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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Paralongidorus sali Siddiqi, Hooper, and Khan, 1963 with a Description of the First-Stage Juvenile and Male of Longidorus jonesi Siddiqi, 1962 from China

Ruihang Cai
Ruihang Cai
, 
Munawar Maria
Munawar Maria
, 
Nan Qu
Nan Qu
, 
Pablo Castillo
Pablo Castillo
 and 
Jingwu Zheng
Jingwu Zheng
   | Jan 11, 2018
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Article Category: research-article
Published Online: Jan 11, 2018
Page range: 1 - 18
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-016
Keywords
© 2018 Ruihang Cai et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Light micrographs of Paralongidorus sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). Female: A, Pharynx; B–D, Lip region arrow showing amphid; E, Gonad; F, Tail region arrow showing position of anus G, Tail region arrows showing position of caudal pores; H, Ventral view of vulva; I, Vulval region (Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B–D = 10 μm; E = 50 μm; F–I = 10 μm).
Light micrographs of Paralongidorus sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). Female: A, Pharynx; B–D, Lip region arrow showing amphid; E, Gonad; F, Tail region arrow showing position of anus G, Tail region arrows showing position of caudal pores; H, Ventral view of vulva; I, Vulval region (Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B–D = 10 μm; E = 50 μm; F–I = 10 μm).

Fig. 2

Light micrographs of Paralongidorus sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). A–D, lip region of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stage juveniles and female; E–H, Tail region of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stage juveniles and female (Scale bars: A–H = 10 μm).
Light micrographs of Paralongidorus sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). A–D, lip region of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stage juveniles and female; E–H, Tail region of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stage juveniles and female (Scale bars: A–H = 10 μm).

Fig. 3

Scanning electron microscopy of Paralongidorus Sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). A–C, Female head region in lateral and ventrolateral view showing internal (ip) and outer labial papillae (op), cephalic lobe (cl), cephalic papillae (cp), oral aperture (oa), and amphidial aperture (aa). D–E, Female tail in lateral and ventral view (a = anus). F–G: Vulval region (v = vulva). (Scale bars: A–C = 5 μm; D = 30 μm; E,F = 10 μm; G = 20 μm).
Scanning electron microscopy of Paralongidorus Sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). A–C, Female head region in lateral and ventrolateral view showing internal (ip) and outer labial papillae (op), cephalic lobe (cl), cephalic papillae (cp), oral aperture (oa), and amphidial aperture (aa). D–E, Female tail in lateral and ventral view (a = anus). F–G: Vulval region (v = vulva). (Scale bars: A–C = 5 μm; D = 30 μm; E,F = 10 μm; G = 20 μm).

Fig. 5

Light micrographs of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). Female: A, Pharynx; B–E, Lip regions; F, Gonad; G–H, Pharyngeal bulb; I, Entire female body; J–K, Vulval regions; L, ventral view of tail; M–O, Female tails (Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B–E, G–H, J–O = 10 μm; F = 20; I = 500 μm; am) = amphid; bp = body pores; v = vulva; svn = subventrolateral nuclei; dn = dorsal nuclei; a = anus).
Light micrographs of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). Female: A, Pharynx; B–E, Lip regions; F, Gonad; G–H, Pharyngeal bulb; I, Entire female body; J–K, Vulval regions; L, ventral view of tail; M–O, Female tails (Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B–E, G–H, J–O = 10 μm; F = 20; I = 500 μm; am) = amphid; bp = body pores; v = vulva; svn = subventrolateral nuclei; dn = dorsal nuclei; a = anus).

Fig. 6

Light micrographs of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). Male and first-stage juvenile. A, Entire body of male; B, Anterior region of male; C, Tail region of male arrows showing position of supplements (spl); D, Entire body of J1; E, ANterior region of J1 arrows showing position of guiding ring (gr) and replacement odontostyle (rodt); F–G, Tail regions of J1. (Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–C = 40 μm; D = 100 μm; E–G = 10 μm).
Light micrographs of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). Male and first-stage juvenile. A, Entire body of male; B, Anterior region of male; C, Tail region of male arrows showing position of supplements (spl); D, Entire body of J1; E, ANterior region of J1 arrows showing position of guiding ring (gr) and replacement odontostyle (rodt); F–G, Tail regions of J1. (Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–C = 40 μm; D = 100 μm; E–G = 10 μm).

