<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The World Health Organization reports that the prevalent problem of excessive weight and obesity currently affects about 1.9 billion people worldwide and is the fifth most common death factor among patients. In view of the growing number of patients with obesity, attention is drawn to the insufficient effectiveness of behavioral treatment methods. In addition to genetic and environmental factors leading to the consumption of excess energy in the diet and the accumulation of adipose tissue, attention is paid to the role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining a normal body weight. Dysbiosis – a disorder in the composition of the gut microbiota – is mentioned as one of the contributing factors to the development of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized largely by a group of Gram-negative bacteria that are indicated to be a source of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), associated with inducing systemic inflammation and endotoxemia. Research suggests that disturbances in the gut microbiota, leading to damage to the intestinal barrier and an increase in circulating LPS, are implicated in obesity and other metabolic disorders. Plasma LPS and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels have been shown to be elevated in individuals with excess body weight. Bariatric surgery has become a popular treatment option, leading to stable weight loss and an improvement in obesity-related conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the factors that promote the induction of metabolic endotoxemia and its associated health consequences, along with the presentation of their changes after bariatric surgery.</p>
</abstract>

The World Health Organization reports that the prevalent problem of excessive weight and obesity currently affects about 1.9 billion people worldwide and is the fifth most common death factor among patients. In view of the growing number of patients with obesity, attention is drawn to the insufficient effectiveness of behavioral treatment methods. In addition to genetic and environmental factors leading to the consumption of excess energy in the diet and the accumulation of adipose tissue, attention is paid to the role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining a normal body weight. Dysbiosis – a disorder in the composition of the gut microbiota – is mentioned as one of the contributing factors to the development of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized largely by a group of Gram-negative bacteria that are indicated to be a source of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), associated with inducing systemic inflammation and endotoxemia. Research suggests that disturbances in the gut microbiota, leading to damage to the intestinal barrier and an increase in circulating LPS, are implicated in obesity and other metabolic disorders. Plasma LPS and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels have been shown to be elevated in individuals with excess body weight. Bariatric surgery has become a popular treatment option, leading to stable weight loss and an improvement in obesity-related conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the factors that promote the induction of metabolic endotoxemia and its associated health consequences, along with the presentation of their changes after bariatric surgery.

Intestinal barrier disorders and metabolic endotoxemia in obesity: Current knowledge

Department of General Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine

Department of Food Commodity Science, Faculty of Health Sciences

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The World Health Organization reports that the prevalent problem of excessive weight and obesity currently affects about 1.9 billion people worldwide and is...

Papers	Sample size	Type of surgery	Time after surgery	LPS	LBP
Humans
Monte et al., 2012 [51]	15 obese patients with DM2	RYGB	6 months	↓	-
Yang et al., 2014 [52]	178 obese patients38 controls	RYGBOAGBSGAGB	1 year	-	↓
Trøseid et al., 2013 [55]	49 obese17 controls	RYGB	1 year	↓	-
Clemente-Postigo et al., 2015 [54]	50 obese	SGBPD	15 days	↔	↑ (BPD)
Clemente-Postigo et al., 2015 [54]	50 obese	SGBPD	90 days	↓ (SG)	↓ (SG)
Van Dielen et al., 2004 [56]	26 obese	VBGLAGB	3 months	-	↔
			6 months		↔
			1 year		↓
			2 years		↓
Li et al., 2019 [57]	30 obese	SG	1 month	↓	-
Animals
Hankir et al., 2020 [50]	adult, obese male Wistar rats	RYGB	6 weeks	↓	-
Guo et al., 2019 [44]	six-week-old specific pathogen-free male ZDF rats10 - RYGB20 - control	RYGB	10 weeks	↓	-
Blanchard et al., 2017 [58]	ten-week-old C57Bl/6 mice	SG	3 weeks	↑	-

Intestinal barrier disorders and metabolic endotoxemia in obesity: Current knowledge

Article Category: Review Study

Published Online: Mar 09, 2022

Page range: 71 - 80

Received: Apr 22, 2021

Accepted: Sep 09, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0008

Keywords
gut microbiome, dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, obesity, bariatric surgery, tight junction

© 2022 Marta Potrykus et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Literature review on the influence of bariatric surgery on LPS and LBP

Intestinal barrier disorders and metabolic endotoxemia in obesity: Current knowledge

Article Category: Review Study

Published Online: Mar 09, 2022

Page range: 71 - 80

Received: Apr 22, 2021

Accepted: Sep 09, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0008

Keywordsgut microbiome, dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, obesity, bariatric surgery, tight junction

© 2022 Marta Potrykus et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Literature review on the influence of bariatric surgery on LPS and LBP

Keywords
gut microbiome, dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, obesity, bariatric surgery, tight junction