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Nanoplastics increase in vitro oestrogenic activity of neurotherapeutic drugs

Lucija Božičević

Lucija Božičević

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Božičević, Lucija
, 
Valerije Vrček

Valerije Vrček

University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryZagreb, Croatia
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Vrček, Valerije
, 
Nikolina Peranić

Nikolina Peranić

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Peranić, Nikolina
, 
Nikolina Kalčec

Nikolina Kalčec

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Kalčec, Nikolina
 and 
Ivana Vinković Vrček

Ivana Vinković Vrček

  • Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
  • University of Rijeka Faculty of MedicineRijeka, Croatia
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Vrček, Ivana Vinković
  
Mar 29, 2024
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Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Mar 29, 2024
Page range: 68 - 75
Received: Jan 01, 2024
Accepted: Mar 01, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3818
Keywords
© 2024 Lucija Božičević et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and physico-chemical properties of 10 mg/L polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) in ultrapure water (UPW) and the RPMI-1640 cell culture medium (CCM) at baseline (t=0 h) and after 48 h (t=48 h) at 25 °C. dTEM – PSNP dispersion in ultrapure-water, dH – PSNP hydrodynamic diameter in UPW and CCM; ζ – PSNP zeta potential in in UPW and CCM
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and physico-chemical properties of 10 mg/L polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) in ultrapure water (UPW) and the RPMI-1640 cell culture medium (CCM) at baseline (t=0 h) and after 48 h (t=48 h) at 25 °C. dTEM – PSNP dispersion in ultrapure-water, dH – PSNP hydrodynamic diameter in UPW and CCM; ζ – PSNP zeta potential in in UPW and CCM

Figure 2

Viability of T47D-KBluc cells treated with A) carbamazepine (Cbz) and B) fluoxetine (Flx) established with the MTS assay. Untreated cells were used as negative control (Ctrl) and cells treated with 10 % (v/v) DMSO as positive control (DMSO). Results are given as the percentage of Ctrl and calculated as mean values from three independent experiments. Standard deviations are given as error bars, and values that are significantly different from Ctrl are marked with * (P<0.05)
Viability of T47D-KBluc cells treated with A) carbamazepine (Cbz) and B) fluoxetine (Flx) established with the MTS assay. Untreated cells were used as negative control (Ctrl) and cells treated with 10 % (v/v) DMSO as positive control (DMSO). Results are given as the percentage of Ctrl and calculated as mean values from three independent experiments. Standard deviations are given as error bars, and values that are significantly different from Ctrl are marked with * (P<0.05)

Figure 3

Viability and apoptosis in T47D-KBluc cells treated with PSNPs, Cbz and Flx established with flow cytometry. Untreated cells were used as negative control (Ctrl) and cells treated with 10 % (v/v) DMSO as positive control (DMSO). Results are given as the percentage of live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and dead cells compared to Ctrl and calculated as mean values from three independent experiments. Standard deviations are given as error bars
Viability and apoptosis in T47D-KBluc cells treated with PSNPs, Cbz and Flx established with flow cytometry. Untreated cells were used as negative control (Ctrl) and cells treated with 10 % (v/v) DMSO as positive control (DMSO). Results are given as the percentage of live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and dead cells compared to Ctrl and calculated as mean values from three independent experiments. Standard deviations are given as error bars

Figure 4

Oestrogen receptor activity in response to carbamazepine (Cbz), fluoxetine (Flx), and polystyrene nanoparticle (PSNP) treatment of T47D-KBluc cells. Results are shown as the percentage of fold induction of luminescent signal in comparison with positive control (10 nmol/L diethylstilbestrol, DES) and represent mean values from three independent experiments done in triplicate. Standard deviations (SD) are given as error bars. Values above the black line denote endocrine disrupting response according to the OECD test No. 455 (5)
Oestrogen receptor activity in response to carbamazepine (Cbz), fluoxetine (Flx), and polystyrene nanoparticle (PSNP) treatment of T47D-KBluc cells. Results are shown as the percentage of fold induction of luminescent signal in comparison with positive control (10 nmol/L diethylstilbestrol, DES) and represent mean values from three independent experiments done in triplicate. Standard deviations (SD) are given as error bars. Values above the black line denote endocrine disrupting response according to the OECD test No. 455 (5)

Figure 5

Oestrogen receptor activity in response to PSNP mixtures with (A) carbamazepine (Cbz) and (B) fluoxetine (Flx) in T47D-KBluc cells. Results are shown as the percentage of fold induction of luminescent signal in comparison with positive control (10 nmol/L diethylstilbestrol, DES) and represent mean values from three independent experiments done in triplicate. Standard deviations (SD) are given as error bars. Values above the black line denote endocrine disrupting response according to the OECD test No. 455 (5)
Oestrogen receptor activity in response to PSNP mixtures with (A) carbamazepine (Cbz) and (B) fluoxetine (Flx) in T47D-KBluc cells. Results are shown as the percentage of fold induction of luminescent signal in comparison with positive control (10 nmol/L diethylstilbestrol, DES) and represent mean values from three independent experiments done in triplicate. Standard deviations (SD) are given as error bars. Values above the black line denote endocrine disrupting response according to the OECD test No. 455 (5)
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