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Pratylenchus smoliki, a new nematode species (Pratylenchidae: Tylenchomorpha) from the Great Plains region of North America

Thomas Powers
Thomas Powers
, 
Timothy Todd
Timothy Todd
, 
Tim Harris
Tim Harris
, 
Rebecca Higgins
Rebecca Higgins
, 
Ann MacGuidwin
Ann MacGuidwin
, 
Peter Mullin
Peter Mullin
, 
Mehmet Ozbayrak
Mehmet Ozbayrak
, 
Kirsten Powers
Kirsten Powers
 and 
Kanan Sakai
Kanan Sakai
   | Dec 10, 2021
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Published Online: Dec 10, 2021
Page range: 1 - 23
Received: Jun 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-100
Keywords
© 2021 Thomas Powers et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Light microscope images of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. specimens. (A) NID 8139 female head, (B) NID 8139 female tail, (C) NID 8139 spermatheca, vulva and post-uterine sac, (D) NID 8170 female reproductive system, (E) NID 8170 female entire body, (F) NID 8137 male entire body, (G) NID 8154 spicules and bursa, (H) NID 8154 male head, (I) NID 8137 spicules and bursa, (J) NID 8154 midbody lateral lines in male.
Light microscope images of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. specimens. (A) NID 8139 female head, (B) NID 8139 female tail, (C) NID 8139 spermatheca, vulva and post-uterine sac, (D) NID 8170 female reproductive system, (E) NID 8170 female entire body, (F) NID 8137 male entire body, (G) NID 8154 spicules and bursa, (H) NID 8154 male head, (I) NID 8137 spicules and bursa, (J) NID 8154 midbody lateral lines in male.

Figure 2:

P. smoliki n. sp. SEM in en face view, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4808 Trapezoidal subdorsal and subventral lips adjoining oral disc with demarcation between sectors, six inner labial sensilla flank oral opening, (B) NID 4801 Lateral lip sectors clearly separated from oral disc and subventral/subdorsal sectors, (C) NID 4805 and (D) NID 4820 Anterior region profiles displaying two lip annuli.
P. smoliki n. sp. SEM in en face view, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4808 Trapezoidal subdorsal and subventral lips adjoining oral disc with demarcation between sectors, six inner labial sensilla flank oral opening, (B) NID 4801 Lateral lip sectors clearly separated from oral disc and subventral/subdorsal sectors, (C) NID 4805 and (D) NID 4820 Anterior region profiles displaying two lip annuli.

Figure 3:

P. smoliki n. sp. SEM of anterior region with beginning of lateral field, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4815, (B) NID 4812, (C) NID 4816, (D) NID 4817.
P. smoliki n. sp. SEM of anterior region with beginning of lateral field, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4815, (B) NID 4812, (C) NID 4816, (D) NID 4817.

Figure 4:

P. smoliki n. sp. SEM of midbody region, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4808 and (B) NID 4818 slightly protruding vulval lips, (C) NID 4807 and (D) NID 4803 lateral field with irregularly areolated lines at midbody.
P. smoliki n. sp. SEM of midbody region, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4808 and (B) NID 4818 slightly protruding vulval lips, (C) NID 4807 and (D) NID 4803 lateral field with irregularly areolated lines at midbody.

Figure 5:

SEM images of P. smoliki n. sp. tails, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. A–I exhibit the variation in tail termini, J–L illustrate male tails. (A) NID 4803, (B) NID 4819, (C) NID 4813, (D) NID 4818, (E) NID 4805, (F) NID 4811, (G) NID 4809, (H) NID 4803, (I) NID 4805, (J) NID 4817, (K) NID 4816, (L) NID 4816.
SEM images of P. smoliki n. sp. tails, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. A–I exhibit the variation in tail termini, J–L illustrate male tails. (A) NID 4803, (B) NID 4819, (C) NID 4813, (D) NID 4818, (E) NID 4805, (F) NID 4811, (G) NID 4809, (H) NID 4803, (I) NID 4805, (J) NID 4817, (K) NID 4816, (L) NID 4816.

