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Morphological and molecular characterization of two species of Neothada Khan, 1973 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran, with notes on N. cancellata

Manouchehr Hosseinvand
Manouchehr Hosseinvand
, 
Ali Eskandari
Ali Eskandari
 and 
Reza Ghaderi
Reza Ghaderi
   | Feb 02, 2021
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Published Online: Feb 02, 2021
Page range: 1 - 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-131
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© 2021 Manouchehr Hosseinvand et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Iranian population of Neothada hades. Female (A-I): (A) Entire body; (B) Anterior end and pharyngeal region; (C) Lip region and stylet; (D) Stylet; (E) Reproductive system; (F) Amphidial aperture; (G) Cross section from mid-body; (H-I) Posterior end.
Iranian population of Neothada hades. Female (A-I): (A) Entire body; (B) Anterior end and pharyngeal region; (C) Lip region and stylet; (D) Stylet; (E) Reproductive system; (F) Amphidial aperture; (G) Cross section from mid-body; (H-I) Posterior end.

Figure 2:

Iranian population of Neothada hades. Female (A-K): (A) Entire body; (B-D) Lip region and stylet; (E) Amphidial aperture; (F) Cross section from mid-body; (G) Basal pharyngeal bulb and secretory-excretory pore; (H) Deirid and lateral field; (I-K) Posterior end. (Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B-K = 10 µm).
Iranian population of Neothada hades. Female (A-K): (A) Entire body; (B-D) Lip region and stylet; (E) Amphidial aperture; (F) Cross section from mid-body; (G) Basal pharyngeal bulb and secretory-excretory pore; (H) Deirid and lateral field; (I-K) Posterior end. (Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B-K = 10 µm).

Figure 3:

Iranian population of Neothada major. Female (A-I): (A) Entire body; (B) Anterior end and pharynx; (C) Lip region; (D) Stylet; (E) Amphidial aperture; (F) Cross section from mid-body; (G-H) Posterior end; (I) Reproductive system.
Iranian population of Neothada major. Female (A-I): (A) Entire body; (B) Anterior end and pharynx; (C) Lip region; (D) Stylet; (E) Amphidial aperture; (F) Cross section from mid-body; (G-H) Posterior end; (I) Reproductive system.

Figure 4:

Iranian population of Neothada major. Female (A-N): (A) Entire body; (B) Anterior end and pharyngeal region; (C-F) Lip region and stylet; (G) Amphidial aperture; (H) Annules at mid-body; (I) Vulval region; (J-L) Posterior end; (M, N) Cross section from mid-body. (Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B-N = 10 µm).
Iranian population of Neothada major. Female (A-N): (A) Entire body; (B) Anterior end and pharyngeal region; (C-F) Lip region and stylet; (G) Amphidial aperture; (H) Annules at mid-body; (I) Vulval region; (J-L) Posterior end; (M, N) Cross section from mid-body. (Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B-N = 10 µm).

Figure 5:

Iranian population of Neothada cancellata. Female (A-N): (A) Entire body; (B-F) Anterior end and stylet; (G) Vulval region; (H) Cross section from mid-body; (I-N) Posterior end.
Iranian population of Neothada cancellata. Female (A-N): (A) Entire body; (B-F) Anterior end and stylet; (G) Vulval region; (H) Cross section from mid-body; (I-N) Posterior end.

Figure 6:

Bayesian Inference analysis tree under general time-reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution model (GTR + I + G) from known and the newly sequenced Neothada hades and N. major based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion fragments of the 28 S rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (50%) are given for each clade. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.
Bayesian Inference analysis tree under general time-reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution model (GTR + I + G) from known and the newly sequenced Neothada hades and N. major based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion fragments of the 28 S rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (50%) are given for each clade. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.

Morphometric data of Neothada major, N. hades and N. cancellata from Iran.

