Open Access

Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings


Cite

1. Alavanja MCR, Hoppin JA, Kamel F. Health effects of chronic pesticide Exposure: Cancer and Neurotoxicity. Annu Rev Publ Health 2004;25:155-97. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.12302010.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123020Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. McCauley LA, Kent Anger W, Keifer M, Langley R, Robson MG, Rohlman D. Studying health outcomes in farmworker populations exposed to pesticides. Environ Health Persp 2006;114:953-60. doi: 10.1289/ehp.852610.1289/ehp.8526Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Mostafalou S, Abdollah M. Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharm 2013;268:157-77. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.02510.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Abdollahi M, Ranjbar A, Shadnia S, Nikfar S, Rezaie A. Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Med Sci Monit 2004;10:RA141-7. PMID: 15173684Search in Google Scholar

5. Soltaninejad K, Abdollahi M. Current opinion on the science of organophosphate pesticides and toxic stress: a systematic review. Med Sci Monit 2009;15:RA75-90. PMID: 19247260Search in Google Scholar

6. Barry KH, Koutros S, Berndt SI, Andreotti G, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Burdette LA, Yeager M, Freeman LE, Lubin JH, Ma X, Zheng T, Alavanja MC. Genetic variation in base excision repair pathway genes, pesticide exposure, and prostate cancer risk. Environ Health Persp 2011;119:1726-32. doi: 10.1289/ehp.110345410.1289/ehp.1103454Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Muniz JF, McCauley L, Scherer J, Lasarev M, Koshy M, Kow YW, Nazar-Stewart V, Kisby GE. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers: A pilot study. Toxicol Appl Pharm 2008;227:97-107. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.02710.1016/j.taap.2007.10.027Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. Ziech D, Franco R, Georgakilas AG, Georgakila S, Malamou-Mitsi V, Schoneveld O, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in environmental carcinogenesis and biomarker development. Chem-Biol Interact 2010;188:334-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.01010.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9. Simoinello MF, Kleinsorge EC, Scagnetti JA, Mastandrea C, Grigolato RA, Paonessa AM, Carballo MA. Biomarkers of cellular reaction to pesticide exposure in rural population. Biomarkers 2010;15:52-60. doi: 10.3109/1354750090327637810.3109/13547500903276378Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Alavanja MC, Ross MK, Bonner MR. Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:120-42. doi: 10.3322/caac.2117010.3322/caac.21170Search in Google Scholar

11. Slaninova A, Smutna M, Modrá H, Svobodová Z. A review: oxidative stress in fish induced by pesticides. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2009;30(Suppl 1):2-12. PMID: 20027135Search in Google Scholar

12. Agrawal A, Bechan Sharma B. Pesticides induced oxidative stress in mammalian systems. Int J Biol Med Res 2010;1:90-104.Search in Google Scholar

13. D’Souza UJA. Pesticide toxicity and oxidative stress: a review. Borneo J Med Sci 2017;11:9-19.Search in Google Scholar

14. de Zwart LL, Meerman JH, Commandeur JN, Vermeulen NP. Biomarkers of free radical damage: Applications in experimental animals and in humans. Free Radical Bio Med 1999;26:202-26. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00196-810.1016/S0891-5849(98)00196-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Niedernhofer LJ, Daniels JS, Rouzer CA, Greene RE, Marnett LJ. Malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic in human cells. J Biol Chem 2003;278:31426-33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M21254920010.1074/jbc.212549200Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Pamplona R. Advanced lipoxidation end-products. Chem-Biol Interact 2011;192:14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.00710.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell B 2007;39:44-84. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.00110.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Matés JM. Efffects of antioxidant enzymes in the molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology. Toxicology 2000;153:83-104. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00306-110.1016/S0300-483X(00)00306-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Di Giulio RT, Meyer JN. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. In: Di Giulio RT, Hinton DE, editors. The Toxicology of Fishes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2008. p. 273-324.10.1201/9780203647295.ch6Search in Google Scholar

