benzalkonium chloride 5 %20 % 10 min
A 4 DP2 Disinfecting product 2 4.8 % benzalkonium chloride0.1 % 2-phenoxyethanol 0.098 % ethanol0.05 % glycolic acid0.02 % N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine 1 % 10 min
B 5 O3 + 15 % CA Combined disinfection with gaseous ozone and citric acid (pre-treatment) Gaseous ozone Citric acid 49.914 mg/m3 O3 15 % CA 1 h 10 min
B 6 O3+ 5 % DP1 Combined disinfection with gaseous ozone and disinfecting product 1 (pre-treatment) Gaseous ozone 1 % benzalkonium chloride 49.914 mg/m3 5 % DP1 1 h 10 min
B 7 O3 + 20 % DP1 Combined disinfection with gaseous ozone and disinfecting product 1 (pre-treatment) Gaseous ozone 1 % benzalkonium chloride 49.914 mg/m3 20 % DP1 1 h 10 min
B 8 O3 + DP2 Combined disinfection with gaseous ozone and disinfecting product 2 (pre-treatment) Gaseous ozone4.8 % benzalkonium chloride0.1 % 2-phenoxyethanol 0.098 % ethanol0.05 % glycolic acid0.02 % N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine 49.914 mg/m3 1 % DP2 1 h 10 min
C 9 15 % CA + O3 Combined disinfection with citric acid and gaseous ozone (post-treatment) Citric acidGaseous ozone 15 % 49.914 mg/m3 10 min 1 h
C 10 5 % DP 1 + O3 Combined disinfection with disinfecting product 1 and gaseous ozone (post-treatment) 1 % benzalkonium chloride Gaseous ozone 5 % DP1 49.914 mg/m3 10 min 1 h
C 11 20 % DP 1 + O3 Combined disinfection with disinfecting product 1 and gaseous ozone (post-treatment) 1 % benzalkonium chloride Gaseous ozone 20 % DP1 49.914 mg/m3 10 min 1 h
C 12 DP 2 + O3 Combined disinfection with disinfecting product 1 and gaseous ozone (post-treatment) 4.8 % benzalkonium chloride0.1 % 2-phenoxyethanol 0.098 % ethanol 0.05 % glycolic acid0.02 % N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine Gaseous ozone 1 % DP 2 49.914 mg/m3 10 min1 h
D 13 15 %CA + O3 + 20 %DP 1 Combined disinfection with citric acid, gaseous ozone and disinfecting product 1 Citric acidGaseous ozone 1 % benzalkonium chloride 15 % 49.914 mg/m320 % DP 1 10 min 1 h 10 min
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