Neothada major N. hades N. cancellata
Present study Maqbool and Shahina (1989) Present study Heyns and Van den Berg (1996) Present study
n 15 cv 15 10 cv 10 8
L 657±40.6 (600–728) 6.1 640–800 586±50.3 (505–674) 8.5 530–620 561±32.5 (501–596)
L' 579±37.8 (521–645) 6.5 – 515±48.1 (440–600) 9.3 – 491±30.9 (431–527)
Head-Vulva 461±27.2 (420–508) 5.9 – 414±35.5 (354–467) 8.5 – 396±24.4 (349–424)
R Head-Vulva 142±11.7 (120–160) 8.2 154–156 147±8.3 (127–157) 5.6 – 146±9.9 (125–156)
R Head-Anus 174±12.4 (149–194) 7.1 – 175±9.2 (152–185) 5.2 – 173± 11.1 (150–185)
Stylet 10.9±0.3 (10.3–11.7) 3.3 12–14.4 10.5±0.2 (10.0–10.8) 2.1 9.0–10.5 10.8±0.2 (10.6–11.2)
a 35.9±4.1 (29–44) 11.4 34–39 30.3±2.0 (27.0–33.7) 6.8 25–31 29.5±1.7 (27–32)
b 5.7±0.4 (5.2–6.5) 6.9 5.9–6.3 5.3±0.2 (4.8–5.7) 5.4 5.3–6.4 5.2±0.2 (4.7–5.5)
c 8.3±0.3 (7.5–8.7) 3.7 9.0–10.2 8.3±0.4 (7.5–9.1) 5.8 8.1–10.3 8.0±0.3 (7.5–8.6)
c' 6.4±0.3 (5.6–7.1) 6.1 5.5–6.0 6.0±0.3 (5.5–6.5) 5.8 4.6–6.0 6.1±0.4 (5.5–6.6)
V 70.2±0.7 (68.8–71.2) 1.0 70–73 70.6±1.1 (68.5–72.7) 1.6 70–74 70.9 ± 0.6 (70.0–71.8)
V' 79.7±0.9 (78.0–81.1) 1.1 – 80.3±1.3 (77.0–81.9) 1.6 – 80.8±0.5 (80.4–82.4)
R 202±12.5 (175–222) 6.2 215–245 204±10.1 (179–216) 4.9 149–160 189± 12.3 (175–191)
Excretory pore 97.2±8.7 (75–110) 9.0 – 94.7±5.8 (87–104) 6.1 – 92.5±6.7 (86–100)
Pharynx 114±7.6 (94–127) 6.7 108–133 109.5±8.4 (95–119) 7.7 – 107±9.3 (90–110)
R Pharynx 41±3.0 (36–50) 7.2 45–50 47±3.1 (43–52) 6.6 30–38 45±2.5 (42–50)
Annulus width 3.8±0.7 (3.2–5.6) 20.0 3.2–4.0 2.9±0.2 (2.7–3.5) 8.3 4.0–4.6 3.0±0.2 (2.6–3.6)
Body width 18.4±1.7 (15.6–21.0) 9.6 – 19.2±0.8 (17.8–21.0) 4.5 – 18.8±0.6 (18–20)
Vulva body width 17.5±1.5 (15–20) 9.0 – 17.9±0.7 (16.5–19.0) 4.0 – 17.5±0.7 (15.5–18.8)
Vulva-Anus 117±11.8 (101–137) 10.0 – 101.6±14.9 (86–138) 14.7 95±7.1 (81–103)
R Vulva-Anus 32±3.8 (28–42) 11.8 36–40 27±1.4 (25–29) 5.4 21–26 27±1.5 (25–28)
Tail/Vulva-Anus 0.6±0.1 (0.6–0.7) 7.7 – 0.7±0.1 (0.5–0.7) 10.1 – 0.7±0.1 (0.6–0.7)
Anal body width 12.2±0.9 (10.8–14.0) 7.3 – 11.5±0.5 (10.8–12.3) 4.7 – 11.1±0.5 (10.5–12.0)
Tail length 78.2±3.5 (70–83) 4.5 67–80 70.4±2.7 (65–74) 3.9 55–66 69±2.4 (65–71)
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