Figure 6:

Light microscope images of Pratylenchus alleni specimens from the type locality Saline County, Illinois. (A–E) female NID 7381, (F–H) male NID 7382. (A) Entire body, (B) Head and anterior region, (C) Reproductive region, (D) Midbody lateral lines, (E) Tail, (F) Tail, bursa and spicules, (G) Head and anterior portion, (H) Entire body
Light microscope images of Pratylenchus alleni specimens from the type locality Saline County, Illinois. (A–E) female NID 7381, (F–H) male NID 7382. (A) Entire body, (B) Head and anterior region, (C) Reproductive region, (D) Midbody lateral lines, (E) Tail, (F) Tail, bursa and spicules, (G) Head and anterior portion, (H) Entire body

Figure 7:

A-C, COI DNA Maximum likelihood tree of 372 Pratylenchid sequences GTR + G 200, the tree is split into three sections, 7A, 7B, and 7C. Bootstrap values in red, brackets delimit species and haplotype groups.
A-C, COI DNA Maximum likelihood tree of 372 Pratylenchid sequences GTR + G 200, the tree is split into three sections, 7A, 7B, and 7C. Bootstrap values in red, brackets delimit species and haplotype groups.

Figure 8:

28S DNA Maximum likelihood tree of 41 Pratylenchid sequences K2P + G 500 Bootstrap values in red, brackets delimit species and haplotype groups.
28S DNA Maximum likelihood tree of 41 Pratylenchid sequences K2P + G 500 Bootstrap values in red, brackets delimit species and haplotype groups.

Figure S1:

Maximum likelihood tree of ITS1 sequences from P. smoliki n. sp. and closely related species. Bootstrap values in red.
Maximum likelihood tree of ITS1 sequences from P. smoliki n. sp. and closely related species. Bootstrap values in red.

Figure 9:

Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of six eight-week old corn hybrids. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.
Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of six eight-week old corn hybrids. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.

Figure 10:

Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of four eight-week old agronomic crop plants. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.
Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of four eight-week old agronomic crop plants. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.

Figure 11:

Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of 11 eight-week old cover crops. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.
Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of 11 eight-week old cover crops. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.

Pratylenchus specimens used for phylogenetic analysis in this study.

