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Endophytic Beauveria bassiana increases galling of ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots with Meloidogyne incognita

Shalini Yerukala

Shalini Yerukala

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN
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Yerukala, Shalini
, 
Ernest C. Bernard

Ernest C. Bernard

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN
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Bernard, Ernest C.
, 
Kimberly D. Gwinn

Kimberly D. Gwinn

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN
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Gwinn, Kimberly D.
, 
David M. Butler

David M. Butler

Department of Plant Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN
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Butler, David M.
, 
Parwinder S. Grewal

Parwinder S. Grewal

Division of Research, Graduate Studies, and New Program Development, The University of TexasEdinburg, USA
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Grewal, Parwinder S.
 and 
Bonnie H. Ownley

Bonnie H. Ownley

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN
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Ownley, Bonnie H.
  
Aug 05, 2021
Endophytic Beauveria bassiana increases galling of ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots with Meloidogyne incognita's Cover Image
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Published Online: Aug 05, 2021
Page range: 1 - 16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-072
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© 2021 Shalini Yerukala et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Percent colonization by endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) of leaf, stem, and root samples of tomato seedlings of ‘Mountain Spring’ and ‘Rutgers’ grown from Bb-treated seed. Data from two trials were pooled. Means for the control (no Bb treatment) = 0% colonization and are not shown. Bars with the same letter are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05. (A) Data for the two cultivars were combined: (B) data for the interaction of cultivar and plant sample.
Percent colonization by endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) of leaf, stem, and root samples of tomato seedlings of ‘Mountain Spring’ and ‘Rutgers’ grown from Bb-treated seed. Data from two trials were pooled. Means for the control (no Bb treatment) = 0% colonization and are not shown. Bars with the same letter are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05. (A) Data for the two cultivars were combined: (B) data for the interaction of cultivar and plant sample.

Figure 2:

Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) and root-knot nematode (RKN) on (A) root fresh weight (g) and (B) fruit number of ‘Rutgers’ tomato evaluated in a greenhouse assay. Data for two trials were pooled for analysis. Plants were evaluated at 30 days and 60 days after treatment (DAT). Bars with the same letters or no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05 (A) and p = 0.07 (B). Combined analyses were conducted for each incubation period and trial. Treatments were Bb, RKN, RKN + Bb, and Control.
Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) and root-knot nematode (RKN) on (A) root fresh weight (g) and (B) fruit number of ‘Rutgers’ tomato evaluated in a greenhouse assay. Data for two trials were pooled for analysis. Plants were evaluated at 30 days and 60 days after treatment (DAT). Bars with the same letters or no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05 (A) and p = 0.07 (B). Combined analyses were conducted for each incubation period and trial. Treatments were Bb, RKN, RKN + Bb, and Control.

Figure 3:

Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) and root-knot nematode (RKN) on (A) root galling index at 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) and (B) egg count number at 60 DAT of ‘Rutgers’ tomato evaluated in a greenhouse assay. Plants were evaluated in two trials, and data were pooled for analysis. Treatments were Bb, RKN, RKN+Bb, and Control. No galling or RKN eggs were observed in Bb only and the Control. Bars with the same letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05.
Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) and root-knot nematode (RKN) on (A) root galling index at 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) and (B) egg count number at 60 DAT of ‘Rutgers’ tomato evaluated in a greenhouse assay. Plants were evaluated in two trials, and data were pooled for analysis. Treatments were Bb, RKN, RKN+Bb, and Control. No galling or RKN eggs were observed in Bb only and the Control. Bars with the same letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05.

Figure 4:

Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) on percentage egg hatch of root-knot nematode (RKN) extracted from ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots in a greenhouse assay. Treatments were RKN and RKN + Bb. Data for two trials is presented. For each trial, a separate analysis was performed for each day. Bars with no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05.
Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) on percentage egg hatch of root-knot nematode (RKN) extracted from ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots in a greenhouse assay. Treatments were RKN and RKN + Bb. Data for two trials is presented. For each trial, a separate analysis was performed for each day. Bars with no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p  ≤ 0.05.

Figure 5:

(A) Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) on percentage mobile root-knot nematodes (RKN) extracted from ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots in a greenhouse assay. Treatments were RKN and RKN + Bb. Data for two trials is presented. For each trial, a separate analysis was performed for each day. Bars with no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
(A) Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) on percentage mobile root-knot nematodes (RKN) extracted from ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots in a greenhouse assay. Treatments were RKN and RKN + Bb. Data for two trials is presented. For each trial, a separate analysis was performed for each day. Bars with no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 6:

(A) Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) on percentage immobile root-knot nematodes (RKN) extracted from ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots in a greenhouse assay. Treatments were RKN and RKN + Bb. Data for two trials is presented. For each trial, a separate analysis was performed for each day. Bars with no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
(A) Effect of endophytic B. bassiana (Bb) on percentage immobile root-knot nematodes (RKN) extracted from ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots in a greenhouse assay. Treatments were RKN and RKN + Bb. Data for two trials is presented. For each trial, a separate analysis was performed for each day. Bars with no letters are not different according to an F-protected LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
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