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Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes in oil emulsions and control effectiveness on adult engorged ticks (Acari: Ixodida)

Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños
Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños
, 
Jaime Ruiz-Vega
Jaime Ruiz-Vega
, 
Yolanda D. Ortiz Hernández
Yolanda D. Ortiz Hernández
 and 
Julio C. Jiménez Castañeda
Julio C. Jiménez Castañeda
   | Mar 29, 2019
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Article Category: Arts & Humanities
Published Online: Mar 29, 2019
Page range: 1 - 10
Received: Aug 07, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-001
© 2019 Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Survival of IJs in five vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 13%.
Survival of IJs in five vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 13%.

Figure 2

Survival of EPNs in oil emulsions of J. virginiana and C. citratus at a concentration of 13% under laboratory conditions.
Survival of EPNs in oil emulsions of J. virginiana and C. citratus at a concentration of 13% under laboratory conditions.

Figure 3

Effectivity of EPNs at concentration of 50 IJs/tick in vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 33% on engorged adult ticks. Bars with unequal letters are statistically different (Tukey, P ˂ 0.05).
Effectivity of EPNs at concentration of 50 IJs/tick in vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 33% on engorged adult ticks. Bars with unequal letters are statistically different (Tukey, P ˂ 0.05).

Figure 4

Effectivity of EPNs at concentration of 100 IJs/tick in vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 33% on engorged adult ticks. Bars with unequal letters are statistically different (Tukey, P ˂ 0.05).
Effectivity of EPNs at concentration of 100 IJs/tick in vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 33% on engorged adult ticks. Bars with unequal letters are statistically different (Tukey, P ˂ 0.05).

Figure 5

Control effectiveness of S. websteri at 119 IJs/tick in two vegetable oil emulsions at a concentration of 33% and a Control with S. websteri in only distilled water.
Control effectiveness of S. websteri at 119 IJs/tick in two vegetable oil emulsions at a concentration of 33% and a Control with S. websteri in only distilled water.

Treatments of EPNs in vegetable oil emulsions to evaluate the survival of IJs and control effectivity on adult ticks.

Final composition
Experiment Treatment (%) Oil (µL) Amount of IJs Distilled water (µL)
Survival Heterorhabdistis bacteriophora – C. citratus 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora–Pelargonium 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –J. virginiana 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –Rose 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –M. piperita 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora -AD (control) 0 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema carpocapsae –C. citratus 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema carpocapsae –Pelargonium 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema carpocapsae –J. virginiana 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema carpocapsae –Rose 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema carpocapsae –M. piperita 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema carpocapsae -AD (control) 0 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema websteri –Pelargonium 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema websteri –Rose 13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema websteri –M. piperita13 300 400 ± 20 2,000
Steinernema websteri -AD (Control) 0 400 ± 20 2,000
Control effectiveness in laboratory Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 33 833 50 ± 5 1,667
Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 33 833 50 ± 5 1,667
Steinernema carpocapsae –J. virginiana 33 833 50 ± 5 1,667
Steinernema carpocapsae –C. citratus 33 833 50 ± 5 1,667
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –J. virginiana 33 833 50 ± 5 1,667
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –C. citratus 33 833 50 ± 5 1,667
Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 33 833 100 ± 10 1,667
Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 33 833 100 ± 10 1,667
Steinernema carpocapsae –J. virginiana 33 833 100 ± 10 1,667
Steinernema carpocapsae –C. citratus 33 833 100 ± 10 1,667
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –J. virginiana 33 833 100 ± 10 1,667
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –C. citratus 33 833 100 ± 10 1,667
Control effectiveness in field Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 33 833 119 ± 10 1,667
Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 33 833 119 ± 10 1,667
Steinernema websteri -AD (Control) 0 119 ± 10 2,500
eISSN:
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Language:
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