Fig. 7

Light micrographs of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). A–D, lip region of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stage juveniles; E–H, Tail region of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stage juveniles (Scale bars: A–H = 10 μm).
Light micrographs of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). A–D, lip region of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stage juveniles; E–H, Tail region of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stage juveniles (Scale bars: A–H = 10 μm).

Fig. 8

Scanning electron microscopy of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). A–D, Female head region in lateral and ventrolateral view showing internal (ip) and outer labial papillae (op), oral aperture (oa), stylet (st), and amphidial aperture (aa); E–F, Female tail in lateral view (a = anus); G–H, Vulval region in lateral and ventral view (v = vulva). (Scale bars: A–D = 5 μm; E = 10 μm; F = 20 μm; G–H = 30 μm).
Scanning electron microscopy of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). A–D, Female head region in lateral and ventrolateral view showing internal (ip) and outer labial papillae (op), oral aperture (oa), stylet (st), and amphidial aperture (aa); E–F, Female tail in lateral view (a = anus); G–H, Vulval region in lateral and ventral view (v = vulva). (Scale bars: A–D = 5 μm; E = 10 μm; F = 20 μm; G–H = 30 μm).

Fig. 9

Relationship of body length to length of functional and replacement odontostyle (▲ = Odontostyle and ● = replacement odontostyle); length in three developmental stages and mature females of Longidorus jonesi.
Relationship of body length to length of functional and replacement odontostyle (▲ = Odontostyle and ● = replacement odontostyle); length in three developmental stages and mature females of Longidorus jonesi.

Fig. 10

Phylogenetic relationships within Longidorus and Paralongidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2 and D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA sequence alignment under the general time-reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (GTR + I + G: –lnL = 14601.9935; AIC = 29619.9870; freqA = 0.2204; freqC = 0.2274; freqG = 0.2934; freqT = 0.2588; R(a) = 0.7487; R(b) = 2.4740; R(c) = 1.4407; R(d) = 0.3992; R(e) = 4.6932; R(f) = 1.0000; Pinva = 0.2290; and Shape = 0.6290). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic relationships within Longidorus and Paralongidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2 and D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA sequence alignment under the general time-reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (GTR + I + G: –lnL = 14601.9935; AIC = 29619.9870; freqA = 0.2204; freqC = 0.2274; freqG = 0.2934; freqT = 0.2588; R(a) = 0.7487; R(b) = 2.4740; R(c) = 1.4407; R(d) = 0.3992; R(e) = 4.6932; R(f) = 1.0000; Pinva = 0.2290; and Shape = 0.6290). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Fig. 11

Phylogenetic relationships within Longidorus and Paralongidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequence alignment under a transitional of invariable sites model with invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (TIM2  + I + G: –lnL = 6866.9821; AIC = 14129.9643; freqA = 0.2626; freqC = 0.2109; freqG = 0.2668; freqT = 0.2597; R(a) = 1.8892; R(b) = 3.9662; R(c) = 1.8892; R(d) = 1.0000; R(e) = 7.1009; R(f) = 1.0000; Pinva = 0.7060; and Shape = 0.6020). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic relationships within Longidorus and Paralongidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequence alignment under a transitional of invariable sites model with invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (TIM2  + I + G: –lnL = 6866.9821; AIC = 14129.9643; freqA = 0.2626; freqC = 0.2109; freqG = 0.2668; freqT = 0.2597; R(a) = 1.8892; R(b) = 3.9662; R(c) = 1.8892; R(d) = 1.0000; R(e) = 7.1009; R(f) = 1.0000; Pinva = 0.7060; and Shape = 0.6020). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Morphometrics of Paralongidorus sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963). All measurements are in micrometer and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).

