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3D/4D contrast-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS) in children – is it superior to the 2D technique?

Magdalena Maria Woźniak
Magdalena Maria Woźniak
, 
Paweł Osemlak
Paweł Osemlak
, 
Aikaterini Ntoulia
Aikaterini Ntoulia
, 
Halina Borzęcka
Halina Borzęcka
, 
Beata Bieniaś
Beata Bieniaś
, 
Agnieszka Brodzisz
Agnieszka Brodzisz
, 
Grzegorz Jędrzejewski
Grzegorz Jędrzejewski
, 
Anna Drelich-Zbroja
Anna Drelich-Zbroja
, 
Maciej Powerski
Maciej Powerski
, 
Maciej Pech
Maciej Pech
 and 
Andrzej Paweł Wieczorek
Andrzej Paweł Wieczorek
   | Aug 31, 2018
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Article Category: original-paper
Published Online: Aug 31, 2018
Page range: 120 - 125
Received: Sep 30, 2017
Accepted: Jun 29, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2018.0017
Keywords
© 2018 Magdalena Maria Woźniak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Right-sided VUR in a three-year-old female patient with recurrent urinary tract infections. A. Two-dimensional contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (2D ceVUS) in dual mode; simultaneous real-time images using both techniques, gray-scale (B-mode) on the left side and contrast-specific on the right side. Non-dilated renal pelvis and renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade II. B. Three-dimensional real-time contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (4D ceVUS) post-processed volume image. Well-demarcated contours of a non-dilated renal pelvis and moderately dilated renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade III. More detailed and three-dimensional visualization of the reflux enabled more accurate reflux grading resulting in changing the initial grade compared to 2D ceVUS
Right-sided VUR in a three-year-old female patient with recurrent urinary tract infections. A. Two-dimensional contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (2D ceVUS) in dual mode; simultaneous real-time images using both techniques, gray-scale (B-mode) on the left side and contrast-specific on the right side. Non-dilated renal pelvis and renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade II. B. Three-dimensional real-time contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (4D ceVUS) post-processed volume image. Well-demarcated contours of a non-dilated renal pelvis and moderately dilated renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade III. More detailed and three-dimensional visualization of the reflux enabled more accurate reflux grading resulting in changing the initial grade compared to 2D ceVUS

Fig. 2.

Right-sided VUR in a two-year-old male patient persisting after treatment. A. 2D ceVUS in dual mode; simultaneous real-time images using both techniques, gray-scale (B-mode) on the left side and contrast-specific on the right side. Non-dilated renal pelvis and moderately dilated renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade III. B. 4D ceVUS post-processed volume image. Well-demarcated contours of a dilated renal pelvis and renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade IV. More detailed and three-dimensional visualization of the reflux enabled more accurate reflux grading resulting in changing the initial grade compared to 2D ceVUS
Right-sided VUR in a two-year-old male patient persisting after treatment. A. 2D ceVUS in dual mode; simultaneous real-time images using both techniques, gray-scale (B-mode) on the left side and contrast-specific on the right side. Non-dilated renal pelvis and moderately dilated renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade III. B. 4D ceVUS post-processed volume image. Well-demarcated contours of a dilated renal pelvis and renal calyces (arrows) assessed as VUR grade IV. More detailed and three-dimensional visualization of the reflux enabled more accurate reflux grading resulting in changing the initial grade compared to 2D ceVUS

Number and grades of vesicoureteral refluxes detected by 2D and 3D/4D contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS)

Grades of vesicoureteral reflux Number of refluxes detected by 2D ceVUS Number of refluxes detected by 3D/4D ceVUS
0 193 193
I 1 1
II 39 29
III 38 41
IV 24 29
V 5 7
Total 300 300

Concordance between 2D ceVUS and 3D/4D ceVUS in the detection and grading of reflux. Green – refluxes diagnosed by both methods at the same grade. Yellow – refluxes graded differently by 2D ceVUS compared to 3D/4D ceVUS

  3D/4D ceVUS  
2D ceVUS Grade 0 Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
Grade 0 193 193
Grade I 1 1
Grade II 29 10 39
Grade III 31 7 38
Grade IV 22 2 24
Grade V 5 5
193 1 29 41 29 7 300
eISSN:
2451-070X
Language:
English
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Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Basic Medical Science, other
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