20. Pisoschi AM, Pop A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2015;97:55-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.04010.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.04025942353Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Kniss AR. Long-term trends in the intensity and relative toxicity of herbicide use. Nat Commun 2017;14865: doi: 10.1038/ncomms1486510.1038/ncomms14865539423028393866Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Dayan FE, Owens DK, Corniani N, Silva FML, Watson SB, Howell JL, Shaner DL. Biochemical markers and enzyme assays for herbicide mode of action and resistance studies. Weed Sci 2015;63:23-63. doi: 10.1614/WS-D-13-00063.110.1614/WS-D-13-00063.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Trebst A. The mode of action of triazine herbicides in plants. In: LeBaron HM, McFarland JE, Burnside OC, editors. The Triazine Herbicides 50 Years Revolutionizing Agriculture. 1st ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2008. p. 101-10.10.1016/B978-044451167-6.50011-8Search in Google Scholar

24. LeBaron HM, McFarland JE, Burnside OC. The triazine herbicides: a milestone in the development of weed control technology. In: LeBaron HM, McFarland JE, Burnside OC, editors. The Triazine Herbicides 50 Years Revolutionizing Agriculture. 1st ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2008. p. 1-12.10.1016/B978-044451167-6.50004-0Search in Google Scholar

25. UK Rapporteur Monograph. Council Directive 91/414/EEC. Atrazine. Vol 3, Annex B to the Report and Proposed Decision of the United Kingdom made to the European Commission under Article 7(1) of Regulation 3600/92. Summary, Scientific Evaluation and Assessment, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

26. UK Rapporteur Monograph. Addendum to the Report Proposed Decision of the United Kingdom made to the European Commission under Article 7(1) of Regulation 3600/92. Summary, Scientific Evaluation and Assessment, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

27. UK Rapporteur Monograph. Terbuthylazine: The Report and Proposed Decision of the United Kingdom made to the European Commission under Article 8 of 91/414/EEC. August Draft, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

28. National Registrations Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals. The NRA review of atrazine, 1997 [displayed 1 June 2018]. Available at https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14331-atrazine-interim-review-report.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

29. Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). The Reconsideration of Approvals of the Active Constituent Atrazine, Registrations of Products Containing Atrazine, and Their Associated Labels. Canbera: AVMPA; 2004.Search in Google Scholar

30. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol 73. Lyon: IARC; 1999.Search in Google Scholar

31. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Atrazine Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision. Appendix L. Assessment of potential mitigation measures for atrazine. Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

32. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Memorandum. Atrazine: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision and Completion of Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process, 2006[displayed 1 June 2018]. Available at https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/atrazine_ired_finalization.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

33. European Commission. Atrazine SANCO/10496/2003-final. Review report for the active substance atrazine; Finalized in the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health at its meeting on 3 October 2003 in support of a decision concerning the non-inclusion of atrazine in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisation for plant protection products containing this active substance. European Commission Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

34. Dikshith TSS. Handbook of Chemicals and Safety. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2010.10.1201/b10335Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Pucarević M, Šovljanski R, Lazić S, Marijanović N. Atrazine in groundwater of Vojvodina Province. Water Res 2002;36:5120-6. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00245-210.1016/S0043-1354(02)00245-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36. Drevenkar V, Fingler S, Mendaš G, Stipičević S, Vasilić Ž. Levels of atrazine and simazine in waters in the rural and urban areas of North-West Croatia. Int J Environ An Ch 2004;84:207-16. doi: 10.1080/030673103100014967910.1080/0306731031000149679Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37. Sass JB, Colangelo A. European Union Bans Atrazine, while the United States negotiates continued use. Int J Occup Env Heal 2006;12:260-7. doi: 10.1179/oeh.2006.12.3.26010.1179/oeh.2006.12.3.26016967834Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Inoue-Choi M, Weyer PJ, Jones RR, Booth BJ, Cantor KP, Robien K, Ward MH. Atrazine in public water supplies and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Occup Environ Med 2016;73:582-7. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2016-10357510.1136/oemed-2016-103575507212227371663Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39. Huang P, Yang J, Ning J, Wang M, Song Q. Atrazine triggers DNA damage response and induces DNA double-strand breaks in MCF-10A cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:14353-68. doi: 10.3390/ijms16071435310.3390/ijms160714353451984626114388Search in Google Scholar