Characters/ratios J1 J2 J4 Females
n 25 8 13 30
L 1290 ± 46 (1205–1429) 1636 ± 116 (1621–1695) 2199 ± 204 (1819–2592) 3089 ± 243 (2647–3494)
a 52.3 ± 2.4 (46.3–56.8) 51.9 ± 2.5 （48.9–56） 52.4 ± 5.2 (43–57.8) 55.9 ± 4.4 (49.3–64.6)
b 4.4 ± 0.5 (3.8–5.9) 4.8 ± 0.3 （4.6–5.3） 5.7 ± 1 (3.9–7.6) 6.6 ± 0.5 (5.7–7.8)
c 59.4 ± 6.3 (48.5–78.9) 66.4–4.2 (58.8–73.1) 90.2 ± 10.8 (71.5–109.4) 128.7 ± 9.1 (111.9–142)
c′ 1.17 ± 0.11 (0.9–1.37) 0.97 ± 0.12 (0.72–1.11) 0.78 ± 0.08 (0.68–0.96) 0.65 ± 0.05 (0.56–0.78)
V – – – 48.6 ± 1.7 (46.2–54.3)
Total stylet 127.8 ± 3.4 (120.0–137.0) 148.2 ± 3.2 (143.0–154.0) 158.2 ± 5.0 (149.0–165.0) 186.8 ± 4.4 (179.0–196.0)
Odontostyle 77.9 ± 2 (75.0–84.0) 90.8 ± 1.6 (89.0–94.0) 100.7 ± 2.7 (95.0–104.0) 117.4 ± 3.3 (112.0–124.5)
Odontophore 50.0 ± 2.5 (44.0–54.0 56.7 ± 2.6 (52.0–61.0) 58 ± 4.2 (51.0–63.0) 68.9 ± 1.9 (66.0–74.0)
Replacement Odontostyle 89.8 ± 1.9 (87.0–93.0) 101.2 ± 1.8 (99.0–104.0) 115.3 ± 3.6 (108.0–123.0) –
Oral aperture to guide ring 23.9 ± 0.4 (23.0–25.0) 29.6 ± 0.8 (28.0–31.0) 33.7 ± 1.1 (32.0–35.0) 39.2 ± 1.2 (37.0–41.0)
Lip region width 7.7 ± 0.6 (7.0–9.0) 8.1 ± 0.5 (7.0–9.0) 9.3 ± 0.6 (9.0–10.0) 10.4 ± 0.5 (9.0–11.0)
Body width at guide ring 14.9 ± 0.4 (14.0–16.0) 17.3 ± 0.5 (17.0–18.0) 20.4 ± 0.8 (20.0–22.0) 23.4 ± 0.7 (22.0–25.0)
Anal body width 18.8 ± 0.8 (18.0–22.0) 24.5 ± 1.9 (21.0–27.0) 31.2 ± 2.2 (27.0–35.0) 36.7 ± 1.9 (33.5–41.0)
Tail length 21.9 ± 2.2 (17.0–26.5) 23.8 ± 2.1 (20.0–27.0) 24.4 ± 2.7 (22.0–31.0) 24 ± 1.7 (21.0–27.0)
Anterior end to vulva – – – 1497 ± 111 (1287–1663)
Pharynx 298.2 ± 25.8 (217.0–340.06) 341.1 ± 24.6 (295–376.8) 393 ± 40.7 (311–462) 470.7 ± 32 (413.4–528.7)
Body width at vulva – – – 53.8 ± 5.5 (48–67.4)
Hyaline tail 4.8 ± 0.4 (4.0–5.5) 5.8 ± 0.5 (5.0–6.5) 6.6 ± 0.7 (6.0–8.0) 8.5 ± 0.7 (7.0–10.0)
Max body diameter 24.7 ± 1.5 (22.5–28.0) 31.6 ± 2.9 (27.0–36.0) 42.5 ± 7.4 (33.0–60.0) 55.5 ± 5.9 (45.0–69.0)

Morphometrics of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962). All measurements are in µm and in the form: mean  ±  s.d. (range).

