n. sp. (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae), and data on a known species, from Iran

Sedighe Azimi; Joaquín Abolafia; Majid Pedram

Open Access

Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae), and data on a known species, from Iran

Sedighe Azimi

Joaquín Abolafia

and

Majid Pedram

| Feb 02, 2021

Journal of Nematology

Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

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Page range: 1 - 19

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-128

Keywords
D2-D3-LSU, Hemicycliophora, H. conida, ITS, morphology, morphometrics, phylogeny, sheath nematode, taxonomy

© 2021 Sedighe Azimi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Line drawings of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. Female. A: Anterior body region; B: Spermatheca; C: Vulval region; D–F: Variation of posterior body end morphology. (Scale bar = 20 μm).

Light photomicrographs of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. Female. A: Entire body; B, C: Anterior body region; D: Reproductive system (the arrow indicates the spermatheca); E: Spermatheca; F: Vagina; G: Posterior body region.

Scanning electron micrographs of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. Female. A: Entire body; B, C: Anterior end showing labial region; D, E: En face view of labial area; F, G: Annuli ornamentation (the arrows indicate the excretory pore); H–L: Posterior body region.

Scanning electron micrographs of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. Female. A–F: Mid-body annuli ornamentation.

Light photomicrographs of Hemicycliophora conida Thorne, 1955 from Gilan province, Iran. A–G: Female. A: Anterior body region; B: Pharyngeal region; C: Lateral field at mid-body; D, E: Annuli ornamentation; F, G: Posterior body region; H, I: Male. H: Anterior body region; I: Posterior body region. (Scale bar = 20 μm).

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred from analysis of the D2-D3 domains of the LSU rDNA sequences of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. under the GTR + G + I model. (lnL = 6023.6660; freqA = 0.2165; freqC = 0.2342; freqG = 0.3064; freqT = 0.2429; R(a) = 0.4542; R(b) = 1.5000; R(c) = 1.0798; R(d) = 0.4155; R(e) = 4.2300; R(f) = 1; Pinvar = 0.3122; Shape = 0.7157). Bayesian posterior probability values more than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred from analysis of the ITS rRNA gene of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. and Iranian population of H. conida under the GTR + G + I model. (lnL = 13525.0293; freqA = 0.2348; freqC = 0.2548; freqG = 0.2520; freqT = 0.2583; R(a) = 1.6876; R(b) = 2.3417; R(c) = 1.8416; R(d) = 0.8470; R(e) = 3.6304; R(f) = 1; Pinvar = 0.1024; Shape = 0.4967). Bayesian posterior probability values more than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Morphometrics of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. from Khuzestan province, Iran.

