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One-year follow-up of The Incredible Years Parents and Babies Program: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Maiken Pontoppidan
Maiken Pontoppidan
, 
Tróndur Møller Sandoy
Tróndur Møller Sandoy
 and 
Sihu K. Klest
Sihu K. Klest
   | Sep 15, 2020
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Article Category: research article
Published Online: Sep 15, 2020
Page range: 123 - 134
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2020-012
Keywords
© 2020 Maiken Pontoppidan et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

FIGURE 1.

Trial flowchart
Trial flowchart

Comparison of parent and child outcomes for families who received IYPB and usual care (UC) pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and follow-up (T3) with regression coefficients, and 95% confidence intervals for multiple linear regressions on imputed data controlling for site and baseline score when possible

IYPBUC
T1T2T3T1T2T3  
MeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanB95% CI
PSS-PS ¤-3,213,10-3,013,40-0.14[-0,59,0,32]
PSS-LPS ¤-0,060,07-0,060,09-0.07[-0,53,0,38]
BaM--6.69--6.490.08[-0,35,0,51]
MDI ¤7.656.057.439.726.568.86-0,03[-0,43,0,36]
WHO564.1669.9569.4959.4469.6868.190.00[-0,42,0,43]
PSOC--57.31--57.150.00[-0,51,0,51]
PRFQ-PM--9.91--8.880.32[-0,08,0,72]
PRFQ-CMS--25.37--27.03-0.18[-0,65,0,29]
PRFQ-IC--36.86--36.450.17[-0,28,0,63]
ASQ:SE-2e ¤47.1725.7329.1350.2525.1628.280.05[-0,46,0,53]
SDQ--7.86--7.690.04[-0,43,0,50]
CDQ (n=27+54)--36.25--35.680.05[-0,42,0,52]
Activities--2.89--2.97-0.22[-0,73,0,30]
Child height (cm)56.9970.3983.8357.0970.4282.780.23[-0,28,0,74]
Child weight (kilo)4.958.4012.164.868.3812.180.00[-0,50,0,50]
Single Items
Loneliness7.077.157.397.067.277.59-0.04[-0,46,0,38]
Network9.077.908.108.178.287.51-0.08[-0,43,0,28]
Confidants9.619.749.399.069.519.58-0.23[-0,62,0,16]
Overall health self-report8.708.868.408.428.527.940.17[-0,26,0,60]
Life satisfaction9.169.138.849.068.958.750.02[-0,42,0,45]
Budget7.857.297.007.426.566.700.03[-0,34,0,39]
Child temperament8.879.259.178.569.299.100.08[-0,41,0,56]
Child overall health9.599.458.979.119.429.07-0.19[-0,61,0,23]

Timing of outcomes

T1 BaselineT2 Post-testT3 Follow-up
Parent measures
Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale [KPCS]√√ 
Sense of Coherence [SOC13]√  
Major Depression Inventory [MDI10]√√√
World Health Organization Well-Being Index [WHO5]√√√
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [RSS] √ 
Parental Stress Scale [PSS] √√
Being a Mother [BaM-13]  √
Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire [PRFQ]  √
Parenting Sense of Competence [PSOC]  √
Background questions√√√
Single items on parent and child health, child temperament, parent life   
satisfaction, network, household budget√√√
Child measures
Ages and Stages Questionnaire - Social-Emotional [ASQ.SE-2e]√√√
Cognitive Development Questionnaire [CDQ]  √
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ( [SDQ]  √
Parent-Child measures
Mother and Baby Interaction Scale [MABISC] √ 
Coding Interactive Behavior-video [CIB] √ 

Regression results of interaction analyses for mothers divided into groups based on pre-intervention (T1) scores of presented measures. Results compare mothers at follow-up who received the IYPB program to those who received usual care within the groups scoring in the lowest 25th and 50th percentiles and the highest 50th and 75th percentiles

