Some morphometric features of congeneric pipefish species (Syngnathus abaster Risso 1826, Syngnathus acus Linnaeus, 1758) distributed in Lake Bafa (Turkey)

Figure 1

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Figure 3

Selected studies and their results on the two species from Turkey and other parts of the world

Species	Locality	N	Range		a	b	r	Reference
			TL (cm)	W (g)
			S. abaster	Strymon estuary					12	7.8–13.2		0.0003	3.156	0.962	Koutrakis & Tsikliras 2003
S. acus	Porto-Lagos lagoon	5	8.3–12.4		0.0001	3.729	0.958
S. abaster	Spain	1260	1.3–10.9		0.00068	2.922	0.970	Verdiell-Cubedo et al. 2006
S. abaster	Iberian Peninsula	64	3.9–12.1	0–0.7	0.0004	3.1201	0.926	Morey et al. 2003
S. acus	Moray firth	4			0.00006	3.527		Coull et al. 1989
S. acus	Spain	225	11–29.3		0.00072	2.8831	0.958	Valle et al. 2003
S. acus	İzmir Bay	570	3.3–25.6	0.01–12.29	0.0001	3.43	0.91	Gurkan & Taşkavak 2007
S. acus	İzmir Bay	310			0.0001	3.43	0.89	Gurkan 2004
S. acus	İzmir Bay	202	6.1–20.7	0.07–4.49	0.0001	3.63	0.97	Özaydin & Taşkavak 2006
S. abaster	Arade estuary, southern Portugal	57	2.9–10.5		0.00015	3,53	0.963	Veiga et al. 2009
S. acus	Arade estuary, southern Portugal	66	7.1–34.6		0.00020	3.33	0.989
S. abaster	Candarli Bay (north Aegean Sea)	9	2.78–10.60	0.08–0.78	0.0015	2.859	0.739	Gurkan et al. 2010
S. acus	Candarli Bay (north Aegean Sea)	77	5.40–21.20	0.06–4.98	0.0003	3.256	0.912
S. abaster	Erdek Bay (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)	298	4.5–15.1		0.0002	3.181	0.901	Keskin & Gaygusuz 2010
S. acus	Erdek Bay (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)	15	10.3–37.8		0.0004	3.069	0.964
S. abaster	River Strymon (Northern Greece)Estuary	137	3.6–13.5		0.0002	3.42	0.982	Petriki et al. 2011
S. abaster	Eastern Ionian Sea	419	2.2–22.1		0.00031	3.22	0.95	Liousia et al. 2012
S. acus	Eastern Ionian Sea	390	2.6–24.8		0.00032	3.30	0.97
S. abaster	Gökçeada Island	10	11.3–17	0.49–1.72	0.000	3.359	0.907	Altın et al. 2015
S. acus	Gökçeada Island	12	11.4–25.5	0.04–6.75	0.000	3.592	0.956
S. acus	Western Black Sea	280	15.6–39.2		0.0001	3.415	0.898	Yildiz et al. 2015
S. acus	South Africa	133	4.6–21.6		0.00038	3.074	0.961	Harrison 2001
S. acus	Croatia	22	7.6–13.9		0.0004	3.122	0.958	Dulčić & Glamuzina 2006
S. abaster	Kremenchug Reservoir,	60	0.69–1.32	0.18–1.20	0.0004	3.131	0.865	Khrystenko et al. 2015
S. abaster		60	0.69–1.31	0.15–1.53	0.0003	3.241	0.778
S. abaster	Dneprodzerzhinsk Reservoir	60	0.86–1.41	0.23–1.41	0.0003	3.167	0.919
S. acus	Turkey	17	21.3–28.4	4.51–11.92	0.0003	3.115	0.926	Bok et al. 2011
S. acus	Black Sea	4	25.7–33.9	2.19–13.97				Kasapoğlu & Düzgüneş 2014
S. abaster	Tunisian waters	104	7–19.8	0.19–3.32	3.4 × 10–6	2.62	0.85	Ben Amor et al. 2011
S. acus	Tunisian waters	267	7.1–20.7	0.13–3.83	3.07 × 10–6	2.64	0.86
S. abaster	Iberian coast	579	3.7–11	0.02–1.0	0.00025	3.36	0.956	Vieria et al. 2014
S. acus	Iberian coast	529	3.6–41.4	0.02–54.57	0.00020	3.34	0.980

Morphometric features of sexes, Syngnathus abaster (N – sample size; M – mean; SD – standard deviation)