Character	Female holotype	Female paratypes	Juvenile
n	1	20	1
L	868.7	830.3 ± 48.3 (767–893)	600
a	22.2	21.5 ± 2.1 (17.9–24.5)	18.0
b	5.9	5.8 ± 0.3 (5.4–6.5)	4.8
c	10.7	10.1 ± 1.2 (8.3–11.5)	9.8
c'	2.9	3.0 ± 0.3 (2.5–3.5)	2.6
o	11.5	12.2 ± 0.9 (9.4–15.3)	9.0
DGO	7.9	8.1 ± 0.9 (7.4–10.0)	5.5
V	85.5	84.1 ± 0.9 (82.6–85.5)	–
St	68.4	66.5 ± 2.3 (63.3–71.0)	60.8
m	81.5	80.6 ± 1.4 (77.4–83.7)	80.7
Stylet knob height	4	4.1 ± 0.5 (4–5)	3.8
Stylet knob width	7	6.6 ± 0.7 (6–8)	6.6
Excretory pore from anterior end	171	168.3 ± 6.1 (159–180)	168
Diam. at mid-body	39	38.4 ± 3.6 (32–46)	33
Diam. at anus (ABD)	27	26.8 ± 1.7 (24–29)	23
Diam. at vulva	38	38.4 ± 2.1 (35–43)	–
Vulva-anterior body distance	744	700 ± 43 (653–751)	–
Vulva-tail terminus distance	125	129.5 ± 6.0 (113–142)	–
Spermatheca-vulva distance	89	87.6 ± 13.2 (74–121)	–
Lip diam.	15	15.7 ± 0.9 (14–18)	14
Lip height	7	6.7 ± 0.7 (6–9)	6
First body annulus diam.	16	16.9 ± 0.9 (15–19)	15
Second body annulus diam.	18	18.6 ± 1.1 (16–21)	16
Pharynx length	145	142.6 ± 4.8 (134–151)	125
Annulus width	4	4.1 ± 0.3 (3.4–4.7)	2.8
Tail length	81	83.3 ± 7.9 (74–92)	61
V-anus distance	45	47.9 ± 9.9 (32–64)	–
R	245	221.3 ± 8.6 (212–247)	216
RSt	19	19.5 ± 1.1 (18–21)	22
Rph	41	41.1 ± 3.2 (35–48)	46
Rex	48	47.4 ± 3.6 (42–50)	58
RV(ant)	193	185.3 ± 8.4 (167–198)	–
RV	52	47.8 ± 6.9 (38–59)	–
RVan	15	15.0 ± 3.8 (10–22)	–
Ran	37	32.9 ± 4.9 (25–47)	–
VL/VB	3.3	3.4 ± 0.3 (2.8–3.9)	–
Spermatheca length	29	19.8 ± 5.4 (14–29)	–
Spermatheca diam.	15	15.5 ± 1.6 (12–22)	–
St%L	7.8	7.9 ± 0.4 (7.5–8.4)	10

Morphometrics of Hemicycliophora conida Thorne, 1955 from Gilan province, Iran, and comparison with other population from East Azarbaijan province, Iran.

Reference	Present study		Loof (1984)
Province	Gilan province		East Azarbaijan province
Character	Female	Male	Female
n	10	5	11
L	912.0 ± 21.4 (881–928)	809.0 ± 13.6 (795–822)	820–1020
a	21.2 ± 2.5 (18.6–24.3)	37.3 ± 5.7 (31.8–43.3)	26–30
b	5.3 ± 0.2 (5.2–5.6)	–	5.0–5.6
c	11.6 ± 2.0 (10.1–14.5)	8.2 ± 0.4 (7.8–8.6)	9.7–13.6
c'	2.3 ± 0.4 (1.7–2.6)	5.2 ± 0.5 (4.6–5.6)	–
V	86.7 ± 1.0 (85.5–87.6)	–	86–89
St	92.5 ± 2.1 (90–97)	–	90–103
m	78.3 ± 4.0 (75.3–84.2)	–	–
Stylet knob height	5.0 ± 0.4 (4.3–5.6)	–	–
Stylet knob width	7.8 ± 0.5 (6.9–8.6)	–	–
Excretory pore from anterior end	178.0 ± 8.9 (169–192)	140.2 ± 13.4 (127–164)	–
Diam. at mid-body	43.5 ± 5.5 (38–50)	22 ± 3 (19–25)	–
Diam. at anus/cloaca	35.3 ± 4.3 (30–40)	19 ± 1 (18–20)	–
Diam. at vulva	46.4 ± 5.8 (40–55)	–	–
Vulva-anterior body distance	791 ± 16 (770–809)	–	–
Vulva-tail terminus distance	124.5 ± 7.8 (115–136)	–	–
Spermatheca-vulva distance	82.2 ± 10.1 (72–96)	–	–
Lip diam.	21.3 ± 2.2 (19–24)	10.7 ± 1.5 (9–12)	–
Lip height	7.5 ± 0.6 (7–8)	6.2 ± 0.8 (6–7)	–
First body annulus diam.	23.8 ± 1.9 (20–26)	–	–
Second body annulus diam.	26.1 ± 2.7 (21–30)	–	–
Pharynx length	171.0 ± 4.7 (167–176)	–	–
Annulus width	4.1 ± 0.5 (3.6–5.1)	1.9 ± 0.1 (1.8–2.0)	–
Tail length	88.0 ± 6.5 (79–94)	98.7 ± 6.1 (92–104)	–
V-anus distance	42.0 ± 19.7 (28–71)	–	–
R	230.0 ± 9.2 (224–237)	–	259–286
RSt	21.0 ± 0.9 (18–23)	–	–
Rph	38.0 ± 0.2 (38–39)	–	–
Rex	41.4 ± 1.4 (39–43)	–	48–52
RV(ant)	187.0 ± 3.5 (185–190)	–	207–226
RV	46.0 ± 4.9 (37–54)	–	–
RVan	16.0 ± 8.5 (10–22)	–	11–17
Ran	27.0 ± 2.8 (25–29)	–	35–41
VL/VB	2.7 ± 0.3 (2.2–3.4)	–	4.0–5.3
Spermatheca length	22.7 ± 5.9 (12–30)	–	–
Spermatheca diam.	31.8 ± 8.1 (15–39)	–	–
Spicules length	–	54.3 ± 2.1 (52–56)	–
Gubernaculum length	–	20.3 ± 0.6 (20–21)	–
Bursa length	–	41.7 ± 6.4 (37–49)	–