Characters/ratios J1 J2 J3 J4 Females Males
n 4 20 7 3 9 2
L 1227 ± 39 (1183–1278) 1440 ± 62 (1340–1571) 1603 ± 79 (1505–1756) 2570 ± 203 (2379–2784) 3534 ± 242 (3153–3785) 2619 ± 243 (2447–2791)
a 54.5 ± 4.2 (48.7–58.4) 54.4 ± 2.4 (50.7–59.2) 51.8 ± 4.0 (44.5–57.6) 52.6 ± 3.8 (48.3–55.6) 58.8 ± 3.2 (54.6–64) 50.1 ± 7 (45.1–55)
b 4.5 ± 0.1 (4.4–4.6) 5.4 ± 0.6 (4.6–6.8) 4.8 ± 0.6 (4.2–5.4) 5.8 ± 0.5 (5.4–6.4) 7.7 ± 0.4 (7.2–8.2) 5.9 ± 0.8 (5.3–6.5)
c 31.9 ± 2.9 (29.3–35.7) 34.3 ± 2.6 (31.3–42.5) 49.4 ± 5.8 (44.8–61.3) 72.5 ± 7.9 (67.9–81.6) 104 ± 9 (89.1–116.3) 70 ± 4.6 (66.8–73.3)
c′ 2.4 ± 0.1 (2.3–2.5) 2.2 ± 0.2 (1.8–2.4) 1.35 ± 0.15 (1.1–1.6) 1 ± 0.1 (0.87–1.07) 0.84 ± 0.07 (0.73–0.92) 0.98 ± 0.07 (0.93–1.03)
V/T – – – – 48.3 ± 3.3 (44–51.8) 84.7 ± 4.7 (81.4–88.0)
Total stylet 133.2 ± 2.3 (130.0–135.0) 138.1 ± 3.3 (130.0–143.0) 152.7 ± 5.8 (145.0–160.0) 183 ± 5.4 (179–189.0) 216.2 ± 8 (204.0–229.0) 198.8 ± 7 (193.8–203.7)
Odontostyle 89 ± 3.3 (86.0–94.0) 91.3 ± 2.6 (87.0–95.5) 98.7±2.2 (95.0–101.0) 113.4 ± 2.5 (112–116.0) 136.8 ± 2.9 (138.0–143.0) 129.3 ± 12.1 (120.7–137.8)
Odontophore 44.8 ± 2.6 (42.0–47.0) 47 ± 2 (43.0–50.0) 53.3 ± 5.7 (46.0–60.0) 69.7 ± 6.7 (65.0–77.0) 80.3 ± 5.9 (71.0–87.0) 73.2 ± 3.7 (70.6–75.8)
Replacement Odontostyle 91.8 ± 4.9 (88.0–99.0) 98 ± 1.8 (94.0–101.0) 115 ± 4.1 (110.0–121.0) 134.2 ± 5.5 (131–140.5) – –
Oral aperture to guide ring 40 ± 2.1 (37.0–42.0) 39.1 ± 1.6 (36.0–42.0) 51.8 ± 3 (45.0–54.0) 61.3 ± 2.7 (58.0–63.0) 75.9 ± 3.7 (71.0–82.0) 71.6 ± 0.2 (71.5–71.8)
Lip region width 7.9 ± 0.3 (7.5–8.0) 8 ± 0.2 (7.5–9.0) 10 ± 0.4 (9.5–10.5) 12.5 ± 0.4 (12.0–13.0) 14.5 ± 0.7 (14.0–15.5) 14.9 ± 0.28 (14.7–15.1)
Body width at guide ring 16.8 ± 0.5 (16.0–17.5) 17.3 ± 0.7 (16.0–19.0) 21.6 ± 1.3 (20.0–24.0) 29.3 ± 1.8 (28.0–31.0) 35 ± 2.1 (32.5–38.0) 33.9 ± 1.8 (32.6–35.1)
Anal body width 16 ± 1.7 (15.0–16.5) 19 ± 1.7 (17.0–25.0) 24.3 ± 1.5 (22.0–26.0) 36.1 ± 3.2 (33.0–39.0) 40.1 ± 3.6 (35.0–46.0) 38.2 ± 3.4 (35.8–40.6)
Tail length 38.7 ± 3 (34.0–41.0) 42.2 ± 3 (35.0–47.0) 32.7 ± 3.1 (26.0–36.0) 35.5 ± 1.8 (34.0–37.5) 33.1 ± 3.6 (27.0–38.0) 37.6 ± 5.9 (33.4–41.8)
Anterior end to vulva – – – – 1726.5 ± 92.6 (1610–1903) –
Pharynx 275.6 ± 13.1 (265.0–290.0) 267.9 ± 30.1 (199.0–299.0) 341 ± 44.2 (303.0–397.0) 442.2 ± 26.8 (421–472.5) 451.7 ± 36 (404.0–504.0) 443.7 ± 19.7 (429.7–457.6)
Body width at vulva – – – – 58.5 ± 5.5 (53.0–66.0) –
Hyaline tail 11.2 ± 1.2 (10.0–13.0) 11.6 ± 1.3 (9.0–14.5) 6.3 ± 0.4 (6.0–7.0) 7.3 ± 0.7 (6.5–8.0) 7.9 ± 1.1 (7.0–10.0) 6.5 ± 1.3 (5.6–7.4)
Max body diameter 22.6 ± 1.9 (21.0–25.0) 26.9 ± 2.9 (24.0–37.0) 31.3 ± 3 (27.0–36.0) 49.3 ± 7.6 (43.0–58.0) 60.3 ± 5.4 (54.5–67.0) 52.5 ± 2.5 (50.7–54.2)
Supplements – – – – – 7–8
Spicule – – – – – 63.4 ± 2.6 (61.5–65.2)

