RISK | HAEMOPHILIA | ABO BLOOD | HAEMOGLOBIN | CHRONIC | AGE | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe | Mild or | O | Non-O | HbAA | HbAS | Present | Absent | Adults | Children | |
Patients with | 13 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 13 | 2 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 4 |
Patients | 36 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 40 | 33 | 16 | 57 | 9 | 64 |
Relative risk | RR=5.2 [C.I.95%: 1.2–21.6], p=0.02 | RR=3.3 [C.I.95%: 1.0–10.9], p=0.04 | RR=4.3 [C.I.95%: 1.0–17.9], p=0.04 | RR=13.2 [C.I.95%: 3.2–54.8], p=0.0004 | RR=9.5 [C.I.95%: 3.3–26.2], p=0.0001 |
STAGE | FEATURES |
---|---|
0 | Normal joint |
I | No skeletal abnormalities, soft tissue swelling present |
II | Osteoporosis and overgrowth of epiphysis, no cysts, no narrowing of cartilage space |
III | Early subchondral bone cysts, squaring of patella, widened notch of distal femur or humerus, preservation of cartilage space |
IV | Findings of stage III, but more advanced, narrowed cartilage space |
V | Fibrous joint contracture, loss of joint cartilage space, extensive enlargement of epiphysis, substantial disorganisation of joint |
PATTERN OF JOINTS AFFECTED | PATIENTS WITH OPIOID DEPENDENCE (N=15) | PATIENTS WITHOUT OPIOID DEPENDENCE (N=73) | P-VALUES |
---|---|---|---|
Patients with arthropathy in one or more joints: no. (%) | 13 (86.7) | 23 (26.1) | 0.006 (significant) |
Patients with more than one joint affection: no. (%) | 8 (61.5) | 3 (13.0) | 0.004 (significant) |
Patients with advanced arthropathy Stages IV and V in Arnold-Hilgartner staging classification of haemophilic arthropathy | 9 (69.2) 7 (53.8) | 6 (26.1) 12 (52.2) | 0.005 (significant) 0.07 (insignificant) |
Patients with ankle joint affectation: no. (%) | 4 (30.8) | 7 (30.4) | 0.08 (insignificant) |
Patients with elbow joint affectation: no. (%) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (17.4) | 0.06 (insignificant) |