The Road Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Evaluation and Maintenance: A Case Study of Yemen

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Asphalt concrete pavement distress types and M-and-R alternatives

M-and-R Method	Do Nothing	Crack Seal	Partial Depth Patch	Full Depth Patch	Skin Patch	Pothole Filling	Apply Heat & Roll Sand	Apply Surface Seal Emulsion	Apply Rejuvenation	Apply Aggregate Seal Coat	Notes
Distress Type
1 Alligator Cracking			M, H	M, H				L	L
2 Bleeding	L						L, M, H
3 Block Cracking	L	L, M, H							L	L, M
4 Bumps & Sags	L		M, H	M, H	M, H
5 Corrugation	L		M, H	M, H
6 Depression	L		M, H	M, H	M, H
7 Edge Cracking	L	L, M	M, H	M, H							If predominant, apply shoulder seal, e.g., aggregate seal coat
8 Joint Reflective Cracking	L	L, M, H	H
9 Lane/Shoulder Drop Off	L										If predominant, level off shoulder and apply aggregate seal coat
10 Longitudinal Transverse Cracking	L	L, M, H	H					L	L	L, M
11 Patching & Utility Cut	L	M	H*	H*							*Replace patch
12 Polished Aggregate	A									A
13 Potholes			L	L, M, H		L, M, H
14 Railroad Crossing	L			L, M, H
15 Rutting	L		L, M, H	M, H	L, M, H
16 Shoving	L		M, H
17 Slippage Cracking	L	L	M, H
18 Swell	L			M, H
19 Weathering & Raveling	L		H					L, M	L	M, H

PCI rating

PCI	Rating
85–100	Excellent
70–85	Very good
55–70	Good
40–55	Fair
25–40	Poor
10–25	Very poor
00–10	Failed

Structural composition of Al-Fiush Road pavement

No.	Layer	Thickness, cm (in)	CBR
1	Subgrade		10
2	Sub-base	30 (11.8)	20
3	Base	20 (7.9)	50
4	Surface	7 (2.75)
Total thickness		57(22.45)

Traffic in passenger car equivalent units (PCUs) on sections of Al-Fiush Road

No.	Vehicle type	PCU	Southbound		Northbound
			Vehicles	PCU	Vehicles	PCU
1	Passenger car	1	4,684	4,684	3,782	3,782
2	Two-axle trucks	2	2,679	5,358	3,436	6,872
3	Trucks with ≥3 axles	2	1,135	2,270	1,486	2,972
Total PCU				12,312		13,626

PCI of additional samples for sections of Al-Fiush Road

Sample No.	PCI	Sample No.	PCI	Sample No.	PCI
1	27	105	81	217	26
17	82	128	81	220	51
30	46	158	32	230	60
84	73	173	87	237	67
87	88	199	17	Average PCI	59.5

Pavement design index

Traffic category	Pavement design index for road or street classification
	A	B	C	D	E	F
I	2	2	2	1	1	1
II	3	2	2	2	2	1
III	4	4	4	3	3	2
IV	5	5	5	4	4	3
IVA	6	6	6	5	5	4

PCI values of Al-Fiush Road sections

No.	Sample No.	Sample unit area, m2 (ft2)	PCI	Rating
1	2	213.5 (2,300)	80	Very good
2	25	213.5 (2,300)	100	Excellent
3	48	213.5 (2,300)	91	Excellent
4	71	213.5 (2,300)	78	Very good
5	94	213.5 (2,300)	90	Excellent
6	117	213.5 (2,300)	88	Excellent
7	140	213.5 (2,300)	73	Very good
8	163	213.5 (2,300)	81	Very good
9	186	213.5 (2,300)	78	Very good
10	209	213.5 (2,300)	70	Very good
11	232	213.5 (2,300)	65	Good
12	255	213.5 (2,300)	62	Good
13	278	213.5 (2,300)	67	Good
14	301	213.5 (2,300)	92	Excellent
15	324	213.5 (2,300)	90	Excellent
Average PCI of sections			80.3	Very good

Road classification based on DHV

Effective DHV (equivalent passenger cars per hour)
Class	Road	Street
A	≥900	≥1,200
B	720–899	1,000–1,199
C	450–719	750–999
D	150–449	250–749
E	10–149	25–249
F	<10	<25