NID # Species Stage Locality Host Marker GenBank#
N3873 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878313
N3873 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490313
N3880 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878314
N3880 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn ITS1 OK490336
N8136 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878315
N8137 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878316
N8139 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878317
N8139 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490314
N8145 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878318
N8145 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490315
N8146 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878319
N8148 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878320
N8154 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878321
N8156 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878322
N8170 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI MK878323
N8170 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490316
N9793 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489823
N9793 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490317
N9793 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA SSU OK490342
N9795 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA SSU OK490343
N9809 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn ITS1 OK490337
N10037 P. smoliki n. sp. F Buffalo Co., NE Corn COI MK878324
N10039 P. smoliki n. sp. F Buffalo Co., NE Corn COI MK878325
N10053 P. smoliki n. sp. F Buffalo Co., NE Corn COI MK878326
N11506 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489824
N11506 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490318
N11507 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489825
N11508 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489826
N11509 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489827
N11509 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490319
N11510 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489828
N11592 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489829
N11593 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489830
N11593 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490320
N11594 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA SSU OK490344
N11595 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489831
N11595 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490321
N11600 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489832
N11602 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489833
N11603 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490322
N11605 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489834
N11607 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489835
N11612 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489836
N11613 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489837
N11614 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489838
N11614 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490323
N11618 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489839
N12448 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489840
N12451 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489841
N12451 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489842
N12453 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489843
N12453 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490324
N12454 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn ITS1 OK490338
N12457 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489844
N12458 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489845
N12459 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489846
N12463 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489847
N12463 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490325
N12464 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489848
N12465 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489849
N12466 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489850
N12467 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489851
