Different Faces of Participation: Social Involvement in Rural Planning in Poland

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Average values of participation indexes for land use plans in historical-cultural regions and functional types of municipalities_

Name	Av. PIp	Median PIp	Av. PIc	Median PIc	Av. PInf	Median PInf
Historical-cultural regions
– strong local ties, strong self-government and civic traditions, conservatism, incumbent population (Galicia)	7.80	2.20	2.91	0.72	0.29	0.29
– weakest civic traditions, weakest traditions of self-government, incumbent population (Lands of former Russian partition)	8.28	4.31	4.70	1.97	0.31	0.29
– weak local ties, weak civic traditions, modernity, migrant population (Western and Northern Territories)	4.23	2.49	3.47	1.51	0.25	0.25
Functional types
– extensively developed	16.03	5.97	2.06	0.10	0.30	0.33
– non-agricultural functions	4.10	3.66	3.01	1.62	0.28	0.25
– agricultural functions	3.08	1.47	2.11	0.74	0.23	0.25
– external zones of urban centres	12.50	3.73	5.01	3.32	0.36	0.33

Independent variables included in the study_

Code	Variable	Factor type	Year
I1	Travel time to nearest city with population of more than 100,000 (Rosik 2021)	Spatial	2020
I2	Population density		2020
I3	Demographic dependency ratio (number of people of post-working age / number of people of working age)	Demographic	2020
I4	Share of people with higher education in municipality’s population		2021
I5	Share of immigrants (who moved between 2011 and 2021) in municipality’s population		2021
I6	Unemployment rate	Socio-economic	2020
I7	Average share of members of clubs (cultural, sports, etc.) in municipality’s population	Social	2015–2020
I8	Number of associations / 1000 inhabitants		2020
I9	Turnout in municipal council elections		2018

Average values of the participation index for development strategies in historical-cultural regions and functional types of municipalities_

Category of region	Av. PId	Median PId
Historical-cultural regions
– strong local ties, strong self-government and civic traditions, conservatism, incumbent population (Galicia)	0.79	0.40
– weakest civic traditions, weakest traditions of self-government, incumbent population (Lands of the former Russian partition)	0.74	0.11
– weak local ties, weak civic traditions, modernity, migrant population (Western and Northern Territories)	0.57	0.27
Functional types
– extensively developed	0.82	0.35
– non-agricultural functions	1.02	0.57
– agricultural functions	0.67	0.32
– external zones of urban centres	0.72	0.21

Participation indexes for different types of documents_

Document	N (all)	N*	Development planning
			PId
			Av.			Med.			Stand. dev.
Local development strategy	122	116	0.78			0.34			1.04
Revitalisation programme	52	51	1.11			0.42			1.49
Environemnt protecion programme	45	45	0.06			0.00			0.15
Other	15	–