Reviewing the Role of Functional Ingredients in Improving Immune Health and Disease Management in Breeding Animals: Current Perspectives and Emerging Trends

This review delves into recent advancements in livestock research, focusing on genetic diversity, disease resistance, and immune function. Through an in-depth analysis of various studies, this review elucidates the intricate interplay of genetic factors influencing disease susceptibility and resilience in livestock populations. Investigations highlight the efficacy of functional ingredients, such as plant extracts and marine-derived compounds, in enhancing immune health and disease resistance in breeding animals. Additionally, the review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of specific ingredients, shedding light on signaling pathways and gene expression profiles involved in bolstering immune function. Furthermore, the review explores emerging trends in livestock nutrition, including the utilization of fruit processing by-products to improve animal health and performance. Insights into the role of prebiotics in modulating gut microbiota and mitigating diet-related maladies provide valuable perspectives for enhancing livestock welfare and productivity. By synthesizing these findings, this review underscores the critical importance of genetic selection, dietary interventions, and immunomodulatory strategies in promoting the health and resilience of livestock populations.