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The ileocecal valve in transabdominal ultrasound. Part 2: Pathological lesions

Andrzej Smereczyński

Andrzej Smereczyński

International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecin, Poland
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Smereczyński, Andrzej
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Grzegorz Goncerz

Grzegorz Goncerz

Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
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Goncerz, Grzegorz
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Katarzyna Kołaczyk

Katarzyna Kołaczyk

Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecin, Poland
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Kołaczyk, Katarzyna
  
Dec 09, 2024
The ileocecal valve in transabdominal ultrasound. Part 2: Pathological lesions's Cover Image
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Article Category: Review paper
Published Online: Dec 09, 2024
Page range: 1 - 11
Received: Oct 23, 2023
Accepted: Mar 07, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2024.0031
Keywords
© 2024 Andrzej Smereczyński et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

A blocked gallstone causing small bowel obstruction was found in the terminal ileum using distance indicators
A blocked gallstone causing small bowel obstruction was found in the terminal ileum using distance indicators

Fig. 2.

A. The arrows point to the two lips of the ileocecal valve in front of which a bezoar (irregular echogenic cluster) has stopped. B. The same bezoar. Color Doppler revealed color twinkling artifacts in the bezoar
A. The arrows point to the two lips of the ileocecal valve in front of which a bezoar (irregular echogenic cluster) has stopped. B. The same bezoar. Color Doppler revealed color twinkling artifacts in the bezoar

Fig. 3.

A 24-year-old patient with food poisoning manifested by loose stools. Echogenic ileocecal valve lips, marked with numbers 1 and 2, may be seen in the shrunken cecoascending part of the colon
A 24-year-old patient with food poisoning manifested by loose stools. Echogenic ileocecal valve lips, marked with numbers 1 and 2, may be seen in the shrunken cecoascending part of the colon

Fig. 4.

Sonographic image showing ileocecal valve lips after a dietary error in a 34-year-old woman with diarrhea
Sonographic image showing ileocecal valve lips after a dietary error in a 34-year-old woman with diarrhea

Fig. 5.

Two cross-sections of a near-empty cecum show echogenic ileocecal valve (arrows) in a 31-year-old woman with campylobacteriosis
Two cross-sections of a near-empty cecum show echogenic ileocecal valve (arrows) in a 31-year-old woman with campylobacteriosis

Fig. 6.

Salmonellosis in a 51-year-old man. Hyperechoic ileocecal valve and accentuated terminal ileum (IT)
Salmonellosis in a 51-year-old man. Hyperechoic ileocecal valve and accentuated terminal ileum (IT)

Fig. 7.

Yersiniosis in a 24-year-old woman. A. Edematous ileocecal valve and mucosal folds in the ascending colon (AC). B. An enlarged lymph node with features of hyperemia is seen in the mesentery of the small bowel
Yersiniosis in a 24-year-old woman. A. Edematous ileocecal valve and mucosal folds in the ascending colon (AC). B. An enlarged lymph node with features of hyperemia is seen in the mesentery of the small bowel

Fig. 8.

A 56-year-old man with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Bilabial (1 – superior lip, 2 – inferior lip) ileocecal valve with features of lipomatosis and terminal ileum (IT)
A 56-year-old man with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Bilabial (1 – superior lip, 2 – inferior lip) ileocecal valve with features of lipomatosis and terminal ileum (IT)

Fig. 9.

An 18-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease. Two cross-sections of an inflamed bilabial ileocecal valve
An 18-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease. Two cross-sections of an inflamed bilabial ileocecal valve

Fig. 10.

A 24-year-old female patient with Crohn’s disease. A. An infiltrated hypoechoic ileocecal valve is difficult to delineate but highly hyperemic. B. The terminal ileum (IT) shows similar, pronounced features of hyperemia
A 24-year-old female patient with Crohn’s disease. A. An infiltrated hypoechoic ileocecal valve is difficult to delineate but highly hyperemic. B. The terminal ileum (IT) shows similar, pronounced features of hyperemia

Fig. 11.

