3D/4D contrast-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS) in children – is it superior to the 2D technique?

1. Darge K, Dütting T, Zieger B, Möhring K, Rohrschneider W, Tröger J: [Diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux with echo-enhanced micturition urosonography]. Radiologe 1998; 38: 405–409. Darge K Dütting T Zieger B Möhring K Rohrschneider W Tröger J : [Diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux with echo-enhanced micturition urosonography] . Radiologe 1998 ; 38 : 405 – 409 . 10.1007/s0011700503729646348 Search in Google Scholar

2. Darge K, Ghods S, Zieger B, Rohrschneider W, Troeger J: Reduction in voiding cystourethrographies after the introduction of contrast enhanced sonographic reflux diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31: 790–795. Darge K Ghods S Zieger B Rohrschneider W Troeger J : Reduction in voiding cystourethrographies after the introduction of contrast enhanced sonographic reflux diagnosis . Pediatr Radiol 2001 ; 31 : 790 – 795 . 10.1007/s00247010055611692236 Search in Google Scholar

3. Adeb M, Darge K: Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography – a feasible modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in a developing country. Ethiop Med J 2013; 51: 153–160. Adeb M Darge K : Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography – a feasible modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in a developing country . Ethiop Med J 2013 ; 51 : 153 – 160 . Search in Google Scholar

4. Del Riego J, Duran C, Riera Soler L: Voiding urosonography with a second-generation contrast agent versus voiding cystourethrography. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26: 1913–1914. Del Riego J Duran C Riera Soler L : Voiding urosonography with a second-generation contrast agent versus voiding cystourethrography . Pediatr Nephrol 2011 ; 26 : 1913 – 1914 . 10.1007/s00467-011-1849-221739184 Search in Google Scholar

5. Kis E, Nyitrai A, Várkonyi I, Máttyus I, Cseprekál O, Reusz G et al.: Voiding urosonography with second-generation contrast agent versus voiding cystourethrography. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25: 2289–2293. Kis E Nyitrai A Várkonyi I Máttyus I Cseprekál O Reusz G : Voiding urosonography with second-generation contrast agent versus voiding cystourethrography . Pediatr Nephrol 2010 ; 25 : 2289 – 2293 . 10.1007/s00467-010-1618-720686902 Search in Google Scholar

6. Papadopoulou F, Anthopoulou A, Siomou E, Efremidis S, Tsamboulas C, Darge K: Harmonic voiding urosonography with a second-generation contrast agent for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39: 239–244. Papadopoulou F Anthopoulou A Siomou E Efremidis S Tsamboulas C Darge K : Harmonic voiding urosonography with a second-generation contrast agent for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux . Pediatr Radiol 2009 ; 39 : 239 – 244 . 10.1007/s00247-008-1080-x19096835 Search in Google Scholar

7. Darge K: Voiding urosonography with ultrasound contrast agents for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children. I. Procedure. Pediatr Radiol 2008; 38: 40–53. Darge K : Voiding urosonography with ultrasound contrast agents for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children. I. Procedure . Pediatr Radiol 2008 ; 38 : 40 – 53 . 10.1007/s00247-007-0529-7229249817618429 Search in Google Scholar

8. Woźniak MM, Pawelec A, Wieczorek AP, Zajączkowska MM, Borzęcka H, Nachulewicz P: 2D/3D/4D contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children – can it replace voiding cystourethrography? J Ultrason 2013; 13: 394–407. Woźniak MM Pawelec A Wieczorek AP Zajączkowska MM Borzęcka H Nachulewicz P : 2D/3D/4D contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children – can it replace voiding cystourethrography? J Ultrason 2013 ; 13 : 394 – 407 . 10.15557/JoU.2013.0042457966526674600 Search in Google Scholar

9. Duran C, Valera A, Alguersuari A, Ballesteros E, Riera L, Martin C et al.: Voiding urosonography: the study of the urethra is no longer a limitation of the technique. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39: 124–131. Duran C Valera A Alguersuari A Ballesteros E Riera L Martin C : Voiding urosonography: the study of the urethra is no longer a limitation of the technique . Pediatr Radiol 2009 ; 39 : 124 – 131 . 10.1007/s00247-008-1050-319002449 Search in Google Scholar

