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Combined effects of valproate and naringin on kidney antioxidative markers and serum parameters of kidney function in C57BL6 mice

David Jutrić
David Jutrić
, 
Domagoj Đikić
Domagoj Đikić
, 
Almoš Boroš
Almoš Boroš
, 
Dyana Odeh
Dyana Odeh
, 
Romana Gračan
Romana Gračan
, 
Anđelo Beletić
Anđelo Beletić
 and 
Irena Landeka Jurčević
Irena Landeka Jurčević
   | Sep 30, 2023
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Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Sep 30, 2023
Page range: 218 - 223
Received: Jul 01, 2023
Accepted: Sep 01, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3764
© 2023 David Jutrić et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Kidney tissue MDA levels in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). Connecting lines – significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups. # significant differences (p<0.05) from control
Kidney tissue MDA levels in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). Connecting lines – significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups. # significant differences (p<0.05) from control

Figure 2

Kidney tissue catalase activity in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). Connecting lines – significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups. # significant differences (p<0.05) from control
Kidney tissue catalase activity in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). Connecting lines – significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups. # significant differences (p<0.05) from control

Figure 3

Kidney tissue superoxide dismutase activity levels in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). # significant differences (p<0.05) from control
Kidney tissue superoxide dismutase activity levels in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). # significant differences (p<0.05) from control

Figure 4

Kidney tissue glutathione levels in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). Connecting lines – significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups. # significant differences (p<0.05) from control
Kidney tissue glutathione levels in mice by groups (A) and by sex and groups (B). C – control group; N – group receiving naringin (25 mg/kg); V – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg), V+N – group receiving valproate (150 mg/kg) + naringin (25 mg/kg). Connecting lines – significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups. # significant differences (p<0.05) from control

Serum sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in mice by groups and sex (medians and ranges)

Group Sex Sodium (mmol/L) Potassium (mmol/L) Calcium (mmol/L)
C Both 153 (145–161) 4.8 (4.3–4.9) 1.75 (1.65–1.90)
V 152 (140–160) 6.3 (4.6–8.5)* 1.82 (1.80–1.92)
N 148 (147–165) 5.5 (5.3–5.9) 1.81 (1.70–1.90)
V+N 154 (141–161) 5.1 (4.2–5.8) 1.80 (1.60–1.90)
C Male 155 (153–161) 4.8 (4.3–4.9) 1.84 (1.80–1.90)
Female 153 (145–159) 4.8 (4.4–4.8) 1.75 (1.65–1.82)
V Male 151 (140–158) 7.2 (5.6–8.5)* 1.82 (1.80–1.91)
Female 152 (149–160) 5.0 (4.6–7.0)# 1.83 (1.80–1.92)
N Male 158 (147–165) 5.6 (5.3–5.9) 1.81 (1.75–1.90)
Female 145 (142–152) 5.4 (5.3–5.6) 1.82 (1.70–1.89)
V+N Male 157 (152–161) 5.1 (4.5–5.3) 1.80 (1.62–1.90)
Female 150 (141–159) 5.2 (4.2–5.8) 1.81 (1.60–1.90)
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