A 27-year-old man with celiac disease. Ileocecal valve and thickened mucosal folds in the terminal ileum (IT) are visible
A 27-year-old man with celiac disease. Ileocecal valve and thickened mucosal folds in the terminal ileum (IT) are visible

Fig. 12.

Ileocecal valve in a 69-year-old woman with lambliosis
Ileocecal valve in a 69-year-old woman with lambliosis

Fig. 13.

Pronounced vascularization in the ileocecal valve lips in a 24-year-old man with a right iliac muscle abscess formed in the course of suppurative appendicitis. IT – terminal ileum
Pronounced vascularization in the ileocecal valve lips in a 24-year-old man with a right iliac muscle abscess formed in the course of suppurative appendicitis. IT – terminal ileum

Fig. 14.

Two hyperechoic polyps (asterisks) and their vascularization can be seen in the cecum; histopathology showed tubular adenomas
Two hyperechoic polyps (asterisks) and their vascularization can be seen in the cecum; histopathology showed tubular adenomas

Fig. 15.

A well-vascularized cecal lesion identified as a neuroendocrine tumor
A well-vascularized cecal lesion identified as a neuroendocrine tumor

Fig. 16.

Ileocecal valve infiltration (M) by an adenocarcinoma. A bezoar forming in front of the ileocecal valve can be seen to the right of the split-screen ultrasound image
Ileocecal valve infiltration (M) by an adenocarcinoma. A bezoar forming in front of the ileocecal valve can be seen to the right of the split-screen ultrasound image

Fig. 17.

Carcinoma in the ileocecal segment infiltrates the ileocecal valve (arrows). IT – terminal ileum
Carcinoma in the ileocecal segment infiltrates the ileocecal valve (arrows). IT – terminal ileum

Fig. 18.

A 69-year-old patient. A. Irregular cancerous infiltration involving the ileocecal valve region, causing gaseous distension of the terminal ileum (IT). C – cecum. B. Ileocecal valve alone, showing irregular hypoechoic thickening (arrow and distance indicators)
A 69-year-old patient. A. Irregular cancerous infiltration involving the ileocecal valve region, causing gaseous distension of the terminal ileum (IT). C – cecum. B. Ileocecal valve alone, showing irregular hypoechoic thickening (arrow and distance indicators)

Fig. 19.

A 27-year-old woman with eosinophilic enteritis causing ileocecal valve stenosis (arrow). A. The dilated terminal ileum (IT) with retained echogenic contents and aggregate echoes. C – cecum. B. Tightly closed ileocecal valve (arrows) imaged with a linear transducer
A 27-year-old woman with eosinophilic enteritis causing ileocecal valve stenosis (arrow). A. The dilated terminal ileum (IT) with retained echogenic contents and aggregate echoes. C – cecum. B. Tightly closed ileocecal valve (arrows) imaged with a linear transducer

Fig. 20.

Intussusception of the terminal ileum into the ileocecal valve (distance indicators)
Intussusception of the terminal ileum into the ileocecal valve (distance indicators)

Fig. 21.

A 56-year-old woman with intermittent right iliac fossa pain and loose bowel movements. A. Enlarged ileocecal valve in a parasagittal section. B. Ileocecal valve in a cross-sectional view
A 56-year-old woman with intermittent right iliac fossa pain and loose bowel movements. A. Enlarged ileocecal valve in a parasagittal section. B. Ileocecal valve in a cross-sectional view

Fig. 22.

A 59-year-old man with a major cancerous stricture of the ascending colon (not visible on sonogram). A. A closed ileocecal valve (arrow) is visible in the cecum distended by loose stool (C). B. Image of an open ileocecal valve (arrows on the lips) appeared several times with retrograde flow of contents into the terminal ileum
A 59-year-old man with a major cancerous stricture of the ascending colon (not visible on sonogram). A. A closed ileocecal valve (arrow) is visible in the cecum distended by loose stool (C). B. Image of an open ileocecal valve (arrows on the lips) appeared several times with retrograde flow of contents into the terminal ileum
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