Comparison of fine-scale spatial genetic structure of two sympatric Rhododendron shrub species in forest habitat having different seed weights: A case study

Chung MY, Nason JD, Chung MG (2004) Spatial genetic structure in populations of the terrestrial orchid Cephalanthera longibracteata (Orchidaceae). Amer J Bot 91:52–57. Available at https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.1.5210.3732/ajb.91.1.5221653362Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cross JR (1981) The establishment of Rhododendron ponticum in the Killarney oakwoods, S.W. Ireland. J Ecol 69:807–824. Available at https://doi.org/10.2307/225963810.2307/2259638Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Delmas CEL, Lhuillier E, Pornon A, Escaravage N (2011) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae) using pyrosequencing technology. Amer J Bot 98:e120–e122. Available at https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.100053310.3732/ajb.100053321613177Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dendauw J, De Riek J, Arens P, Van Bockstaele E, Vosman B, De Loose M (2001) Development of sequenced tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers in azalea. Acta Hortic 546:193–197. Available at https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2001.546.2110.17660/ActaHortic.2001.546.21Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dering M, Chybicki IJ, Rączka G (2015) Clonality as a driver of spatial genetic structure in populations of clonal tree species. J Plant Res 128:731–745. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-015-0742-710.1007/s10265-015-0742-726153428Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Douhovnikoff V, Dodd RS (2003) Intra-clonal variation and a similarity threshold for identification of clones: Application to Salix exigua using AFLP molecular markers. Theor Appl Genet 106:1307–1315. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1200-910.1007/s00122-003-1200-912748783Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Elliott KJ, Vose JM (2012) Age and distribution of an evergreen clonal shrub in the Coweeta Basin: Rhododendron maximum L. J Torrey Bot Soc 139:149–166. Available at https://doi.org/10.3159/torrey-d-11-00076.110.3159/torrey-d-11-00076.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Epperson BK (1992) Spatial structure of genetic variation within populations of forest trees. New Forest 6:257–278. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2815-5_1410.1007/978-94-011-2815-5_14Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Escaravage N, Questiau S, Pornon A, Doche B, Taberlet P (1998) Clonal diversity in a Rhododendron ferrugineum L. (Ericaceae) population inferred from AFLP markers. Mol Ecol 7:975–982. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00415.x10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00415.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Facelli J M, Pickett STA (1991) Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Bot Rev 57:1–32. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0285876310.1007/bf02858763Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Goetsch L, Eckert AJ, Hall BD (2005) The molecular systematics of Rhododendron (Ericaceae): A phylogeny based upon RPB2 gene sequences. Syst Bot 30:616–626. Available at https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405478217010.1600/0363644054782170Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Goudet J (2001) FSTAT, A program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (Version 2.9.3) [online]. to be found at <http://www2.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/fstat.htm> [quoted, 16.2.2017]Search in Google Scholar

Hamrick JK, Nason JD (1996) Consequences of dispersal in plants. In: Rhodess Jr OE, Chesser RK, Smith MH (eds) Population dynamics in ecological space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp 203–236, ISBN 978-0226710587Search in Google Scholar

Hardy OJ, Vekemans X (2013) SPAGeDi 1.4: a program for spatial pattern analysis of genetic diversity–User’s manual [online]. to be found at <http://ebe.ulb.ac.be/ebe/SPAGeDi_files/Manual_SPAGeDi%20_1-4.pdf> [quated: 23.2.2017]Search in Google Scholar

Hardy OJ, Vekemans X (2002) SPAGeDi: A versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Mol Ecol Notes 2:618–620. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00305.x10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00305.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Heywood JS (1991) Spatial analysis of genetic variation in plant populations. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 22:335–355. Available at https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.00200310.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.002003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hirao AS, Kameyama Y, Ohara M, Isagi Y, Kudo G (2006) Seasonal changes in pollinator activities influence pollen dispersal and seed production of the alpine shrub Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae). Mol Ecol 15:1165–1173. Available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02853.x10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02853.x16599975Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

James EA, McDougall KL (2014) Spatial genetic structure reflects extensive clonality, low genotypic diversity and habitat fragmentation in Grevillea renwickiana (Proteaceae), a rare, sterile shrub from south-eastern Australia. Ann Bot 114:413–423. Available at https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu04910.1093/aob/mcu049411138124737718Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kalinowski ST, Taper ML, Marshall TC (2007) Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Mol Ecol 16:1099–1106. Available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03089.x10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03089.x17305863Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kameyama Y, Isagi Y, Nakagoshi N (2002) Relatedness structure in Rhododendron metternichii var. hondoense revealed by microsatellite analysis. Mol Ecol 11:519–527. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01447.x10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01447.x11918786Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kameyama Y, Nakagoshi N, Nehira K (1999) Safe site for seedlings of Rhododendron metternichii var. hondoense. Plant Spec Biol 14:237–242. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.1999.00023.x10.1046/j.1442-1984.1999.00023.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kudo G (1993) Relationship between flowering time and fruit set of the entomophilous alpine shrub, Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae), inhabiting snow patches. Amer J Bot 80:1300–1304. Available at https://doi.org/10.2307/244571410.2307/2445714Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Loiselle BA, Sork VL, Nason J, Graham C (1995) Spatial genetic structure of a tropical understory shrub, Psychotria officinalis (Rubiaceae). Amer J Bot 82:1420–1425. Available at https://doi.org/10.2307/244586910.2307/2445869Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lusk CH (1995) Seed size, establishment sites and species coexistence in a Chilean rain forest. J Veg Sci 6:249–256. Available at https://doi.org/10.2307/323622010.2307/3236220Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Meirmans PG, van Tienderen PH (2004) GENOTYPE and GENODIVE: Two programs for the analysis of genetic diversity of asexual organisms. Mol Ecol Notes 4:792–794. Available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00770.x10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00770.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mejías JA, Arroyo J, Ojeda F (2002) Reproductive ecology of Rhododendron ponticum (Ericaceae) in relict Mediterranean populations. Bot J Lin Soc 140:297–311. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00103.x10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00103.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Morimoto J, Shibata S, Hasegawa S (2003) Habitat requirement of Rhododendron reticulatum and R. macrosepalum in germination and seedling stages–Field experiment for restoration of native Rhododendron by seedling. J Jpn Soc Reveg Tech 29:135–140 (In Japanese with English Summary). Available at https://doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.29.13510.7211/jjsrt.29.135Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Naito K, Isagi Y, Nakagoshi N (1998) Isolation and characterization of microsatellites of Rhododendron metternichii Sieb. et Zucc. var. hondoense Nakai. Mol Ecol 7:927–928Search in Google Scholar

