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Short-term changes in phytoplankton assemblages and their potential for heavy metal bioaccumulation – a laboratory study

Abd-Ellatif M. Hussian

Abd-Ellatif M. Hussian

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF)Cairo, Egypt
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Hussian, Abd-Ellatif M.
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Ahmed M. Abd El-Monem

Ahmed M. Abd El-Monem

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF)Cairo, Egypt
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Abd El-Monem, Ahmed M.
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Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Krzebietke

Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Krzebietke

Department of Hydrobiology, Inland Fisheries InstituteOlsztyn, Poland
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Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, Agnieszka
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Naser S. Flefil

Naser S. Flefil

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF)Cairo, Egypt
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Flefil, Naser S.
  
Sep 21, 2018
Short-term changes in phytoplankton assemblages and their potential for heavy metal bioaccumulation – a laboratory study's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Sep 21, 2018
Page range: 260 - 274
Received: Nov 24, 2017
Accepted: Jan 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0025
Keywords
© 2018 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Water sampling sites: 1 – El-Boom station, 2 – New Bahr El-Baqar drain in Lake Manzala in Egypt
Water sampling sites: 1 – El-Boom station, 2 – New Bahr El-Baqar drain in Lake Manzala in Egypt

Figure 2

Chlorophyll content (mean ± SE, min.−max) in basin I (El-Boom station) and basin II (New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the experimental period
Chlorophyll content (mean ± SE, min.−max) in basin I (El-Boom station) and basin II (New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the experimental period

Figure 3

Phytoplankton abundance in basin I (El-Boom station) and basin II (New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the experimental period; dotted lines indicate the abundance output levels of the experiment in each basin
Phytoplankton abundance in basin I (El-Boom station) and basin II (New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the experimental period; dotted lines indicate the abundance output levels of the experiment in each basin

Figure 4

Phytoplankton structure in basin I – El-Boom station (A) and basin II – New Bahr El-Baqar drain (B) during the experimental period
Phytoplankton structure in basin I – El-Boom station (A) and basin II – New Bahr El-Baqar drain (B) during the experimental period

Figure 5

Cluster analysis based on similarity of phytoplankton taxonomic structure in basin I (A – water from El-Boom station) and basin II (B – water from New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the 15-day experimental period; 1-15 consecutive days of the experiment
Cluster analysis based on similarity of phytoplankton taxonomic structure in basin I (A – water from El-Boom station) and basin II (B – water from New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the 15-day experimental period; 1-15 consecutive days of the experiment

Figure 6

Uptake of heavy metals: lead (a), iron (b) and zinc (c) by phytoplankton in basins I and II during the experimental period
Uptake of heavy metals: lead (a), iron (b) and zinc (c) by phytoplankton in basins I and II during the experimental period

Figure 7

Uptake factor (%) used to assess the rate of heavy metal bioaccumulation by phytoplankton in basin I (A) and basin II (B)
Uptake factor (%) used to assess the rate of heavy metal bioaccumulation by phytoplankton in basin I (A) and basin II (B)

Figure 8

PCA-based relationships between phytoplankton and heavy metal bioaccumulation (A) and ordination of samples (B) during the 15-day experiment in basin I (BI) and basin II (BII)
PCA-based relationships between phytoplankton and heavy metal bioaccumulation (A) and ordination of samples (B) during the 15-day experiment in basin I (BI) and basin II (BII)

Figure 9

CCA joint plot of relationships between dominant phytoplankton species and classes and iron, zinc and lead bioaccumulation capacity on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day of the experiment in basin I (BI) and basin II (BII) based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Kirch – Kirchneriella obesa, Nephr – Nephrocytium limneticum, Actin – Actinoptychus octonarius, Aulac – Aulacoseira granulata, Pantoc – Pantocsekiella ocellata, Chrooc – Chroococcus minor, Micr – Microcystis aeruginosa, CHL – Chlorophyceae, BAC – Bacillariophyceae, CYA – Cyanophyceae
CCA joint plot of relationships between dominant phytoplankton species and classes and iron, zinc and lead bioaccumulation capacity on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day of the experiment in basin I (BI) and basin II (BII) based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Kirch – Kirchneriella obesa, Nephr – Nephrocytium limneticum, Actin – Actinoptychus octonarius, Aulac – Aulacoseira granulata, Pantoc – Pantocsekiella ocellata, Chrooc – Chroococcus minor, Micr – Microcystis aeruginosa, CHL – Chlorophyceae, BAC – Bacillariophyceae, CYA – Cyanophyceae

Physicochemical parameters of waters at two sampling sites in Lake Manzala in spring 2017

Parameters Units Sampling sites
El-Boom New Bahr El-Baqar Drain
Temperature °C 26.4 26.2
Secchi disk depth m 0.3 0.2
Total solids g l−1 3.71 3.03
Total dissolved solids 3.46 2.65
Total suspended solids 0.25 0.39
Electrical conductivity mS cm−1 5.41 4.12
pH 7.98 7.78
Dissolved oxygen mg l−1 14.2 1.2
Biological oxygen demand 31.5 47.5
Chemical oxygen demand 2.8 8.8
Nitrites μg l−1 21.12 68.57
Nitrates 15.17 110.1
Ammonium 325.37 9862.26
Orthophosphates 324.53 445.08
Total phosphorus 331.94 480.38
Silicon dioxide mg l−1 10.98 10.67
Salinity PSU 2.66 2.12
TSI (Trophic State Index)

TSI calculations according to Carlson, Simpson (1996)

 82.7 (hypertrophy) 86.7 (hypertrophy)

List of phytoplankton species investigated both in basin I (El-Boom) and basin II (New Bahr El-Baqar drain) during the experimental period (dominant species are in bold)