Information of the species/populations of Hemicycliophora studied in present paper and those of ingroup and outgroup taxa used in phylogenetic analyses.

			GenBank accession numbers
Species	Host	Locality	D2-D3 of LSU rDNA	ITS	Reference or identifier
H. ahvasiensis n. sp.	Phoenix dactylifera	Khuzestan province, Iran	MT901580, MT901581	MT901582, MT901583	Present study
H. californica	Salix sp.	Yolo County, CA, USA	KF430518, KF430519	KF430576	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. conida	Punica granatum	Gilan province, Iran	–	MT901584	Present study
H. conida	Unknown plant	Belgium	FN433875	–	I. Tandingan De Ley et al. (unpub.)
H. conida	Turf grasses	Football pitch, Madrid, Spain	KF430447	KF430580	P. Castillo; Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. conida	Unknown plant	Clallam County, WA, USA	KF430448	KF430579	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. dulli	Peat	South Africa	MT329669, MT329670	MT329671, MT329672	M. Rashidifard (unpub.)
H. epicharoides	Ammophila arenaria	Serranova, Brindisi, Italy	KF430512	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. epicharoides	Ammophila arenaria	S. Barrameda, Cádiz, Spain	–	KF430608	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. epicharoides	Pragmites sp.	Epiros, Greece	–	KF430606	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. floridensis	Pinus elliotti	Lake City, FL, USA	KF430506	KF430536	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. gracilis	Prunus domestica	Hamilton City, Glenn County, CA, USA	KF430480	KF430562	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. gracilis	Prunus domestica	Butte City, Glenn County, CA, USA	KF430481	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. gracilis	Unknown plant	Brooklyn Park, MN, USA	KF430482	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. gracilis	Unknown plant	California, USA	–	FN435301	I. Tandingan De Ley et al. (unpub.)
H. gracilis	Unknown plant	Sacramento County, CA, USA	–	MG019827	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. halophila	Desmoschoenus spiralis	Taylors Mistake, New Zealand	KF430444, KF430445	KF430582, KF430583	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. hellenica	Arundo donax	Filippias, Epirus, Greece	KF430453	KF430584	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. iberica	Populus nigra	Arroyo Frío, Jaén, Spain	KF430461	KF430539, KF430540	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. iberica	Quercus suber	Hinojos, Huelva, Spain	KF430462	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. iberica	Quercus suber	Santa Elena, Jaén, Spain	KF430463	KF430541	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. italiae	Ammophila arenaria	Zapponeta, Foggia, Italy	KF430458	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. labiata	Poa pratensis	South Korea	MK305971, MK305972	MK305973, MK305974	Mwamula et al. (2020)
H. lutosa	Unknown plant	Gauteng province, South Africa	GQ406240, GQ406241	GQ406237	Van den Berg et al. (2010)
H. lutosoides	Turf grasses	Madrid, Spain	KF430454	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. lutosoides	Juncus sp.	Cádiz, Spain	–	KF430537, KF430538	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. obtusa	Pinus pinea	Moguer, Huelva, Spain	KF430521	KF430578	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. onubensis1	Pinus pinea	Moguer, Huelva, Spain	KF430449, KF430450	KF430587, KF430588	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. parvana2	Turf grasses	New Hanover County, NC, USA	KF430501	–	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. parvana2	Turf grasses	Carteret County, NC, USA	KF430502	–	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. parvana2	Bentgrass	Texas, USA	KC329574	KC329575	Ma and Agudelo (2015)
H. parvana	Prunus persica	Punta Gorda, FL, USA	MG019825	–	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. parvana2	Andropogon virginicus	Paines Praire, FL, USA	–	KF430524, KF430526	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. parvana2	Turf grasses	New Hanover County, NC, USA	–	KF430528	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. poranga	Poa annua	Monterey County, CA, USA	KF430432, KF430434	KF430598	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. poranga	Turf grasses	San Francisco, CA, USA	MG019815	–	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. poranga	Unknown plants	Marin County, CA, USA	MG019816	–	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. poranga	Salix sp.	Santa Rosa, CA, USA	–	KF430590	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. poranga	Apium graveolens	Argentina	–	KF430596	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. poranga	Lepidorrhachis mooreana	San Francisco, CA, USA	–	KF430600	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. raskii	Grasses	Sacramento County, CA, USA	KF430520	KF430577	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. robbinsi3	Turf grasses	Brunswick, NC, USA	KF430488, KF430492	–	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. robbinsi3	Turf grasses	Indian Hills, CA, USA	KF430491	–	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. robbinsi3	Turf grasses	San Antonio, TX, USA	–	KF430544	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. robbinsi3	Borrichia sp.	St Augustine, FL, USA	–	KF430550	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. robbinsi3	Phoenix roebelenii	Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA	–	KF430552	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. signata	Grasses	Chemba District, Mozambique	MG019824	–	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