40. Wetzel LT, Luempert LG, Breckenridge CB, Tisdel MO, Stevens JT, Thakur AK, Extrom PJ, Eldridge JC. Chronic effects of atrazine on estrus and mammary tumor formation in female Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Env Health 1994;43:169-82. doi: 10.1080/1528739940953191310.1080/152873994095319137932847Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. De Roos AJ, Zahm SH, Cantor KP, Weisenburger DD, Holmes FF, Burmeister LF, Blair A. Integrative assessment of multiple pesticides as risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma among men. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:e11. doi: 10.1136/oem.60.9.e1110.1136/oem.60.9.e11174061812937207Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42. Hoar Zahm S, Weisenburger DD, Cantor KP, Holmes FF, Blair A. Role of the herbicide atrazine in the development of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993;19:108-14. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.149910.5271/sjweh.14998316777Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43. Donna A, Crosignani P, Robutti F, Betta PG, Bocca R, Mariani N, Ferrario F, Fissi R, Berrino F. Triazine herbicides and ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989;15:47-53. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.188210.5271/sjweh.18822922589Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

44. MacLennan PA, Delzell E, Sathiakumar N, Myers SL, Cheng H, Grizzle W, Chen VW, Wu XC. Cancer incidence among triazine herbicide manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med 2002;44:1048-58. doi: 10.1097/00043764-200211000-0001110.1097/00043764-200211000-0001112448356Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45. Velisek J, Stara A, Zuskova E. Effect of single and combination of three triazine metabolites at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Environ Sci Pollut R 2016;23:24289-97. doi 10.1007/s11356-016-7689-710.1007/s11356-016-7689-727650852Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

46. Chromcova L, Blahova J, Plhalova L, Zivna D, Stepanova S, Praskova E, Zelníckova L, Skoric M, Svobodova Z. The effects of atrazine exposure on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Neuroendocrinol Lett 2013;34(Suppl 2):95-101. PMID: 24362100Search in Google Scholar

47. Velisek J, Stara A, Zuskova E, Kouba A. Effects of three triazine metabolites and their mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis). Chemosphere 2017;175:440-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.08010.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.08028242459Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

48. Adeyemi JA, da Cunha Martins A, Barbosa F. Teratogenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) co-exposed to arsenic and atrazine. Comp Biochem Phys C 2015;172-173:7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.04.00110.1016/j.cbpc.2015.04.00125882832Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

49. Xing H, Li S, Wang Z, Gao X, Xu S, Wang X. Oxidative stress response and histopathological changes due to atrazine and chlorpyrifos exposure in common carp. Pestic Biochem Phys 2012;103:74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.00710.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

50. Xing H, Li S, Wang Z, Gao X, Xu S, Wang X. Histopathological changes and antioxidant response in brain and kidney of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos. Chemosphere 2012;88:377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.04910.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.04922436588Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

51. Wang X, Xing H, Jiang Y, Wu H, Sun G, Xu Q, Xu S. Accumulation, histopathological effects and response of biochemical markers in the spleens and head kidneys of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;62:148-58. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.04410.1016/j.fct.2013.08.04423994085Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

52. Jin Y, Zhang X, Shu L, Chen L, Sun L, Qian H, Liu W, Fu Z. Oxidative stress response and gene expression with atrazine exposure in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere 2010;78:846-52. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.04410.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.04420036412Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

53. Zhu LS, Shao B, Song Y, Xie H, Wang J, Wang JH, Liu W, Hou XX. DNA damage and effects on antioxidative enzymes in zebra fish (Danio rerio) induced by atrazine. Toxicol Mech Method 2011;21:31-6. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2010.52918610.3109/15376516.2010.52918621114466Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

