<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec><h3>Background</h3><p>The composition and activities of essential oil of common sage from Saudi Arabia have not yet been reported.</p></sec><sec><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To analyze the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage <italic>Salvia officinalis</italic> L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>Essential oil was extracted from the leaves of <italic>S. officinalis</italic> by hydrodistillation, and its composition was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Phenolics and flavonoids were determined using gallic acid and quercetin standards. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined by disk diffusion and microdilution.</p></sec><sec><h3>Results</h3><p>The yield of essential oil was 3.24 ± 0.55% (w/dry weight). Major compounds identified were camphor (20.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.0%), α-thujone (14.9%), viridiflorol (9.9%), carvone (6.2%), and β-thujone (5.7%). Phenolic content was 134.3 ± 17.61 μg/mL and flavonoid content was 119.5 ± 18.75 μg/mL. Antioxidant IC<sub>50</sub> was 970 ± 5.5 μg/mL. The highest gram-positive antibacterial activity was for <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> and the highest gram-negative activity was for <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 62.2 ± 3.9 to 1398.1 ± 50.7 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 323.4 ± 69.5 to 968.4 ± 120.6 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 120.3 ± 7.6 to 1387.4 ± 161.8 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 386 ± 8.3 to 1225.2 ± 100.9 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria.</p></sec><sec><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Essential oil of <italic>S. officinalis</italic> L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia, showed compositional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties generally consistent with essential oil of <italic>S. officinalis</italic> L. from other locations as reported in the literature.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundThe composition and activities of essential oil of common sage from Saudi Arabia have not yet been reported.ObjectivesTo analyze the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia.MethodsEssential oil was extracted from the leaves of S. officinalis by hydrodistillation, and its composition was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Phenolics and flavonoids were determined using gallic acid and quercetin standards. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined by disk diffusion and microdilution.ResultsThe yield of essential oil was 3.24 ± 0.55% (w/dry weight). Major compounds identified were camphor (20.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.0%), α-thujone (14.9%), viridiflorol (9.9%), carvone (6.2%), and β-thujone (5.7%). Phenolic content was 134.3 ± 17.61 μg/mL and flavonoid content was 119.5 ± 18.75 μg/mL. Antioxidant IC50 was 970 ± 5.5 μg/mL. The highest gram-positive antibacterial activity was for Bacillus subtilis and the highest gram-negative activity was for Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 62.2 ± 3.9 to 1398.1 ± 50.7 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 323.4 ± 69.5 to 968.4 ± 120.6 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 120.3 ± 7.6 to 1387.4 ± 161.8 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 386 ± 8.3 to 1225.2 ± 100.9 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionsEssential oil of S. officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia, showed compositional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties generally consistent with essential oil of S. officinalis L. from other locations as reported in the literature.

Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage <italic>Salvia officinalis</italic> L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering

Department of Chemistry, College of Science

Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage  L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia

BackgroundThe composition and activities of essential oil of common sage from Saudi Arabia have not yet been reported.ObjectivesTo analyze the composition and...

Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Dec 31, 2020

Page range: 261 - 270

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0035

Keywords
microbial sensitivity tests, antioxidants, phytochemistry, oils, volatile, Saudi Arabia

© 2020 Atef El Jery et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Dec 31, 2020

Page range: 261 - 270

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0035

Keywordsmicrobial sensitivity tests, antioxidants, phytochemistry, oils, volatile, Saudi Arabia

© 2020 Atef El Jery et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
microbial sensitivity tests, antioxidants, phytochemistry, oils, volatile, Saudi Arabia