H. similis	Fragaria x ananassa	Cartaya, Huelva, Spain	KF430465	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. subbotini	Cinnamomum camphora	Zhejiang Province, China	MG701275–MG701277	MG701272, MG701273	Maria et al. (2018)
H. thienemanni	Salix sp.	Moscow, Russia	KF430469–KF430471	KF430570–KF430572	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. thienemanni	Populus nigra	Castillo de Locubin, Jaén, Spain	–	KF430568	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. thornei	Vitis vinifera	La Rambla, Córdoba, Spain	KF430452	KF430581	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. typica	Grasses	Gauteng province, South Africa	KF430515	KF430603	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. typica	Sugarcane	South Africa	–	GQ406238, GQ406239	Van den Berg et al. (2010)
H. vaccinii	Pinus pinaster	Carnota, Coruña, Spain	–	KF430542	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. vaccinii	Pinus pinaster	Monteagudo Isl., Pontevedra, Spain	KF430459, KF430460	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
H. vidua	Camellia sp.	South Carolina, USA	–	JQ708147	Cordero López et al. (2013)
Hemicycliophora sp.	Unknown plant	Iran	KY284835	–	E. Miraeiz, R. Heydari (unpub.)
Hemicycliophora sp. 1	Grasses	Terovo, Epirus, Greece	AY780974	KF430602	Subbotin et al. (2005); Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 2	Unknown plant	Birdlings Flat, New Zealand	KF430516, KF430517	KF430609, KF430610	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 3	Zea mays	Tingle Farms, Willcox, AZ, USA	–	KF430573, KF430574	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 5	Turf grasses	Carteret County, NC, USA	–	KF430575	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 6	Nothofagus forest	Kaitoke Waterworks, New Zealand	KF430446	KF430585, KF430586	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 7	Pinus pinea	Almonte, Huelva, Spain	KF430451	KF430589	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 8	Unknown plant	Henrieville, UT, USA	KF444173	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 8	Turf grasses	Monterey, CA, USA	KF430494	KF430559	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 9	Trifolium repens	Preveza, Greece	KF430509, KF430511, KF430514	KF430605	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 9	Agrostis sp.	Jaroslavl region, Russia	–	KF430604	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 9	Unknown plant	Brake, Germany	AY780973	–	Subbotin et al. (2005); Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 10	Salix sp.	Yolo County, CA, USA	KF430483, KF430485–KF430486	KF430566, MG019828	Subbotin et al. (2014); Van den Berg et al. (2018)
Hemicycliophora sp. 11	Andropogon virginicus	Paines Prairie, FL, USA	KF430493	KF430557, KF430558	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 12	Grasses	Saint Paul, MN, USA	KF430474	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 12	Unknown plant	Brooklyn Park, MN, USA	KF430475	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 12	Unknown plant	Sedona, AZ, USA	KF430476	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 13	Neoregelia sp.	Los Angeles County, CA, USA	KF430507, KF430508	–	Subbotin et al. (2014)
Hemicycliophora sp. 15	Unknown plant	Vicinity of Trois–Rivières, Quebec, Canada	MG019819	–	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
Hemicycliophora sp. 16	Unknown tree	east of Temecula, CA, USA	MG019818	MG019829	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
Hemicycliophora sp. 17	Unknown tree	Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo County, CA, USA	–	MG019830	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
Hemicycliophora sp. 18	Unknown plant	Vicinity of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada	MG019820	–	Van den Berg et al. (2018)
Gracilacus bilineata	Bambusa sp.	Taiwan	–	EU247525	Chen et al. (2008)
Paratylenchus bukowinensis	Unknown plant	Monopoli, Italy	AY780943	–	Subbotin et al. (2005)
Paratylenchus minutus	Annona squamosa	Taiwan	–	EF126180	Chen et al. (2009)
Paratylenchus nanus	Unknown plant	Niebüll, Germany	AY780946	–	Subbotin et al. (2005)
Trophotylenchulus floridensis	Pinus elliottii	Crystal river, Florida, USA	–	JN112261	Tanha Maafi et al. (2012)

