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Genetic variation within a species of parasitic nematode, Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum, in skunks

Allie N. Denham

Allie N. Denham

Department of Biology, Angelo State UniversitySan Angelo, USA
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Denham, Allie N.
, 
Malorri R. Hughes

Malorri R. Hughes

Department of Biology, Portland State UniversityPortland, USA
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Hughes, Malorri R.
, 
Robert C. Dowler

Robert C. Dowler

Department of Biology, Angelo State UniversitySan Angelo, USA
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Dowler, Robert C.
, 
Nicholas J. Negovetich

Nicholas J. Negovetich

Department of Biology, Angelo State UniversitySan Angelo, USA
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Negovetich, Nicholas J.
 and 
Loren K. Ammerman

Loren K. Ammerman

Department of Biology, Angelo State UniversitySan Angelo, USA
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Ammerman, Loren K.
  
Jan 01, 2021
Genetic variation within a species of parasitic nematode, Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum, in skunks's Cover Image
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Published Online: Jan 01, 2021
Page range: 1 - 8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-005
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© 2021 Authors, published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Life cycle of Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum in Mephitis mephitis. Large gray arrows correspond to the movement of Skrjabingylus to an intermediate or paratenic host. Large black arrows correspond to the movement to the definitive host. Smaller arrows correspond to a molt occurring and the larva progressing to the next juvenile phase.
Life cycle of Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum in Mephitis mephitis. Large gray arrows correspond to the movement of Skrjabingylus to an intermediate or paratenic host. Large black arrows correspond to the movement to the definitive host. Smaller arrows correspond to a molt occurring and the larva progressing to the next juvenile phase.

Figure 2:

Texas map showing the 25 counties represented in the analysis of Skrjabingylus within Mephitis mephitis hosts. Sample size included if greater than one.
Texas map showing the 25 counties represented in the analysis of Skrjabingylus within Mephitis mephitis hosts. Sample size included if greater than one.

Figure 3:

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of 492 base pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene for 44 samples of Skrjabingylus. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the best-fitting model, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano of DNA substitution with Gamma distribution. Bootstrap values are based on 1000 replicates and values ≥70 are shown on branches. Number with prefix ASK identifies the specific host from which the sample was collected. Prefix KP is a Genbank accession number.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of 492 base pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene for 44 samples of Skrjabingylus. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the best-fitting model, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano of DNA substitution with Gamma distribution. Bootstrap values are based on 1000 replicates and values ≥70 are shown on branches. Number with prefix ASK identifies the specific host from which the sample was collected. Prefix KP is a Genbank accession number.

Figure 4:

Median joining network showing the relationships among haplotypes of 44 samples of Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum from hosts Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale putorius interrupta using COI mtDNA. Sizes of solid black circles correlate to shared haplotypes among multiple counties. Small open circles represent hypothetical haplotypes and ticks on branches represent number of mutational steps.
Median joining network showing the relationships among haplotypes of 44 samples of Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum from hosts Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale putorius interrupta using COI mtDNA. Sizes of solid black circles correlate to shared haplotypes among multiple counties. Small open circles represent hypothetical haplotypes and ticks on branches represent number of mutational steps.

Average Kimura-2 parameter distance among outgroup taxa Skrjabingylus nasicola and Skrjabingylus petrowi and populations of Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum from Mephitis mephitis in various states based on 492 bases of COI_

S. nasicola S. petrowi S. chitwoodorum Texas South Dakota New York
S. nasicola (2) 0.000
S. petrowi (3) 0.159 0.005
S. chitwoodorum (39) 0.146 0.142 0.013
Texas (33) 0.144 0.147 – 0.010
South Dakota (3)a 0.159 0.157 – 0.023 0.030
New York (3) 0.140 0.134 – 0.018 0.023 0.002
Language:
English
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