54. Blahová J, Plhalová L, Hostovský M, Divišová L, Dobšíková R, Mikulíková I, Stěpánová S, Svobodová Z. Oxidative stress responses in zebrafish Danio rerio after subchronic exposure to atrazine. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;61:82-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.04110.1016/j.fct.2013.02.04123499751Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

55. Shukla S, Jhamtania RC, Dahiyab MS, Agarwala R. Oxidative injury caused by individual and combined exposure of neonicotinoid, organophosphate and herbicide in zebrafish. Toxicol Rep 2017;4:240-4. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.00210.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.002561511628959645Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

56. Paulino MG, Souza NES, Fernandes MN. Subchronic exposure to atrazine induces biochemical and histopathological changes in the gills of a Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus. Ecotox Environ Saf 2012;80:6-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.00110.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.00122364844Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

57. Santos TG, Martinez CBR. Atrazine promotes biochemical changes and DNA damage in a Neotropical fish species. Chemosphere 2012;89:1118-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.09610.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.09622739540Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

58. Mela M, Guiloski IC, Doria HB, Randi MAF, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Pereira L, Maraschi AC, Prodocimo V, Freire CA, Silva de Assis HC. Effects of the herbicide atrazine in neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Ecotox Environ Saf 2013;93:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.02610.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.02623623483Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

59. Nwani CD, Lakra WS, Nagpure NS, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK. Toxicity of the herbicide atrazine: effects on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Int J Env Res Pub He 2010;7:3298-312. doi: 10.3390/ijerph708329810.3390/ijerph7083298295458220948961Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

60. Owolabi OD, Omotosho JS. Atrazine-mediated oxidative stress responses and lipid peroxidation in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus. Iran J Toxicol 2017;11:29-38. doi: 10.29252/arakmu.11.2.2910.29252/arakmu.11.2.29Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

61. Demirci O, Güven K, Asma D, Öğüt S, Uğurlu P. Effects of endosulfan, thiamethoxam, and indoxacarb in combination with atrazine on multi-biomarkers in Gammarus kischineffensis. Ecotox Environ Saf 2018;147:749-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.03810.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.03828942278Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

62. Griboff J, Morales D, Bertrand L, Bonansea RI, Monferrán MV, Asis R, Wunderlin DA, Amé MV. Oxidative stress response induced by atrazine in Palaemonetes argentinus: the protective effect of vitamin E. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014;108:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.02510.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.02525038265Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

63. Figueira FH, De Aguiar LM, Da Rosa CE. Embryo-larval exposure to atrazine reduces viability and alters oxidative stress parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Phys C 2017;191:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.09.00810.1016/j.cbpc.2016.09.00827687474Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

64. Helmer SH, Kerbaol A, Aras P, Jumarie C, Boily M. Effects of realistic doses of atrazine, metolachlor, and glyphosate on lipid peroxidation and diet-derived antioxidants in caged honeybees (Apis mellifera). Environ Sci Pollut R 2015;22:8010-21. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2879-710.1007/s11356-014-2879-724728576Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

65. Williams JR. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in atrazine-treated honeybees: a laboratory and in-hive study. [PhD thesis]. Blacksburg: Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2016.Search in Google Scholar

66. EL-Shenawy NS, El-Ahmary B, Al-Eisa RA. Mitigating effect of ginger against oxidative stress induced by atrazine herbicides in mice liver and kidney. J Biofertil Biopestici 2011;2:107. doi: 10.4172/2155-6202.100010710.4172/2155-6202.1000107Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

67. Gao S, Wang Z, Zhang C, Jia L, Zhang Y. Oral exposure to atrazine induces oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis disruption in spleen of mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;ID 7978219. doi: 10.1155/2016/797821910.1155/2016/7978219512146527957240Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

68. Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R. Oxidative stress induced by atrazine in rat erythrocytes: mitigating effect of vitamin E. Toxicol Mech Method 2010;20:119-26. doi: 10.3109/1537651100360625310.3109/1537651100360625320136348Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