10. Otukesh H, Hoseini R, Behzadi AH, Mehran M, Tabbaroki A, Khamesan B et al.: Accuracy of cystosonography in the diagnosis of vesicourethral reflux in children. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011; 22: 488–491. Otukesh H Hoseini R Behzadi AH Mehran M Tabbaroki A Khamesan B : Accuracy of cystosonography in the diagnosis of vesicourethral reflux in children . Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011 ; 22 : 488 – 491 . Search in Google Scholar

11. Fernández-Ibieta M, Parrondo-Muiños C, Fernández-Masaguer LC, Hernández-Anselmi E, Marijuán-Sauquillo V, Ramírez-Piqueras M et al.: Voiding urosonography with second-generation contrast as a main tool for examining the upper and lower urinary tract in children. Pilot Study. Actas Urol Esp 2016; 40: 183–189. Fernández-Ibieta M Parrondo-Muiños C Fernández-Masaguer LC Hernández-Anselmi E Marijuán-Sauquillo V Ramírez-Piqueras M : Voiding urosonography with second-generation contrast as a main tool for examining the upper and lower urinary tract in children. Pilot Study . Actas Urol Esp 2016 ; 40 : 183 – 189 . 10.1016/j.acuro.2015.11.00326748842 Search in Google Scholar

12. Ključevšek D, Battelino N, Tomažič M, Kersnik Levart T: A comparison of echo-enhanced voiding urosonography with X-ray voiding cystourethrography in the first year of life. Acta Paediatr 2012; 101: e235–e239. Ključevšek D Battelino N Tomažič M Kersnik Levart T : A comparison of echo-enhanced voiding urosonography with X-ray voiding cystourethrography in the first year of life . Acta Paediatr 2012 ; 101 : e235 – e239 . 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02588.x22211993 Search in Google Scholar

13. Darge K: Voiding urosonography with US contrast agents for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children. II. Comparison with radiological examinations. Pediatr Radiol 2008; 38: 54–63, quiz 126–127. Darge K : Voiding urosonography with US contrast agents for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children. II. Comparison with radiological examinations . Pediatr Radiol 2008 ; 38 : 54 – 63 , quiz 126–127. 10.1007/s00247-007-0528-817639371 Search in Google Scholar

14. Piskunowicz M, Świętoń D, Rybczyńska D, Czarniak P, Szarmach A, Kaszubowski M et al.: Comparison of voiding cystourethrography and urosonography with second-generation contrast agents in simultaneous prospective study. J Ultrason 2016; 16: 339–347. Piskunowicz M Świętoń D Rybczyńska D Czarniak P Szarmach A Kaszubowski M : Comparison of voiding cystourethrography and urosonography with second-generation contrast agents in simultaneous prospective study . J Ultrason 2016 ; 16 : 339 – 347 . 10.15557/JoU.2016.0034526952128138405 Search in Google Scholar

15. Duran C, Beltrán VP, González A, Gómez C, Riego JD: Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography for vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis in children. Radiographics 2017; 37: 1854–1869. Duran C Beltrán VP González A Gómez C Riego JD : Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography for vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis in children . Radiographics 2017 ; 37 : 1854 – 1869 . 10.1148/rg.201717002429019761 Search in Google Scholar

16. Darge K, Papadopoulou F, Ntoulia A, Bulas DI, Coley BD, Fordham LA et al.: Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children for non-cardiac applications: a review by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) and the International Contrast Ultrasound Society (ICUS). Pediatr Radiol 2013; 43: 1063–1073. Darge K Papadopoulou F Ntoulia A Bulas DI Coley BD Fordham LA : Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children for non-cardiac applications: a review by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) and the International Contrast Ultrasound Society (ICUS) . Pediatr Radiol 2013 ; 43 : 1063 – 1073 . 10.1007/s00247-013-2746-623843130 Search in Google Scholar

17. Papadopoulou F, Ntoulia A, Siomou E, Darge K: Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography with intravesical administration of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux: prospective evaluation of contrast safety in 1,010 children. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44: 719–728. Papadopoulou F Ntoulia A Siomou E Darge K : Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography with intravesical administration of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux: prospective evaluation of contrast safety in 1,010 children . Pediatr Radiol 2014 ; 44 : 719 – 728 . 10.1007/s00247-013-2832-924442338 Search in Google Scholar

