<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">There are many theories that attempt to explain the mechanisms of the effects of inhalation anesthetics - from simpler, pursuing individual effects of anesthetics on the level of the ion channels, to more complex that are looking for uniform global changes in brain activity common to several agents. However, we still don’t have satisfactory and adequate conclusions.We examined a sample of 39 patients undergoing thoracic surgery at the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery under general anesthesia (GA) and we registered their electroencephalographic (EEG) signals before and during operation. After induction of GA by intravenous (i.v.), we used inhalation anesthetics to maintain GA. We used sevoflurane (SEV) in 20 patients and desflurane (DES) in 19 patients. Then we obtained the EEG data and processed them through mathematical and statistical analysis, to discover any changes of electrical activity in the brain during thoracic surgery under GA.The era of digital recording EEG and present possibilities of modern computer techniques allow quantitative analysis of obtained data. We performed the analysis with the software LORETA (low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography). It is a relatively new research method, which in a similar way as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displays even deeper brain electrical activity, which is hiddeen for a classical EEG approach.We described the general changes in brain electrical activity of the deeper cortical structures within the traditional frequency bands (d, q, a, b and g) during GA at 5 mm spatial resolution. We have shown that the source of the well-known cortical EEG changes after the effect of used inhalation anesthetics is caused by changes situated in the deeper brain structures, particularly the limbic system. Significant changes occurred in the cingulate gyrus for most of an EEG frequency ranges. When comparing the data of patients anesthetised with SEV and DES we found similar changes within the d and q rhythms and then the global changes of EEG activity followed during GA.</abstract>

There are many theories that attempt to explain the mechanisms of the effects of inhalation anesthetics - from simpler, pursuing individual effects of anesthetics on the level of the ion channels, to more complex that are looking for uniform global changes in brain activity common to several agents. However, we still don’t have satisfactory and adequate conclusions.We examined a sample of 39 patients undergoing thoracic surgery at the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery under general anesthesia (GA) and we registered their electroencephalographic (EEG) signals before and during operation. After induction of GA by intravenous (i.v.), we used inhalation anesthetics to maintain GA. We used sevoflurane (SEV) in 20 patients and desflurane (DES) in 19 patients. Then we obtained the EEG data and processed them through mathematical and statistical analysis, to discover any changes of electrical activity in the brain during thoracic surgery under GA.The era of digital recording EEG and present possibilities of modern computer techniques allow quantitative analysis of obtained data. We performed the analysis with the software LORETA (low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography). It is a relatively new research method, which in a similar way as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displays even deeper brain electrical activity, which is hiddeen for a classical EEG approach.We described the general changes in brain electrical activity of the deeper cortical structures within the traditional frequency bands (d, q, a, b and g) during GA at 5 mm spatial resolution. We have shown that the source of the well-known cortical EEG changes after the effect of used inhalation anesthetics is caused by changes situated in the deeper brain structures, particularly the limbic system. Significant changes occurred in the cingulate gyrus for most of an EEG frequency ranges. When comparing the data of patients anesthetised with SEV and DES we found similar changes within the d and q rhythms and then the global changes of EEG activity followed during GA.

Electrical Changes in Deeper Cortical Structures During Balanced General Anesthesia with the Aim on Inhalation Anesthetics Effects

Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Slovakia

Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Slovakia

Clinic of Gastroenterological Internal Medicine, Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Slovakia

Acta Medica Martiniana

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

There are many theories that attempt to explain the mechanisms of the effects of inhalation anesthetics - from simpler, pursuing individual effects of...

Electrical Changes in Deeper Cortical Structures During Balanced General Anesthesia with the Aim on Inhalation Anesthetics Effects

Published Online: Jan 22, 2016

Page range: 21 - 29

Received: Jul 10, 2015

Accepted: Dec 05, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/acm-2015-0014

Keywords
general anesthesia, EEG, inhalation anesthetics, LORETA, deeper cortical structures

© 2015 M Fischer et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Electrical Changes in Deeper Cortical Structures During Balanced General Anesthesia with the Aim on Inhalation Anesthetics Effects

Published Online: Jan 22, 2016

Page range: 21 - 29

Received: Jul 10, 2015

Accepted: Dec 05, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/acm-2015-0014

Keywordsgeneral anesthesia, EEG, inhalation anesthetics, LORETA, deeper cortical structures

© 2015 M Fischer et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
general anesthesia, EEG, inhalation anesthetics, LORETA, deeper cortical structures