69. Abarikwu SO, Adesiyan AC, Oyeloja TO, Oyeyemi MO, Farombi EO. Changes in sperm characteristics and induction of oxidative stress in the testis and epididymis of experimental rats by a herbicide, atrazine. Arch Environ Con Tox 2010;58:874-82. doi: 10.1007/s00244-009-9371-210.1007/s00244-009-9371-219672647Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

70. Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R. Effects on antioxidant status of liver following atrazine exposure and its attenuation by vitamin E. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2011;63:269-76. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.01.00510.1016/j.etp.2010.01.00520138743Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

71. Pogrmić-Majkić K, Kaisarević S, Fa S, Dakić V, Glisić B, Hrubik J, Kovačević R. Atrazine effects on antioxidant status and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes after oral administration in peripubertal male rat. Environ Toxicol Phar 2012;34:495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.06.00410.1016/j.etap.2012.06.00422797327Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

72. Shirisha K, Mastan M. Effect of antioxidant status on liver following atrazine exposure and its protection by Andrographis paniculata. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci 2013;7:36-41.Search in Google Scholar

73. Abarikwu SO. Protective effect of quercetin on atrazine-induced oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, brain, and heart of adult Wistar rats. Toxicol Int 2014;21:148-55. doi: 10.4103/0971-6580.13979410.4103/0971-6580.139794417055525253923Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

74. Jestadi DB, Phaniendra A, Babji U, Srinu T, Shanmuganathan B, Periyasamy L. Effects of short term exposure of atrazine on the liver and kidney of normal and diabetic rats. J Toxicol 2014;ID 536759. doi: 10.1155/2014/53675910.1155/2014/536759419878025349608Search in Google Scholar

75. Jestadi DB, Phaniendra A, Babji U, Shanmuganathan B, Periyasamy L. Effects of atrazine on reproductive health of nondiabetic and diabetic male rats. Int Sch Res Notices 2014;ID 676013. doi: 10.1155/2014/67601310.1155/2014/676013489733727433493Search in Google Scholar

76. Liu W, Du Y, Liu J, Wang H, Sun D, Liang D, Zhao L, Shang J. Effects of atrazine on the oxidative damage of kidney in Wister rats. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;7:3235-43. PMCID: PMC4238554Search in Google Scholar

77. Abarikwu SO, Akiri OF, Durojaiye MA, Adenike A. Combined effects of repeated administration of Bretmont Wipeout (glyphosate) and Ultrazin (atrazine) on testosterone, oxidative stress and sperm quality of Wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Method 2015;25:70-80. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2014.98934910.3109/15376516.2014.98934925403740Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

78. Abarikwu SO, Duru QC, Chinonso OV, Njoku RC. Antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage in the testis and epididymis, and steroidogenesis in rats after co-exposure to atrazine and ethanol. Andrologia 2016;48:548-57. doi: 10.1111/and.1247810.1111/.12478Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

79. Abass MS, Elkhateeb SA, EL-Baset SAA, Kattaia AA, Mohamed EM, Atteia HH. Lycopene ameliorates atrazine-induced oxidative damage in adrenal cortex of male rats by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Environ Sci Pollut R 2016;23:15262-74. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6637-x10.1007/s11356-016-6637-xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

80. Adedosu O, Badmus A, Adeleke G, Raji R, Akintolaa L. Telfairia occidentalis seed extract protects against oxidative stress, inflammation and some haematological disorders associated with atrazine-induced prostate cancer in rats. Eur J Cancer 2017;72(Suppl 1):S94. doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(17)30393-310.1016/S0959-8049(17)30393-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

81. Torres C, Ribas G, Xamena N, Creus A, Marcos R. Genotoxicity of four herbicides in the Drosophila wing spot test. Mutat Res 1992;280:291-95. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(92)90060-D10.1016/0165-1218(92)90060-Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

82. Marcus SR, Fiumera AC. Atrazine exposure affects longevity, development time and body size in Drosophila melanogaster. J Insect Physiol 2016;91-92:18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.00610.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.006Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