18. Sauer A, Wirth C, Platzer I, Neubauer H, Veldhoen S, Dierks A et al.: Off-label-use of sulfur-hexafluoride in voiding urosonography for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children: A survey on adverse events. World J Clin Pediatr 2017; 6: 52–59. Sauer A Wirth C Platzer I Neubauer H Veldhoen S Dierks A : Off-label-use of sulfur-hexafluoride in voiding urosonography for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children: A survey on adverse events . World J Clin Pediatr 2017 ; 6 : 52 – 59 . 10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.52529663028224096 Search in Google Scholar

19. Wozniak MM, Osemlak P, Pawelec A, Brodzisz A, Nachulewicz P, Wieczorek AP et al.: Intraoperative contrast-enhanced urosonography during endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44: 1093–1100. Wozniak MM Osemlak P Pawelec A Brodzisz A Nachulewicz P Wieczorek AP : Intraoperative contrast-enhanced urosonography during endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children . Pediatr Radiol 2014 ; 44 : 1093 – 1100 . 10.1007/s00247-014-2963-7413958324718880 Search in Google Scholar

20. Woźniak MM, Wieczorek AP, Pawelec A, Brodzisz A, Zajączkowska MM, Borzęcka H et al.: Two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional static (3D) and real-time (4D) contrast enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) versus voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children with vesicoureteral reflux. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85: 1238–1245. Woźniak MM Wieczorek AP Pawelec A Brodzisz A Zajączkowska MM Borzęcka H : Two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional static (3D) and real-time (4D) contrast enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) versus voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children with vesicoureteral reflux . Eur J Radiol 2016 ; 85 : 1238 – 1245 . 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.11.00626597418 Search in Google Scholar

21. Riccabona M, Avni FE, Blickman JG, Dacher JN, Darge K, Lobo ML et al.: Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography, Barcelona, Spain, June 2007. Pediatr Radiol 2008; 38: 138–145. Riccabona M Avni FE Blickman JG Dacher JN Darge K Lobo ML : Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography, Barcelona, Spain, June 2007 . Pediatr Radiol 2008 ; 38 : 138 – 145 . 10.1007/s00247-007-0695-718071685 Search in Google Scholar

22. Riccabona M, Vivier PH, Ntoulia A, Darge K, Avni F, Papadopoulou F et al.: ESPR uroradiology task force imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology. Part VII: Standardised terminology, impact of existing recommendations, and update on contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the paediatric urogenital tract. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44: 1478–1484. Riccabona M Vivier PH Ntoulia A Darge K Avni F Papadopoulou F : ESPR uroradiology task force imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology. Part VII: Standardised terminology, impact of existing recommendations, and update on contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the paediatric urogenital tract . Pediatr Radiol 2014 ; 44 : 1478 – 1484 . 10.1007/s00247-014-3135-525331025 Search in Google Scholar

23. Darge K, Troeger J: Vesicoureteral reflux grading in contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography. Eur J Radiol 2002; 43: 122–128. Darge K Troeger J : Vesicoureteral reflux grading in contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography . Eur J Radiol 2002 ; 43 : 122 – 128 . 10.1016/S0720-048X(02)00114-6 Search in Google Scholar

24. Tekgül S, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P, Kocvara R, Nijman JM, Radmayr C et al.: Guidelines on Paediatric Urology. European Society for Paediatric Urology, European Association of Urology 2014. Tekgül S Dogan HS Hoebeke P Kocvara R Nijman JM Radmayr C : Guidelines on Paediatric Urology . European Society for Paediatric Urology, European Association of Urology 2014 . Search in Google Scholar

25. Pichler R, Buttazzoni A, Bektic J, Schlenck B, Radmayr C, Rehder P et al.: Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux using dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in children: results of postoperative follow-up with real-time 3D sonography. Urol Int 2011; 87: 192–198. Pichler R Buttazzoni A Bektic J Schlenck B Radmayr C Rehder P : Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux using dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in children: results of postoperative follow-up with real-time 3D sonography . Urol Int 2011 ; 87 : 192 – 198 . 10.1159/00032760921865656 Search in Google Scholar