Morphometric features	Males			Females			p
	N	Range	M ± SD (mm)	N	Range	M ± SD (mm)
	Total Length	25	74–117	93.94 ± 14.79	44	72–130		97.58 ± 18.45	p > 0.05
Head Length	25	8.76–15.08	11.38 ± 1.80	40	11.95–6.73	11.94 ± 2.87	p > 0.05
Head Depth	25	2.35–4.24	3.08 ± 0.55	40	2.11–5.38	3.28 ± 0.900	p > 0.05
Body Depth	24	1.26–4.62	2.74 ± 0.99	40	1.33–6.64	3.41 ± 1.75	p > 0.05
Body Width	24	1.56–4.47	2.67 ± 0.59	40	1.88–3.86	2.88 ± 0.56	p < 0.05
Mouth Width	25	0.90–1.66	1.30 ± 0.25	40	0.63–2.52	1.45 ± 0.54	p > 0.05
Mouth Height	23	1.35–2.74	1.87 ± 0.36	40	1.12–3.24	1.90 ± 0.65	p > 0.05

Morphometric features of S_ abaster and S_ acus occurring in Lake Bafa (M – mean; SD – standard deviation)

Morphometric features	Syngnathus abaster		Syngnathus acus
	Range (mm)	M±SD	Range (mm)	M±SD	p
	Total Length	55–130	86.7 ± 7.80	54–125	92.7 ± 18.09	p > 0.05
Head Length	6.4–16.3	10.19 ± 3.30	6.5–13.5	2.76 ± 2.25	p > 0.05
Head Depth	1.4–5.4	2.70 ± 10.09	1.2–4.5	2.44 ± 14.60	p > 0.05
Body Depth	1.0–6.6	2.48 ±1.31	0.7–5.1	2.04 ± 10.78	p < 0.05
Body Width	1.6–4.5	2.86 ± 11.58	1.1–5.1	2.73 ± 12.51	p > 0.05
Mouth Width	0.43–2.5	1.12± 18.28	0.3–2.4	0.94 ± 0.36	p < 0.05
Mouth Height	1.1–2.6	2.20 ± 2.36	0.8–3.3	1.42 ± 21.9	p < 0.05

Length-length relationship values for specimens of S_ abaster and S_ acus (CI – Confidence Intervals; F – observed)

	Variables	R2	Formulas	CI (95%)	F	p
Syngnathus acus	Ln TL/HL	0.500	Y = –4.535 + 2.790x	–6.328; –2.741	38.015	p < 0.05
	Ln TL/BD	0.568	Y = 1.706 + 0.236x	1.228; 2.184	52.179	p < 0.05
	Ln TL/BW	0.55	Y = 1.499 + 0.221x	1.052; –1.945	46.140	p < 0.05
	Ln TL/HD	0.597	Y = –2.529 + 1.510x	–3.327; 1.103	56.275	p < 0.05
	Ln HL/MW	0.169	Y = 0.132 + 0.47x	0.36; –0.228	7.721	p < 0.05
	Ln HL/MH	0.522	Y = –0.37 + 0.41x	0.188; 0.354	43.509	p < 0.05
Syngnathus abaster	Ln TL/HL	0.778	Y = –1.109 + 0.189x	0.901; 1.289	131.028	p < 0.05
	Ln TL/BD	0.809	Y = –4.210 + 0.376x	1.970; 2.743	152.915	p < 0.05
	Ln TL/BW	0.367	Y = –1.040 + 0.325x	–1.698; –0.382	20.888	p < 0.05
	Ln TL/HD	0.745	Y = –1.718 + 0.215x	–2.155; 0.897	105.071	p < 0.05
	Ln HL/MW	0.642	Y = 0.986 + 0.564x	0.961; 0.422	64.571	p < 0.05
	Ln HL/MH	0.219	Y = 1.006 + 0.020x	0.965; 1.046	10.095	p < 0.05

Morphometric features of sexes, Syngnathus acus (N – sample size; M – mean; SD – standard deviation)

Morphometric features	Males			Females			p
	N	Range	M ± SD (mm)	N	Range	M ± SD (mm)
	Total Length	31	82–117	98.16 ± 12.32	76	73–125		99.35 ± 14.87	p > 0.05
Head Length	31	9.88–13.91	11.88 ± 1.53	52	7.05–15.33	11.97 ± 2.43	p > 0.05
Head Depth	31	2.56–3.83	3.16 ± 0.43	52	2.25–4.50	3.24 ± 0.64	p > 0.05
Body Depth	31	1.27–4.10	2.77 ± 0.87	52	1.510–5.06	2.98 ± 1.11	p > 0.05
Body Width	31	1.58–3.58	2.71 ± 0.59	52	2.16–4.51	3.30 ± 0.76	p < 0.05
Mouth Width	31	0.72–2.36	1.28 ± 0.45	52	0.85–1.97	1.39 ± 0.34	p > 0.05
Mouth Height	31	1.19–2.32	1.68 ± 0.34	52	1.27–3.34	2.01 ± 0.53	p > 0.05