83. Narotsky MG, Best DS, Guidici DL, Cooper RL. Strain comparisons of atrazine-induced pregnancy loss in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2000;15:61-9. doi: 10.1016/S0890-6238(00)00111-810.1016/S0890-6238(00)00111-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

84. World Health Organization (WHO). Terbuthylazine in drinking-water. Background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality [displayed 4 Juny 2018]. Available at http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/terbuthylazine.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

85. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance terbuthylazine, 2011 [displayed 4 Juny 2018]. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.1969/epdf10.2903/j.efsa.2011.1969/epdfOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

86. USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs. Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. Annual Cancer Report 2017 [displayed 4 Juny 2018]. Available at http://npic.orst.edu/chemicals_evaluated.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

87. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) Database on Terbuthylazine (5915-41-3). USEPA 738-R-95-005. [displayed 4 Juny 2018]. Available at https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/2645.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

88. Calderon MJ, De Luna E, Gomez JA, Hermosin MC. Herbicide monitoring in soil, runoff waters and sediments in an olive orchard. Sci Total Environ 2016;(569-570):416-22. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.12610.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.12627351146Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

89. Stipičević S, Mendaš G, Dvoršćak M, Fingler S, Galzina N, Barić K. Dissipation dynamics of terbuthylazine in soil during the maize growing season. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017;68:336-42. doi: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-306310.1515/aiht-2017-68-306329337681Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

90. Hostovsky M, Blahova J, Plhalova L, Stepanova S, Praskova E, Marsalek P, Svobodova Z. Oxidative stress parameters in early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after subchronic exposure to terbuthylazine and metribuzin. Neuroendocrinol Lett 2012;33(Suppl 3):124-9. PMID: 23353855Search in Google Scholar

91. Mikulíkova I, Modra H, Blahova J, Marsalek P, Groch L, Siroka Z, Kruzikova K, Jarkovsky J, Littnerova S, Svobodova Z. The effects of Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine) on common carp Cyprinus carpio under (sub)chronic conditions. Neuroendocrinol Lett 2011;32(Suppl 1):15-24. PMID:22167222Search in Google Scholar

92. Mikulikova I, Modra H, Blahova J, Kruziková K, Marsalek P, Bedanova I, Svobodova Z. Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine. Pol J Vet Sci 2013;16:17-23. doi: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-000310.2478/pjvs-2013-000323691571Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

93. Plhalova L, Stepanova S, Blahova J, Praskova E, Hostovsky M, Skoric M, Zelnickova L, Svobodova Z, Bedanova I. The effects of subchronic exposure to terbuthylazine on zebrafish. Neuroendocrinol Lett 2012;33(Suppl 3):113-9. PMID:2335385310.2478/v10181-012-0065-823214359Search in Google Scholar

94. Velisek J, Stara A, Koutnik D, Machova J. Effect of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy at environmental concentrations on early life stages of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Biomed Res Int 2014;ID 621304. doi: 10.1155/2014/62130410.1155/2014/621304393322224689046Search in Google Scholar

95. Koutnik D, Stara A, Zuskova E, Kouba A, Velisek J. The chronic effects of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax F. virginalis). Pestic Biochem Phys 2017;136:29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.08.00810.1016/j.pestbp.2016.08.00828187827Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

96. Velisek J, Koutnik D, Zuskova E, Stara A. Effects of the terbuthylazine metabolite terbuthylazine-desethyl on common carp embryos and larvae. Sci Total Environ 2016;539:214-20. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.15210.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.15226363394Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

97. Stara A, Zuskova E, Kouba A, Velisek J. Effects of terbuthylazine-desethyl, a terbuthylazine degradation product, on red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Sci Total Environ 2016;566-567:733-40. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.11310.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.11327239716Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

98. Loos R, Locoro G, Comero S, Contini S, Schwesig D, Werres F, Balsaa P, Gans O, Weiss S, Blaha L, Bolchi M, Gawlik BM. Pan-European survey on the occurrence of selected polar organic persistent pollutants in ground water. Water Res 2010;44:4115-26. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.03210.1016/j.watres.2010.05.03220554303Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