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Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae), and data on a known species, from Iran

Published Online: Feb 02, 2021

Page range: 1 - 19

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-128

Keywords
D2-D3-LSU, Hemicycliophora, H. conida, ITS, morphology, morphometrics, phylogeny, sheath nematode, taxonomy

© 2021 Sedighe Azimi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7:

Morphometrics of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. from Khuzestan province, Iran.

Morphometrics of Hemicycliophora conida Thorne, 1955 from Gilan province, Iran, and comparison with other population from East Azarbaijan province, Iran.

Information of the species/populations of Hemicycliophora studied in present paper and those of ingroup and outgroup taxa used in phylogenetic analyses.

Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae), and data on a known species, from Iran

Published Online: Feb 02, 2021

Page range: 1 - 19

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-128

KeywordsD2-D3-LSU, Hemicycliophora, H. conida, ITS, morphology, morphometrics, phylogeny, sheath nematode, taxonomy

© 2021 Sedighe Azimi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7:

Morphometrics of Hemicycliophora ahvasiensis n. sp. from Khuzestan province, Iran.

Morphometrics of Hemicycliophora conida Thorne, 1955 from Gilan province, Iran, and comparison with other population from East Azarbaijan province, Iran.

Information of the species/populations of Hemicycliophora studied in present paper and those of ingroup and outgroup taxa used in phylogenetic analyses.

Keywords
D2-D3-LSU, Hemicycliophora, H. conida, ITS, morphology, morphometrics, phylogeny, sheath nematode, taxonomy