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Experimental Tests of Laminated Glass with Embedded Steel Mesh Subjected to In-Plane Loading

Marcin Kozłowski
Marcin Kozłowski
 and 
Dominik Wasik
Dominik Wasik
   | Oct 20, 2023
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Published Online: Oct 20, 2023
Page range: 77 - 88
Received: Jun 07, 2023
Accepted: Aug 02, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0035
Keywords
© 2023 Marcin Kozłowski et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Tested samples: (a) front view; (b) cross-section (exploded view). Dimensions in mm
Tested samples: (a) front view; (b) cross-section (exploded view). Dimensions in mm

Figure 2.

The offset of the holes in samples
The offset of the holes in samples

Figure 3.

Comparison of reference and reinforced samples
Comparison of reference and reinforced samples

Figure 4.

Experimental set-up: (a) front view; (b) cross-section. Dimensions in mm
Experimental set-up: (a) front view; (b) cross-section. Dimensions in mm

Figure 5.

Test stand: a) front view; b) back view
Test stand: a) front view; b) back view

Figure 6.

Experimental results: force – displacement history for selected samples of G12 series
Experimental results: force – displacement history for selected samples of G12 series

Figure 7.

Samples’ destruction phases: a) simultaneous glass breakage; b) non-simultaneous glass breakage; c) ultimate failure of reference (REF) sample, d) ultimate failure of reinforced (MESH) sample
Samples’ destruction phases: a) simultaneous glass breakage; b) non-simultaneous glass breakage; c) ultimate failure of reference (REF) sample, d) ultimate failure of reinforced (MESH) sample

Figure 8.

Failure modes of samples during tests: a) simultaneous breakage of panes; b) progressive breakage of panes
Failure modes of samples during tests: a) simultaneous breakage of panes; b) progressive breakage of panes

Figure 9.

Average decrease in Fel,max force after glass breakage: a) first mode of glass failure; b) second mode of glass failure
Average decrease in Fel,max force after glass breakage: a) first mode of glass failure; b) second mode of glass failure

Figure 10.

Results in the post-breakage phase: a) maximum force in the post-breakage phase Fcr,max; b) post-breakage load capacity Fcr,max / Fel,max for each sample
Results in the post-breakage phase: a) maximum force in the post-breakage phase Fcr,max; b) post-breakage load capacity Fcr,max / Fel,max for each sample

Figure 11.

Displacement at ultimate failure uc,ult
Displacement at ultimate failure uc,ult

Results of the experimental study

Test Series Fel,max T [kN] u(Fel,max T) [mm] Fel,max M1 [kN] u(Fel,max M1) [mm] Fel,max M2 [kN] u(Fel,max M2) [mm] Fcr,min [kN] Fcr,max [kN] ucr,ult [mm]
G8-REF 8.76 ± 0.13 1.00 ± 0.07 5.71 ± 2.18 0.82 ± 0.30 11.45 ± 2.87 1.92 ± 0.41 0.06 ± 0.01 1.24 ± 0.10 96.34 ± 2.02
G8-MESH 13.30 ± 3.18 0.92 ± 0.43 7.76 ± 2.2 0.92 ± 0,35 13.00 ± 2.67 2.05 ± 0.55 2.52 ± 0.34 4.80 ± 0.22 87.20 ± 10.04
G10-REF 11.10 ± 1.83 1.00 ± 0.39 12.27 ± 3.37 1.17 ± 0,27 14.98 ± 4.64 2.04 ± 0.68 0.08 ± 0.02 1.17 ± 0.13 98.29 ± 10.04
G10-MESH 20.30 ± 3.71 1.69 ± 0.10 15.20 ± 4.17 0.9 ± 0.27 21.88 ± 9.57 1.59 ± 0.28 2.32 ± 0.46 4.92 ± 0.22 85.43 ± 12.04
G12-REF 18.79 ± 5.17 1.47 ± 0.16 11.75 ± 0 1.7 ± 0 21.05 ± 0 2.02 ± 0 0.06 ± 0.01 1.23 ± 0.13 99.68 ± 11.73
G12-MESH 20.72 ± 2.85 0.87 ± 0.29 29.18 ± 5.46 1.97 ± 0,02 32.97 ± 3.07 2.60 ± 0.04 2.15 ± 0.45 4.67 ± 0.61 89.55 ± 8.28

Overview of the tested samples

Test Series Glass Thickness (mm) Interlayer
G8-REF 2 × 8 mm 2 × 1.52 mm
G8-MESH
G10-REF 2 × 10 mm
G10-MESH
G12-REF 2 × 12 mm
G12-MESH
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Language:
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Architecture and Design, Architecture, Architects, Buildings
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