99. Tariba Lovaković B, Pizent A, Kašuba V, Kopjar N, Micek V, Mendaš G, Dvoršćak M, Mikolić A, Milić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Želježić D. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbuthylazine on DNA damage, oxidative stress and parent compound/metabolite levels in adult male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;108:93-103. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.04610.1016/j.fct.2017.07.04628750774Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

100. Kisby GE, Muniz JF, Scherer J, Lasarev MR, Koshy M, Kow YW, McCauley L. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers. J Agromedicine 2009;14:206-14. doi: 10.1080/1059924090282404210.1080/1059924090282404219437279Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

101. Wafa T, Nadia K, Amel N, Ikbal C, Insaf T, Asma K, Hedi MA, Mohamed H. Oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical alterations in farmers exposed to pesticides. J Environ Sci Heal B 2013;48:1058-69. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2013.82428510.1080/03601234.2013.82428524007483Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

102. Lee KM, Park S-Y, Lee K, Oh S-S, Ko SB. Pesticide metabolite and oxidative stress in male farmers exposed to pesticide. Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:5 doi: 10.1186/s40557-017-0162-310.1186/s40557-017-0162-3533174028265414Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

103. Lerro CC, Beane Freeman LE, Portengen L, Kang D, Lee K, Blair A, Lynch CF, Bakke B, De Roos AJ, Vermeulen RCH. A longitudinal study of atrazine and 2,4-D exposure and oxidative stress markers among Iowa corn farmers. Environ Mol Mutagen 2017;58:30-8. doi: 10.1002/em.2206910.1002/em.22069576355028116766Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

104. Mendaš G, Vuletić M, Galić N, Drevenkar V. Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of human exposure to atrazine: atrazine mercapturate in agricultural workers. Toxicol Lett 2012;210:171-81. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.02310.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

105. Barr DB, Panuwet P, Nguyen JV, Udunka S, Needham LL. Assessing exposure to atrazine and its metabolites using biomonitoring. Environ Health Persp 2007;115:1474-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1014110.1289/ehp.10141Search in Google Scholar

106. Gilman SD, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Vogel JS, Haack K, Buchholz BA, Freeman SP, Wester RC, Hui X, Maibach HI. Analytical performance of accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting for detection of 14C-labeled atrazine metabolites in human urine. Anal Chem 1998;70:3463-9. doi: 10.1021/ac971383v10.1021/ac971383vOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

107. Campbell Jr JL, Andersen ME, Hinderliter PM, Yi KD, Pastoor TP, Breckenridge CB, Clewell HJ 3rd. PBPK model for atrazine and its chlorotriazine metabolites in rat and human. Toxicol Sci 2016;150:441-53. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw01410.1093/toxsci/kfw014Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

108. Mendaš G, Tkalčević B, Drevenkar V. Determination of chloro- and methylthiotriazine compounds in human urine: extraction with diethyl ether and C18 solid-phase extraction for gas chromatographic analysis with nitrogen-selective and electron capture detection. Analyt Chim Acta 2000;424:7-18. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01150-810.1016/S0003-2670(00)01150-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

109. Bakke B, De Roos AJ, Barr DB, Stewart PA, Blair A, Freeman LB, Lynch CF, Allen RH, Alavanja MCR. Exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season. J Expo Sci Env Epid 2009;19:544-54. doi: 10.1038/jes.2008.5310.1038/jes.2008.53304884319052531Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

110. Curwin BD, Hein MJ, Sanderson WT, Striley C, Heederik D, Kromhout H, Reynolds SJ, Alavanja MC. Urinary pesticide concentrations among children, motjers and fathers living in farm and non-farm households in Iowa. Ann Occup Hyg 2007;51:53-65. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mel06210.1093/annhyg/mel06216984946Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