No. Species El-Boom New Bahr El-Baqar drain
CHLOROPHYCEAE
1 Acutodesmus acuminatus (Lagerheim) P.M. Tsarenko + +
2 Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs + +
3 Ankistrodesmus fractus (West & G.S.West) Collins + +
4 Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck + +
5 Coelastrum microporum Nägeli + +
6 Crucigenia tetrapedia (Kirchner) Kuntze + +
7 Desmodesmus bicaudatus (Dedusenko) P.M. Tsarenko – +
8 Desmodesmus maximus (West & G.S.West) Hegewald – +
9 Elakatothrix gelatinosa Wille + +
10 Franceia ovalis (Francé) Lemmermann + +
11 Fusola viridis J.W. Snow + +
12 Golenkinia radiata Chodat + –
13 Kirchneriella aperta Teiling + +
14 Kirchneriella major C. Bernard + +
15 Kirchneriella obesa (West) West & G.S. West + +
16 Monoraphidium convolutum (Corda) Komárková-Legnerová + +
17 Nephrocytium limneticum (G.M. Smith) G.M. Smith + +
18 Oedogonium americanum Transeau + +
19 Oocystis pyriformis Prescott + +
20 Pseudopediastrum boryanum var. longicorne (Reinsch) Tsarenko – +
21 Pseudokirchneriella elongata (G.M.Smith) F.Hindák – +
22 Quadrigula chodatii (Tanner-Füllemann) G.M. Smith – +
23 Scenedesmus armatus (Chodat) Chodat + –
24 Scenedesmus bijugus (Turpin) Lagerheim – +
25 Scenedesmus obtusus Meyen + +
26 Schroederia jadayi G.M. Smith + –
27 Selenastrum bibraianum Reinsch + +
28 Tetradesmus dimorphus (Turpin) M.J. Wynne + +
29 Tetraëdron minimum (A. Braun) Hansgirg + +
30 Tetraëdron trigonum (Nägeli) Hansgirg + +
31 Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butcher + +
BACILLARIOPHYCEAE
1 Actinoptychus octonarius (Ehrenberg) Kützing + +
2 Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen + +
3 Biddulphia biddulphiana (J.E. Smith) Boyer + +
4 Ceratoneis closterium Ehrenberg + +
5 Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow – +
6 Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer + +
7 Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing + +
8 Cymbella tumida (Brébisson) van Heurck + –
9 Entomoneis alata (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg + +
10 Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kützing) J.B. Petersen + +
11 Lyrella lyra (Ehrenberg) Karajeva + +
12 Nitzschia acicularis (Kützing) W. Smith + +
13 Nitzschia frustulum var. perpusillum (Rabenhorst) van Heurck – +
14 Nitzschia linearis W. Smith + +
15 Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith + +
16 Pantocsekiella ocellata (Pantocsek) K.T. Kiss & E.Ács + +
17 Pinnularia major (Kützing) Rabenhorst – +
18 Pleurosigma elongatum W. Smith + –
19 Triceratium favus Ehrenberg + –
20 Triceratium grande var. septangulata (Kitton) Schmidt + –
21 Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère + +
CYANOPHYCEAE
1 Anabaena wisconsinensis Prescott + +
2 Anabaenopsis circularis (G.S. West) Woloszynska & V. Miller + +
3 Aphanocapsa grevillei (Berkeley) Rabenhorst + +
4 Chroococcus minor (Kützing) Nägeli + +
5 Chroococcus minutus (Kützing) Nägeli + +
6 Chroococcus pallidus Nägeli + +
7 Dactylococcopsis raphidioides Hansgirg + +
8 Glaucospira laxissima (G.S. West) Simic, Komárek & Dordevic + –
9 Gloeobacter violaceus Rippka, J.B. Waterbury & Cohen-Bazire + +
10 Gloeocapsa punctata Nägeli + +
11 Gomphosphaeria aponina Kützing + +
12 Leptolyngbya tenuis (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek + +
13 Merismopedia tenuissima Lemmermann + +
14 Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing + +
15 Oscillatoria tenuis C. Agardh ex Gomont + +
16 Phormidium inundatum Kützing ex Gomont + +
17 Rhabdoderma lineare Schmidle & Lauterborn + +
EUGLENOPHYCEAE
1 Euglena minuta Prescott + +
2 Lepocinclis buetschlii Lemmermann + –
3 Lepocinclis ovum (Ehrenberg) Lemmermann + +
4 Phacus longicauda (Ehrenberg) Dujardin + –
5 Trachelomonas armata (Ehrenberg) F. Stein + +
6 Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) F. Stein + +
7 Trachelomonas cylindracea (Playfair) T.G. Popova + –
CONJUGATOPHYCEAE
1 Euastrum binale var. gutwinskii (Schmidle) Homfeld + –
2 Cosmarium laeve Rabenhorst – +
DINOPHYCEAE
1 Prorocentrum tsawwassenense Hoppenrath & B.S. Leander + +

General features of phytoplankton (total abundance and abundance of dominant groups, No_× 104 cell l−1) in both experimental basins

Abundance Basin I
Total Cyanophyceae Chlorophyceae Baccillariophyceae
Minimum 190 90 35 40
Maximum 780 345 270 205
Median 525 250 175 90
Mean 507.3 242.3 163.7 94.3
Standard deviation 157.1 69.0 75.3 47.8
Coefficient of variation (%) 31 28 46 51
Abundance Basin II
Total Cyanophyceae Chlorophyceae Baccillariophyceae
Minimum 215 75 35 25
Maximum 705 380 165 260
Median 325 145 70 105
Mean 361.3 181.3 71.3 105.0
Standard deviation 132.1 91.2 30.3 64.3
Coefficient of variation (%) 37 50 43 61
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