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Ultrastructural variability of macrophages in the wall of selected aorto-coronary bypass grafts

Bartłomiej Perek
Bartłomiej Perek
, 
Katarzyna Kowalska
Katarzyna Kowalska
, 
Agnieszka Malińska
Agnieszka Malińska
, 
Marek Jemielity
Marek Jemielity
 and 
Michał Nowicki
Michał Nowicki
   | Dec 21, 2019
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Published Online: Dec 21, 2019
Page range: 175 - 182
Received: Nov 10, 2019
Accepted: Dec 16, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0024
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© 2019 Bartłomiej Perek, Katarzyna Kowalska, Agnieszka Malińska, Marek Jemielity, Michał Nowicki, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

FIGURE 1

Distribution of CD68-positive cells on the vascular transverse sectionsAbbreviations: RA = radial artery; SV = saphenous vein; TA = tunica adventitia; TI = tunica intima; TM = tunica media
Distribution of CD68-positive cells on the vascular transverse sectionsAbbreviations: RA = radial artery; SV = saphenous vein; TA = tunica adventitia; TI = tunica intima; TM = tunica media

FIGURE 2

Transverse sections of the consecutive layers of radial artery(a) In the subendothelial layer of RA wall, there are collagen fibers of connective tissue (black star), strata of elastic fibers of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) and a cell equipped with apparatus typical for macrophages adjacent to the latter one. A large, centrally located nucleus (white star) is surrounded by cytoplasm rich in polysomes and numerous vesicles. Lysosomes and phagosomes contain material of varying electron density (black frame - white triangles). Cellular podia of macrophages are found both in the tunica media (arrow) as well as in the tunica intima (arrow with double arrowhead). Two other cells, fibroblast (F) and vascular smooth muscle one (M) are seen in the close proximity. (b) Macrophage accompanied by smooth muscle cell (M) and embedded between collagen and elastic fibers of external elastic lamina (EEL) in the tunica media of RA is equipped with large nucleus (white star) and nucleolus inside (white arrowhead). Cell membrane with irregular outline creates many cytoplasmic podia (green frame - arrow with double arrowhead). There are also many vesicles and heterogenous lysosomes (red frame - arrows) within the cytoplasm. (c) Loosely organized collagen (black arrow) and elastic fibers (E) surround a macrophage with podia (arrow with double arrowhead). A large nucleus (white star) with nucleolus inside (white arrow) is in the central part of macrophage. A markedly reduced number of lysosomes is observed (red frame - white triangles)
Transverse sections of the consecutive layers of radial artery(a) In the subendothelial layer of RA wall, there are collagen fibers of connective tissue (black star), strata of elastic fibers of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) and a cell equipped with apparatus typical for macrophages adjacent to the latter one. A large, centrally located nucleus (white star) is surrounded by cytoplasm rich in polysomes and numerous vesicles. Lysosomes and phagosomes contain material of varying electron density (black frame - white triangles). Cellular podia of macrophages are found both in the tunica media (arrow) as well as in the tunica intima (arrow with double arrowhead). Two other cells, fibroblast (F) and vascular smooth muscle one (M) are seen in the close proximity. (b) Macrophage accompanied by smooth muscle cell (M) and embedded between collagen and elastic fibers of external elastic lamina (EEL) in the tunica media of RA is equipped with large nucleus (white star) and nucleolus inside (white arrowhead). Cell membrane with irregular outline creates many cytoplasmic podia (green frame - arrow with double arrowhead). There are also many vesicles and heterogenous lysosomes (red frame - arrows) within the cytoplasm. (c) Loosely organized collagen (black arrow) and elastic fibers (E) surround a macrophage with podia (arrow with double arrowhead). A large nucleus (white star) with nucleolus inside (white arrow) is in the central part of macrophage. A markedly reduced number of lysosomes is observed (red frame - white triangles)

FIGURE 3

Microelectrophotography of macrophages in all layers of saphenous vein(a) In the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima of SV, an “active” macrophage contains folded nucleus of irregular outline. In the closest proximity of its protrusions, vesicles of Golgi apparatus (arrows) and dilated cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (arrows with double arrowhead) are seen. Numerous vesicles, phagosomes and dense granules of variable size (red frame) indicate on phagocytic cells activity. Dense cytoplasm rich in polysomes creates branched cilia with dense vesicles and halo zone typical for primary lysosome (violet frame - arrow). (b) Strongly folded cellular membrane (arrow) features a medial macrophage. Both primary (arrow with double arrowhead) and secondary (green frame - black arrows) lysosomes as well as mitochondria containing dense mitochondrial matrix (green frame - arrowhead) and cysterns of rough endothelial reticulum (green frame - white arrow) are within cytosol of podia. Nucleus (star) of irregular shape located in the central area is surrounded by cytoplasm rich in free ribosomes and polysomes. There are bundles of collagen fibers of irregular course in the extracellular matrix (black stars). (c) Heterochromatin is positioned peripherally in the nucleus. In its close proximity mutlivesicular body (black triangle) and lysosome are found. Cytoplasm is filled with size-and content-heterogenous vesicles. Cellular membrane creates pseudopodia (arrow) without any organelle inside. Collagen fibers filled extracellular matrix (black stars)
Microelectrophotography of macrophages in all layers of saphenous vein(a) In the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima of SV, an “active” macrophage contains folded nucleus of irregular outline. In the closest proximity of its protrusions, vesicles of Golgi apparatus (arrows) and dilated cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (arrows with double arrowhead) are seen. Numerous vesicles, phagosomes and dense granules of variable size (red frame) indicate on phagocytic cells activity. Dense cytoplasm rich in polysomes creates branched cilia with dense vesicles and halo zone typical for primary lysosome (violet frame - arrow). (b) Strongly folded cellular membrane (arrow) features a medial macrophage. Both primary (arrow with double arrowhead) and secondary (green frame - black arrows) lysosomes as well as mitochondria containing dense mitochondrial matrix (green frame - arrowhead) and cysterns of rough endothelial reticulum (green frame - white arrow) are within cytosol of podia. Nucleus (star) of irregular shape located in the central area is surrounded by cytoplasm rich in free ribosomes and polysomes. There are bundles of collagen fibers of irregular course in the extracellular matrix (black stars). (c) Heterochromatin is positioned peripherally in the nucleus. In its close proximity mutlivesicular body (black triangle) and lysosome are found. Cytoplasm is filled with size-and content-heterogenous vesicles. Cellular membrane creates pseudopodia (arrow) without any organelle inside. Collagen fibers filled extracellular matrix (black stars)

An absolute number and percentage rate of CD68+ cells in the vascular layers

#RA [N=50]SV [N=50]P VALUE
Tunica intima3 (2; 13)13 (9; 23)< 0.001
0.08 (0.02; 0.12)0.19 (0.14; 0.21)0.004
12 (6; 19)30 (17; 43)0.002
Tunica media0.20 (0.10; 0.24)0,31 (0.23; 0.36)0.002
54 (28; 90)45 (32; 74)0.015
Tunica adventitia0.72 (0.60; 0.82)0.50 (0.42; 0.58)<0.001
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