111. Chevrier C, limon G, Monfort C, Rouget F, Garlantézec R, Petit C, Durand G, Cordier S. Urinary biomarkers of prenatal atrazine exposure and adverse birth outcomes in the PELAGIE birth cohort. Environ Health Persp 2011;119:1034-41. doi: 10.1289/ehp.100277510.1289/ehp.1002775322298421367690Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

112. Mercadante R, Polledri E, Giavini E, Menegola E, Bertazzi PA, Fustinoni S. Terbuthylazine in hair as a biomarker of exposure. Toxicol Lett 2012;210:169-73.10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.01822146381Search in Google Scholar

113. Villanueva CM, Durand G, Coutté MB, Chevrier C, Cordier S. Atrazine in municipal drinking water and risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small-for-gestational-age status. Occup Environ Med 2005;62:400-5. doi: 10.1136/oem.2004.01646910.1136/oem.2004.016469174102315901888Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

114. McElroy JA, Gangnon RE, Newcomb PA, Kanarek MS, Anderson HA, Brook JV, Trentham-Dietz A, Remington PL. Risk of breast cancer for women living in rural areas from adult exposure to atrazine from well water in Wisconsin. J Expo Sci Env Epid 2007;17:207-14. doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.750051110.1038/sj.jes.750051116823399Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

115. Ochoa-Acuña H, Frankenberger J, Hahn L, Carbajo C. Drinking-water herbicide exposure in Indiana and prevalence of small-for-gestation-age and preterm delivery. Environ Health Persp 2009;117:1619-24. doi: 10.1289/ehp.090078410.1289/ehp.0900784279051920019915Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

116. Cragin LA, Kesner JS, Bachand AM, Barr DB, Meadows JW, Krieg EF, Reif JS. Menstrual cycle characteristics and reproductive hormone levels in women exposed to atrazine in drinking water. Environ Res 2011;111:1293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.09.00910.1016/j.envres.2011.09.00922000761Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

117. Reynolds P, Hurley SE, Goldberg DE, Yerabati S, Gunier RB, Hertz A, Anton-Culver H, Bernstein L, Deapen D, Horn-Ross PL, Peel D, Pinder R, Ross RK, West D, Wright WE, Ziogas A. Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and incidence of breast cancer in the California Teachers Study cohort. Environ Res 2004;96:206-18. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.03.00110.1016/j.envres.2004.03.00115325881Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

118. Rusiecki JA, De Roos A, Lee WJ, Dosemeci M, Lubin JH, Hoppin JA, Blair A, Alavanja MCR. Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to atrazine in the Agricultural Health Study. JNCI-J Natl Cancer I 2004;96:1375-82. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djh26410.1093/jnci/djh26415367570Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

119. Beane Freeman LE, Rusiecki JA, Hoppin JA, Lubin JH, Koutros S, Andreotti G, Hoar Zahm S, Hines CJ, Coble JB, Barone-Adesi F, Sloan J, Sandler DP, Blair A, Alavanja MCR. Atrazine and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (1994-2007). Environ Health Persp 2011;119:1253-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.110356110.1289/ehp.1103561323040721622085Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

120. Kromhout H, Heederik D. Effects of errors in the measurement of agricultural exposures. Scand J Work Env Hea 2005:31(Suppl 1):33-8. PMID:16190147Search in Google Scholar

121. Brouwer M, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Duyzer J, Kramer H, Hazeu G, de Snoo G, Huss A. Assessment of residential environmental exposure to pesticides from agricultural fields in the Netherlands. J Expo Sci Env Epid 2018;28:173-81. doi: 10.1038/jes.2017.310.1038/jes.2017.328327632Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

122. Sathiakumar N, MacLennan PA, Mandel J, Delzell E. A review of epidemiological studies of triazine herbicides and cancer. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011;41(Suppl 1):1-34. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2011.55479310.3109/10408444.2011.55479321425949Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

123. European Environment Agency (EEA). Hazardous Substances in Europe’s Fresh and Marine Waters. An overview. Technical report 8. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2011.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
0004-1254
Languages:
English, Slovenian
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Basic Medical Science, other