Comparative morphometrics of female of Longidorus jonesi (Siddiqi, 1962) from different localities. All measurements are in micrometer and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).

Xu and Hooper 1990 Xu and Hooper 1990 Siddiqi et al. (1962) Palomares-Rius et al. (2014)
Locality This study Nanjing (China) Suzhou (China) India Japan
Host Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thumb.) Oerst. Prunus persica (L.) Bastch & Curpressus funebris Endl. Prunus mune（Sleb.) Prunus armeniaca L. Prunus sp.
n 9 15 3 20 22
L(mm) 3.53 ± 0.24 (3.15–3.79) 3.92 ± 0.32 (3.57–4.86) 4.37 (3.97–4.81) 3.43 (3.17–3.48) 3.6 ± 0.3 (2.9–3.9)
a 58.8 ± 3.2 (54.6–64) 66 ± 4.7 (58–77) 64 (61–66) 66 (61–75) 67.1 ± 7.7 (55.2–84.8)
b 7.7 ± 0.4 (7.2–8.2) 9.6 ± 1.7 (7.9–14.4) 12.0 (10.9–14.3) 8.6 (8–9.3) 8.1 ± 1.4 (6.5–12.4)
c 104 ± 9 (89.1–116.3) 131 ± 14.3 (116–170) 122 (113–128) 167 (140–185) 113.3 ± 11.7 (95.9–131.5)
c′ 0.84 ± 0.07 (0.73–0.92) 0.8 ± 0.07 (0.7–1.0) 0.8 (0.8–0.9) 0.75 (0.6–0.87) 0.8 ± 0.1 (0.7–0.9)
V 48.3 ± 3.3 (44–51.8) 49 ± 1.6 (47–52) 47 (46–48) 50.8 (50–52.4) 49.7 ± 1.3 (47.2–51.4)
Total stylet 216.2 ± 8 (204.0–229.0) 190 ± 5.6 (182.0–206.0) 194 (192.0–195.0) 182.7 (174.0–192.0) –
Odontostyle 136.8 ± 2.9 (138.0–143.0) 118 ± 4.6 (109.0–131.0) 119 (117.0–120.0) 113 (107.0–120.0) 132.9 ± 5.6 (123.0–142.5)
Odontophore 80.3 ± 5.9 (71.0–87.0) 72 ± 3.4 (66.0–77.0) 75 (74.0–76.0) 68.5 (66.0–73.0) 70.5 ± 4.7 (63.0–82.5)
Oral aperture to guide ring 75.9 ± 3.7 (71.0–82.0) 68.7 ± 2.7 (64.0–72.0) 71.6 (68.0–74.0) 61.5 (57.0–66.0) 71.3 ± 3.3 (64.5–76.5)
Lip region width 14.5 ± 0.7 (14.0–15.5) 13.8 ± 0.5 (13.0–15.0) 13.8 (13.5–14.0) – 12.9 ± 0.7 (12.0–14.0)
Body width at guide ring 35 ± 2.1 （32.5–38.4） 33.8 ± 1.4 (31.8–36.4) 33.7 (32.8–34.6) – –
Anal body width 40.1 ± 3.6 (35.4–45.6) 36.8 ± 2.1 (34.1–41.9) 40.0 (37.3–42.8) – –
Tail length 33.1 ± 3.6 (27.0–38.0) 30.1 ± 2.5 (25.0–34.0) 33.8 (31.0–35.5) – 32.0 ± 2.8 (27.0–38.0)
Pharynx 451.7 ± 36 (404.0–504.0) – – – –
Anterior end to vulva 1726.5 ± 92.6 (1610–1903) – – – –
Hyaline tail 7.9 ± 1.1 (7.0–10.0) – – – –
Max body diameter 60.3 ± 5.4 (54.5–67.0) 59.4 ± 5.0 (52.0–68.0) 68.7 (65.5–72.8) – –
Presence/absence males Absence Absence Absence Absence Absence