< 25% at T1< 50% at T1> 50% at T1> 75% at T1
ΒCIβCIΒCIβCI
PSS-PS ¤±0,92[-0,38,2,23]0,43[-0,47,1,33]-0,43[-1,33,0,47]-0,63[-1,64,0,37]
PSS-LPS ¤±0,46[-0,27,1,18]0,42[-0,39,1,24]-0,42[-1,24,0,39]0,18[-0,44,0,80]
BaM ¤±0,25[-1,00,1,49]-0,08[-0,94,0,79]0,08[-0,79,0,94]-0,31[-1,06,0,44]
MDI ¤-0,10[-1,25,1,05]0,01[-0,85,0,87]-0,01[-0,87,0,85]-0,02[-1,09,1,06]
WHO5-0,90[-2,19,0,38]-0,40[-1,28,0,47]0,40[-0,47,1,28]0,42[-0,56,1,40]
PSOC-0,10[-1,09,0,88]0,01[-1,03,1,04]-0,01[-1,04,1,03]-0,02[-0,94,0,90]
PRFQ-PM ¤±0,63[-0,15,1,40]0,15[-0,63,0,94]-0,15[-0,94,0,63]-0,31[-1,26,0,64]
PRFQ-CMS ±-0,18[-1,54,1,19]-0,63[-1,57,0,31]0,63[-0,31,1,57]0,49[-0,61,1,60]
PRFQ-IC ±-1,07*[-2,09,-0,06]-0,56[-1,50,0,37]0,56[-0,37,1,50]0,95[-0,03,1,94]
ASQ:SE-2e ¤0.55[-0,70,1,79]0.14[-0,86,1,14]-0.14[-1,14,0,86]-0.04[-1,31,1,23]
SDQ ¤◊0.33[-1,07,1,73]0.08[-0,88,1,04]-0.08[-1,04,0,88]-0.26[-1,29,0,78]

Sensitivity analyses comparing OLS regression without imputation, difference-in-difference estimation, and random effects modeling at follow-up for IYPB and usual care (UC) mothers

OLS (n=99)DiD (n=224)RE (n=224)
BCIBCIβCI
PSS PS ¤-0,15[-0,59,0,29]    
PSS LPS ¤-0,02[-0,45,0,41]    
WHO5-0.04[-0,43,0,35]-0.17[-0,78,0,43]-0.17[-0,69,0,35]
MDI ¤-0.02[-0,40,0,36]0.16[-0,45,0,77]0.16[-0,29,0,60]
PSOC0.02[-0,45,0,49]    
PRFQ-1-10.24[-0,15,0,62]    
PRFQ-1-2-0.28[-0,72,0,15]    
PRFQ-1-30.12[-0,31,0,54]    
BaM0.09[-0,32,0,50]    
ASQ:SE-2e ¤0.07[-0,35,0,50]0.11[-0,52,0,74]0.11[-0,47,0,68]
Activities-0.17[-0,58,0,23]    
Child height (cm)0.26[-0,17,0,69]0.25[-0,37,0,88]0.25[-0,35,0,86]
Child weight (kilo)0.06[-0,36,0,48]-0.07[-0,69,0,55]-0.07[-0,65,0,51]
SDQ0.05[-0,37,0,47]    
CDQ (n=27+54)0.21[-0,27,0,70]    
Single items
Loneliness-0.06[-0,47,0,35]-0.04[-0,63,0,54]-0.04[-0,54,0,45]
Network-0.06[-0,38,0,26]-0.25[-0,88,0,37]-0.25[-0,62,0,11]
Confidants-0.20[-0,59,0,19]-0.45[-1,03,0,13]-0.45[-1,02,0,12]
Overall health self-report0.15[-0,22,0,51]0.04[-0,60,0,68]0.04[-0,43,0,51]
Life satisfaction-0.01[-0,41,0,40]-0.05[-0,66,0,55]-0.05[-0,60,0,49]
Budget0.07[-0,26,0,39]-0.09[-0,66,0,48]-0.09[-0,49,0,32]
Child temperament-0.02[-0,45,0,42]-0.06[-0,68,0,56]-0.06[-0,67,0,54]
Child overall health-0.22[-0,56,0,12]-0.59[-1,25,0,06]-0.59*[-1,14,-0,04]
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