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The Change and Variability of Snow Cover in Kraków in a 100-Year Observation Series

Katarzyna Piotrowicz

Katarzyna Piotrowicz

Department of Climatology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in KrakówKraków, Poland
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Piotrowicz, Katarzyna
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Małgorzata Falarz

Małgorzata Falarz

Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in KatowiceSosnowiec, Poland
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Falarz, Małgorzata
  
Sep 07, 2023
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Published Online: Sep 07, 2023
Page range: 213 - 222
Received: Feb 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0031
Keywords
© 2023 Katarzyna Piotrowicz et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Territorial evolution – A and number of populations of Kraków – B (based on Mydel [1994], Jelonek [1956] and GUS [2022]).
Territorial evolution – A and number of populations of Kraków – B (based on Mydel [1994], Jelonek [1956] and GUS [2022]).

Fig. 2.

Number of days with snow cover and trends of its changes in the period 1921/22–2020/21, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (*statistically significant changes at a level of 0.05). The trend value for the entire analysed 100-year period is shown in black font, in green font for the first sub-period and in red for the second sub-period.
Number of days with snow cover and trends of its changes in the period 1921/22–2020/21, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (*statistically significant changes at a level of 0.05). The trend value for the entire analysed 100-year period is shown in black font, in green font for the first sub-period and in red for the second sub-period.

Fig. 3.

Maximum depth of snow cover and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22–2020/21, 1921/22– 1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2).
Maximum depth of snow cover and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22–2020/21, 1921/22– 1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2).

Fig. 4.

Dates of the first and last days with snow cover and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22– 2020/21, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2; at the bottom the date of the first day, at the top the date of the last day).
Dates of the first and last days with snow cover and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22– 2020/21, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2; at the bottom the date of the first day, at the top the date of the last day).

Fig. 5.

Potential snow cover duration with snow cover and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22– 2020/21, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2).
Potential snow cover duration with snow cover and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22– 2020/21, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2).

Fig. 6.

Index of snow cover stability and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22–2020/21, 1921/22– 1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2).
Index of snow cover stability and trends of its changes in the periods 1921/22–2020/21, 1921/22– 1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21 (explanations as in Fig. 2).

Absolute and relative trends of basic snow cover characteristics in the periods 1921/22–2020/22, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21_

Snow cover characteristics Units Absolute trend Relative trend [% · 10 years 1]
1921/22–2020/21 1921/22–1960/61 1961/62–2020/21 1921/22–2020/21 1921/22–1960/61 1961/62–2020/21
Number of days [days · 10 years-1] –2.0* –3.8 –5.2* –3.3* –6.0 –9.1*
Maximum seasonal depth [cm · 10 years-1] –0.4 0.3 –2.0* –1.5 1.4 –9.5*
First day [days · 10 years-1] 0.6 5.7* 1.9 0.2 1.7* 0.6
Last day –0.7 –4.0 –0.6 –0.9 –5.0 –0.8
Potential duration –1.3 –9.7* –2.5 –1.2 –8.5* –2.2
Stability index [% · 10 years-1] –0.9 1.7* –2.3 –1.7 3.1* –0.6

Variation coefficient of selected snow cover characteristics in the period 1921/22–2020/22 and in its two sub-periods (1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21)_

Snow cover characteristics Variation coefficient [%]
1921/22–2020/21 1921/22–1960/61 1961/62–2020/21
Number of days 40.8 33.1 45.5
Maximum seasonal depth 53.5 53.6 53.4
First day 6.7 6.1 7.1
Last day 24.9 20.4 27.6
Potential duration 26.4 24.8 27.4
Stability index 35.6 30.0 39.1
Language:
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