Naito K, lsagi Y, Kameyama Y, Nakagoshi N (1999) Population structures in Rhododendron mefternichii var. hondoense assessed with microsatellites and their implication for conservation. J Plant Res 112:405–412. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/pl0001389510.1007/pl00013895Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nakayama C, Aizawa M, Ohkubo T (2014) Leafing and flowering phenology of six shrubby Ericaceous species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in Utsunomiya University Forest in Funyu. Bull Utsunomiya Univ For 50:73–77 (In Japanese)Search in Google Scholar

Nakayama C, Aizawa M, Ohkubo T (2016) Seed production of two Rhododendron (Ericaceae) species in Utsunomiya University Forest at Funyu. Bull Utsunomiya Univ For 52:41–43 (In Japanese)Search in Google Scholar

Ng SC, Corlett RT (2000) Comparative reproductive biology of the six species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Hong Kong, South China. Can J Bot 78:221–229. Available at https://doi.org/10.1139/b99-18110.1139/b99-181Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ono A, Dohzono I, Sugawara T (2008) Bumblebee pollination and reproductive biology of Rhododendron semibarbatum (Ericaceae). J Plant Res 121:319–327. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-008-0155-y10.1007/s10265-008-0155-y18392555Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schnittler M, Eusemann P (2010) Consequences of genotyping errors for estimation of clonality: A case study on Populus euphratica Oliv. (Salicaceae). Evol Ecol 24:1417–1432. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-010-9389-y10.1007/s10682-010-9389-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schupp EW (1995) Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. Amer J Bot 82:399–409. Available at https://doi.org/10.2307/244558610.2307/2445586Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Suvanto LI, Latva-Karjanmaa TB (2005) Clone identification and clonal structure of the European aspen (Populus tremula). Mol Ecol14:2851–2860. Available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02634.x10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02634.x16029483Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Suzuki H, Katsumi N, Kobayashi T, Hasegawa S, Arai M (2000) Environmental factor analysis on the growth of planted tree and the establishment of natural seedling in three species of wild Rhododendron. J Jpn Soc Revege Tech 25:421–426 (In Japanese with English Summary). Available at https://doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.25.42110.7211/jjsrt.25.421Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tan XX, Li Y, Ge XJ (2009) Development and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellites for Rhododendron simsii Planch (Ericaceae). Conserv Genet 10:1553–1555. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9791-y10.1007/s10592-008-9791-ySearch in Google Scholar

Tanaka H, Kominami Y (2002) Seed dispersal. In: Nakashizuka T, Matsumoto Y (eds). Diversity and interaction in a temperate forest community; Ecological Studies 158. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, pp 109–125, ISBN 978-4-431-67879-3. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67879-3_1010.1007/978-4-431-67879-3_10Search in Google Scholar

Torres E, Iriondo JM, Escudero A, Pérez C (2003) Analysis of within-population spatial genetic structure in Antirrhinum microphyllum (Scrophulariaceae). Amer J Bot 90:1688–1695. Available at https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.12.168810.3732/ajb.90.12.168821653345Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Usui H (1966) Pflanzensoziologischen Untersuchung der Forestgesellshaften. I. Kartographie vom Untersuchungsforstbezirk der Universität Utsunomiya auf pflanzensoziologischer Hinsicht und Forestwissenschaftliche Bedeutung. Bull Utsunomiya Univ For 4:25–58 (In Japanese with German Summary).Search in Google Scholar

Vekemans X, Hardy OJ (2004) New insights from fine-scale spatial structure analysis in plant populations. Mol Ecol 13:921–935. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2004.02076.x10.1046/j.1365-294X.2004.02076.x15012766Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wang Y, Wang J, Lai L, Jiang L, Zhuang P, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Baskin JM, Baskin CC (2014) Geographic variation in seed traits within and among forty-two species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) on the Tibetan plateau: Relationships with altitude, habitat, plant height, and phylogeny. Ecol Evol 4:1913–1923. Available at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.106710.1002/ece3.1067406348424963385Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wright S (1943) Isolation by distance. Genetics 28:114–138.10.1093/genetics/28.2.114120919617247074Search in Google Scholar