Comparative morphometrics of females of Paralongidorus sali (Siddiqi et al., 1963) from different localities. All measurements are in micrometer and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).

This study Siddiqi et al. (1963) Choi and Duan 1988
Locality Hangzhou, China India Korea
Host Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schottky Shorea robusta Gaertn Pinus densiflora L.
n 30 20 9
L 3.09 ± 0.24 (2.65–3.49) 2.58 (2.25–2.85) 3.34 ± 0.21 (3.0–3.63)
a 55.9 ± 4.4 (49.3–64.6) 65 (60–71 ) 67.3 ± 3.4 (61.7–71.7)
b 6.6 ± 0.5 (5.7–7.8) 6.3 (5.2–7.4) 8.0 ± 0.3 (7.6–8.6)
c 128.7 ± 9.1 (111.9–142) 117 (107–129) 120.9 ± 6.8 (110.9–131)
c′ 0.65 ± 0.05 (0.56–0.78) – 0.7 (0.6–0.8)
V 48.6 ± 1.7 (46.2–54.3) 51 (50–54) 48.1 ± 1.0 (46.0–49.9)
Total stylet 186.8 ± 4.4 (179.0–196.0) – –
Odontostyle 117.4 ± 3.3 (112.0–124.5) 102 (98.0–107.0) 112.4 ± 2.5 (109.0–117.0)
Odontophore 68.9 ± 1.9 (66.0–74.0) 59 (52.0–62.0) 66.5 ± 7.3 (54.0–84.0)
Oral aperture to guide ring 39.2 ± 1.2 (37.0–41.0) 31 (30.0–32.0) 37.7 ± 1.5 (34.0–40.0)
Lip region width 10.4 ± 0.5 (9.0–11.0) – –
Body width at guide ring 23.4 ± 0.7 (22.0–25.0) – –
Anal body width 36.7 ± 1.9 (33.5–41.0) – –
Tail length 24 ± 1.7 (21.0–27.0) – –
Anterior end to vulva 1497 ± 111 (1287–1663) – –
Pharynx 470.7 ± 32 (413.0–529.0) – –
Body width at vulva 53.8 ± 5.5 (48.0–67.0) – –
Hyaline tail 8.5 ± 0.7 (7.0–10.0) – –
Max body diameter 55.5 ± 5.9 (45.0–69.0) – –
Presence/absence males Absence Absence Absence
eISSN:
2640-396X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, other
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