N12468 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489852
N12469 P. smoliki n. sp. M Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489853
N12470 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489854
N12470 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn rDNA LSU OK490326
N12471 P. smoliki n. sp. F Shawnee Co., KS* Corn COI OK489855
N3717 P. alleni M Madison Co., NE Corn COI MK877458
N3717 P. alleni M Madison Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490293
N7381 P. alleni F Saline Co., IL** Soybean COI MK877459
N7382 P. alleni M Saline Co., IL** Soybean COI MK877460
N10848 P. alleni J Saline Co., IL** Soybean rDNA LSU OK490294
N10850 P. alleni F Saline Co., IL** Soybean COI MK877461
N10850 P. alleni F Saline Co., IL** Soybean rDNA LSU OK490295
N8539 P. crenatus F County Galway, IRE Pasture rDNA LSU OK490296
N9774 P. crenatus J Rwanda - COI OK489810
N6350 P. dakotaensis F Atchison Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490297
N6351 P. dakotaensis J Atchison Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490298
N6438 P. hexincisus F Graham Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490299
N7726 P. hexincisus F Big Horn Co., WY Drybean rDNA LSU OK490300
N10849 P. hexincisus J Saline Co., IL Soybean rDNA LSU OK490301
N10756 P. neglectus F Seward Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490302
N11481 P. neglectus F Gallatin Co., MT Corn COI OK489811
N11483 P. neglectus F Gallatin Co., MT Corn COI OK489812
N11485 P. neglectus F Broadwater Co., MT Corn COI OK489813
N11487 P. neglectus F Broadwater Co., MT Corn COI OK489814
N11489 P. neglectus F Broadwater Co., MT Corn COI OK489815
N11491 P. neglectus F Treasure Co., MT Corn COI OK489816
N11499 P. neglectus F Yellowstone Co., MT Corn COI OK489817
N6260 P. penetrans M Fairbanks Co., AK Peony rDNA LSU OK490303
N6261 P. penetrans J Fairbanks Co., AK Peony rDNA LSU OK490304
N7091 P. penetrans F Fairbanks Co., AK Peony rDNA LSU OK490305
N11414 P. penetrans F British Columbia, CAN Prunus sp. COI OK489818
N11415 P. penetrans F British Columbia, CAN Prunus sp. COI OK489819
N11416 P. penetrans F British Columbia, CAN Prunus sp. COI OK489820
N11417 P. penetrans F British Columbia, CAN Prunus sp. COI OK489821
N11424 P. penetrans F British Columbia, CAN Prunus sp. COI OK489822
N6383 P. scribneri F Marshall Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490306
N7833 P. scribneri J Custer Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490307
N7839 P. scribneri J Custer Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490308
N7845 P. scribneri F Custer Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490309
N10274 P. scribneri F Kearney Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490310
N10301 P. scribneri F Phelps Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490311
N10306 P. scribneri F Phelps Co., NE Corn rDNA LSU OK490312
P130021 P. scribneri - Maryland - ITS1 OK490333
P156024 P. scribneri F Florida - ITS1 OK490334
P344041 P. scribneri - - - ITS1 OK490335
N7566 P. thornei F Treasure Co., MT Corn rDNA LSU OK490327
N7567 P. thornei F Treasure Co., MT Corn rDNA LSU OK490328
N11495 P. thornei F Yellowstone Co., MT Corn COI OK489856
N11497 P. thornei F Yellowstone Co., MT Corn COI OK489857
N11422 P. vulnus F British Columbia, CAN Prunus sp. COI OK489858
N10764 Pratylenchus sp. F Sumner Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490329
N12456 Pratylenchus sp. M Shawnee Co., KS Corn COI OK489859
N10685 Pratylenchus sp. F Seward Co., KS Corn rDNA LSU OK490330
N8930 Pratylenchus sp. F Lincoln Co., AR Soybean rDNA LSU OK490331
N10841 Pratylenchus sp. J Cross Co., AR Soybean rDNA LSU OK490332
P156016 Pratylenchus sp. F Lancaster Co., NE Leadplant ITS1 OK490339
P156019 Pratylenchus sp. F Gage Co., NE Big Bluestem ITS1 OK490340
P201006 Pratylenchus sp. - Idaho - ITS1 OK490341
N84 Nacobbus aberrans M Xalatlaco, MEX - COI OK489860
N85 Nacobbus aberrans M Xalatlaco, MEX - COI OK489861
N194 Nacobbus aberrans J Sioux Co., NE Sugarbeet COI OK489862
N452 Nacobbus aberrans - Zacatecas, MEX Drybean COI OK489863
N537 Nacobbus aberrans J Chacra, ARG Tomato COI OK489864
N658 Nacobbus aberrans J Lisandro Olmos, ARG - COI OK489865

