The Role of Islam in ‘Radical Islam’: An Evaluation of Phenomenon and Terminology Accuracy

Abdel-Hamid, A. (2020). Tafāṣīl āyāt wa-aḥādīth ḥarrafahā “Dāʿish” litabrīr al-irhāb [Details of verses and hadiths distorted by “ISIS” to justify terrorism]. Al Arabiya. https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/egypt/2014/12/02/-داعش-لتبریر-الإرھاب -تفاصیل-آیات-وأحادیث-حرفھا

Aran, G. and Hassner, R. (2013). Religious Violence in Judaism: Past and Present. Terrorism and Political Violence. 25 (3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2012.667738 Search in Google Scholar

Blumi, I. (2015). Nothing New: Islamophobia by Default in Postwar Europe, IRCICA Journal, Special Issue, 3(6) Search in Google Scholar

Blumi, I., & Hacısalihoğlu, M. (2015). Introduction to the Special Issue: Islamophobia in Europe. Editorial Board, IRCICA Journal, Special Issue, 3(6) Search in Google Scholar

Bötticher, A. (2017). Towards Academic Consensus Definitions of Radicalism and Extremism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(4), 73–77. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26297896 Search in Google Scholar

Britannica (2024). Britannica.com (terms: Jihad; terrorism; Islamism). https://www.britannica.com/ Search in Google Scholar

Cambridge University Press (2024). Cambridge Dictionary (terms: radicalism; Jihad; terrorism; Islamism). https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ Search in Google Scholar

Campo, J. E. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. New York: Infobase Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

Eisen R. (2021). Judaism and Violence. A Historical Analysis with Insights from Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108935388 Search in Google Scholar

Eren, H. (2015). Questioning Islamophobia in the Context of Greece. IRCICA Journal, Special Issue, 3(6), 9 - 11. Search in Google Scholar

Europol (2022). Terrorism. Available at: https://www.europol.europa.eu/crime-areas/terrorism Search in Google Scholar

Hjärpe, J. (1997). What will be chosen from the Islamic basket? European review, 5(3), 267-274. Search in Google Scholar

Krueger, D. (2013). Christianity and Violence. Religion Compass, 7, 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/REC3.12044. Search in Google Scholar

Lapidot, E. (2024). Back to Exile: Current Jewish Critiques of the Jewish State. Religions. 2024; 15(2):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15020250 Search in Google Scholar

Lukinykh, E. (2015). Patriotism as the Modern Justification of Islamophobia. IRCICA Journal, Special Issue, 3(6) Search in Google Scholar

Madigan, P. (2024). Christian Inversion of Jewish Nationalist Monotheism, and Its Romantic, Revolutionary and Narcissist Corruptions. Advances in Applied Sociology, 14, 134-140. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2024.143009 Search in Google Scholar

Merriam-Webster. (2024). Merriam-Webster.com dictionary (terms: radicalism; Jihad; terrorism; Islamism). from https://www.merriam-webster.com/ Search in Google Scholar

Miller, J. (1993). The Challenge of Radical Islam. Foreign Affairs, 72(2), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/20045523 Search in Google Scholar

Mohammad, N. (1985). The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction. Journal of Law and Religion, 3(2), 381–397. doi:10.2307/1051182 Search in Google Scholar

Mohapatra, A. K. (2002). Radical Islam: Ideology behind Global Terrorism. India Quarterly, 58(2), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/097492840205800206 Search in Google Scholar

Scimmel, A. et al. (2024). Islam. Britannica. Available: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam Search in Google Scholar

Shah, S. A. A. (2005). RELIGIOUS TERRORISM IN OTHER FAITHS. Strategic Studies, 25(2), 126–141. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45242597 Search in Google Scholar

UNDP (2016). Preventing Violent Extremism Through Promoting Inclusive Development, Tolerance and Respect for Diversity: A Development Response to Addressing Radicalization and Violent Extremism. New York: UNDP Search in Google Scholar

Villiers, P. (2012). Hermeneutical Perspectives on Violence in the New Testament. Hts Teologiese Studies-theological Studies, 64, 245-273. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004221055_013. Search in Google Scholar

Volf, M. (2002). Christianity and Violence. University of Pennsylvania Scholarly Commons, 3(1), 1-16. Search in Google Scholar

Wendt, S. (2008). Christianity and Domestic Violence. Affilia, 23, 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109908314326 Search in Google Scholar