Estimates of evolutionary divergence (p-distances) over sequence pairs within (bold) and between groups.

N. aberrans P. alleni P. crenatus P. hexicisus P. neglectus P. penetrans P. scribneri P. sp. 3 P. sp Clay P. dakotaensis P. smoliki n. sp. P. sp. 9 & 10 P. sp. 7 P. sp. 5 P. thornei P. vulnus P. zeae
Nacobbus aberrans 0.105
P. alleni 0.328 0.003
P. crenatus 0.358 0.316 0.001
P. hexincisus 0.416 0.217 0.36 0.029
P. neglectus 0.314 0.3 0.36 0.381 0.02
P. penetrans 0.325 0.323 0.32 0.379 0.31 0.032
P. scribneri 0.36 0.172 0.32 0.198 0.329 0.334 0.007
P. sp. 3 0.365 0.181 0.356 0.23 0.339 0.348 0.187 0.004
P._sp_Clay 0.373 0.188 0.329 0.196 0.329 0.339 0.112 0.191 0
P. dakotaensis 0.335 0.216 0.306 0.286 0.322 0.307 0.242 0.228 0.247 0.078
P. smoliki n. sp. 0.412 0.219 0.381 0.21 0.377 0.362 0.227 0.19 0.221 0.298 0.101
P. sp. 9 & 10 0.378 0.204 0.336 0.23 0.355 0.35 0.21 0.226 0.205 0.254 0.229 0.105
P. sp. 7 0.351 0.171 0.303 0.215 0.311 0.321 0.142 0.188 0.15 0.212 0.235 0.212 0.091
P. sp. 5 0.38 0.195 0.333 0.179 0.358 0.349 0.127 0.2 0.079 0.26 0.206 0.204 0.161 0
P. thornei 0.311 0.34 0.372 0.386 0.298 0.311 0.355 0.352 0.348 0.32 0.373 0.349 0.328 0.366 0.002
P. vulnus 0.335 0.241 0.321 0.3 0.333 0.305 0.265 0.287 0.276 0.241 0.319 0.259 0.246 0.297 0.316 0.051
P. zeae 0.326 0.326 0.346 0.398 0.315 0.331 0.352 0.332 0.34 0.314 0.394 0.36 0.331 0.36 0.317 0.327 0.012
P. horti 0.331 0.26 0.331 0.296 0.317 0.31 0.243 0.23 0.244 0.217 0.308 0.246 0.228 0.277 0.295 0.254 0.299
P. fallax 0.279 0.302 0.292 0.359 0.278 0.153 0.311 0.332 0.321 0.271 0.39 0.342 0.297 0.346 0.272 0.296 0.309
P. pseudocoffeae 0.326 0.18 0.339 0.22 0.326 0.326 0.193 0.181 0.173 0.243 0.229 0.222 0.184 0.197 0.345 0.277 0.331
P. coffeae 0.314 0.231 0.28 0.302 0.324 0.293 0.229 0.249 0.237 0.224 0.291 0.24 0.224 0.257 0.304 0.244 0.303
P. hippeastri 0.307 0.234 0.318 0.3 0.325 0.307 0.247 0.246 0.255 0.201 0.278 0.256 0.228 0.267 0.326 0.246 0.317
P. loosi 0.301 0.223 0.311 0.302 0.281 0.302 0.242 0.236 0.246 0.215 0.301 0.248 0.235 0.263 0.298 0.271 0.296
P. convallariae 0.315 0.337 0.316 0.385 0.316 0.167 0.329 0.349 0.333 0.291 0.389 0.346 0.308 0.351 0.31 0.305 0.323
P. sp 0.324 0.222 0.287 0.284 0.309 0.309 0.228 0.242 0.254 0.204 0.288 0.242 0.227 0.252 0.32 0.25 0.296
P. speijeri 0.306 0.235 0.29 0.274 0.307 0.312 0.216 0.253 0.233 0.198 0.3 0.236 0.224 0.248 0.305 0.231 0.306
P. capsici 0.299 0.313 0.329 0.365 0.296 0.194 0.312 0.319 0.317 0.277 0.368 0.342 0.306 0.339 0.296 0.3 0.326
P. brachyurus 0.316 0.323 0.339 0.396 0.31 0.233 0.341 0.341 0.366 0.296 0.388 0.371 0.328 0.369 0.283 0.317 0.328
P. flakkensis 0.317 0.342 0.377 0.392 0.352 0.305 0.356 0.349 0.343 0.324 0.384 0.354 0.336 0.371 0.292 0.335 0.332
P. parazeae 0.386 0.368 0.394 0.398 0.366 0.385 0.368 0.355 0.368 0.353 0.398 0.388 0.359 0.374 0.346 0.359 0.264
P. horti P. fallax P. pseudocoffeae P. coffeae P. hippeastri P. loosi P. convallariae P. sp. C1 P. speijeri P. capsici P. brachyurus P. flakkensis P. parazeae
P. horti 0.001
P. fallax 0.292 0.007
P. pseudocoffeae 0.248 0.325 0
P. coffeae 0.229 0.291 0.252 0.008
P. hippeastri 0.224 0.304 0.256 0.185 0.023
P. loosi 0.221 0.305 0.249 0.193 0.209 0.026
P. convallariae 0.305 0.145 0.331 0.279 0.297 0.306 0.021
P. sp. C1 0.238 0.298 0.27 0.143 0.197 0.193 0.296 0.018
P. speijeri 0.215 0.294 0.241 0.118 0.164 0.181 0.283 0.109 0.005
P. capsici 0.276 0.169 0.334 0.295 0.278 0.284 0.187 0.292 0.28 0.006
P. brachyurus 0.308 0.202 0.356 0.308 0.316 0.296 0.229 0.298 0.279 0.211 0.014
P. flakkensis 0.314 0.292 0.356 0.299 0.291 0.292 0.337 0.335 0.333 0.289 0.315 0.04
P. parazeae 0.352 0.377 0.389 0.361 0.373 0.37 0.389 0.353 0.357 0.357 0.353 0.356 0.049

Measurements of P. smoliki n. sp. specimens.

Holotype N Females N Males N Juveniles
L 491 22 511.4 + 50.6 (407-604) 25 456.8 + 32.7 (415-560) 4 320.5 + 38.1 (289-385)
a 21.0 22 24.4 + 3.0 (18.8-31.9) 25 27.1 + 1.7 (23.8-31.7) 4 20.5 + 2.3 (18.0-24.1)
b 5.4 21 5.6 + 0.4 (4.8-6.6) 25 5.3 + 0.4 (4.4-5.9) 4 3.7 + 0.5 (3.3-4.5)
b′ 4.2 22 4.3 + 0.4 (3.5-4.9) 25 4.1 + 0.3 (3.6-4.6) 4 3.0 + 0.3 (2.5-3.4)
c 19.5 22 22.1 + 2.8 (17.7-31.5) 25 22.6 + 3.9 (16.7-34.1) 4 17.7 + 2.2 (15.7-21.5)
c′ 1.9 22 1.9 + 0.2 (1.6-2.2) 24 1.6 + 0.2 (1.2-2.2) 4 1.8 + 0.1 (1.7-1.9)
V % 79.4 22 79.2 + 1.4 (76.8-82.0)
Lip annules 2 22 2.0 + 0 (2-2) 25 2.0 + 0 (2-2) 4 2.0 + 0 (2-2)
St 16 22 15.1 + 0.6 (14-16) 25 14.2 + 0.6 (13-15) 4 12.7 + 0.6 (12-14)
M % 50 22 48.3 + 1.6 (44.9-51.7) 25 47.7 + 2.9 (43.1-54.7) 4 44.9 + 2.5 (41.9-48.7)
DGO 3 22 2.7 + 0.3 (2-3) 25 2.9 + 0.1 (3-3) 4 2.3 + 0.1 (2-3)
O % 17.3 22 17.7 + 1.9 (12.7-20.3) 25 20.0 + 1.2 (18.3-23.0) 4 18.3 + 1.3 (16.5-20.0)
MB % 45.1 22 44.1 + 2.5 (39.4-51.7) 25 44.6 + 2.6 (39.8-50.1) 4 42.0 + 3.2 (39.2-47.1)
Overlap 22 29.1 + 6.5 (16-41) 25 26.2 + 6.4 (14-39) 4 19.4 + 8.3 (7-27)
Body ann W 1.6 22 1.4 + 0.2 (1.0-2.0) 24 1.3 + 0.1 (1.0-1.5) 4 1.2 + 0.1 (1.0-1.3)
LFL 4 24 4.0 + 0.0 (4-4)
PUS/Bw 0.6 22 0.9 + 0.2 (1-1)
PUS/V-A % 16.1 22 22.5 + 6.4 (13.5-32.8)
Sthc L/W 22 1.1 + 0.1 (0.9-1.4)
T % 25 44.1 + 4.8 (35.0-55.0)
Spicule 25 16.8 + 0.8 (15-19)
Gubernaculum 24 4.3 + 0.6 (3-6)
Bursa: % tail 25 96.5 + 9.2 (80.5-136.5)
Tail 25 22 23.4 + 2.8 (17-29) 25 20.7 + 3.2 (13-28) 4 18.2 + 0.4 (18-19)
T/VA 0.3 22 0.3 + 0.0 (0.2-0.4)
Ran 21 22 19.7 + 3.0 (14-26) 6 18.6 + 3.0 (15-24) 4 18.0 + 1.2 (16-19)

Primers.

Marker Primer set Amplicon Size (kb) Primer Sequence (5′→ 3′) Direction Reference
COIa PsmoF4 0.42 5′-ATY GCS CCC GCC TTT GG-3’ Forward This manuscript
COI JB5 5′-AGC ACC TAA ACT TAA AAC ATA ATG AAA ATG-3′ Reverse Derycke et al. (2005)
COI JB3 0.43 5′-TTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTAT-3′ Forward Bowles et al., (1992)
COI JB5 5′-AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAAATG-3′ Reverse Derycke et al. (2005)
COI F1KF 0.95 5′- CCTACTATGATTGGTGGTTTTGGTAATTG-3′ Forward Kanzaki & Futai (2002)
COI JB5 5′-AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAAATG-3′ Reverse Derycke et al. (2005)
COI F7bPrat 0.78 5′-GGDTGRACWTTHTAYCCNCC-3′ Forward Ozbayrak et al. (2019)
COI JB5 5′-AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAAATG-3′ Reverse Derycke et al. (2005)
ITS1b rDNA2 0.62 5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′ Forward Vrain et al. (1992)
ITS1 rDNA1.58Sa 5′-ACGAGCCGAGTGATCCACC-3′ Reverse Cherry et al. (1997)
rDNA LSUc D2A 0.75 5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′ Forward De Ley et al. (1999)
rDNA LSU D3B 5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3 Reverse De Ley et al. (1999)
rDNA LSU 28s-PratF3 0.48 5′-TTTGCAAGTGGAGTGCGT-3′ Forward This manuscript
rDNA LSU 28s-PratR1 5′-AATAGTTCACCATCTTTCGGG -3′ Reverse This manuscript
eISSN:
2640-396X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, other
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