<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Effective communication is necessary for the success of construction project performance. Due to its nature, effective communication is required to coordinate all parties involved in construction projects such as owners, project managers, engineers, subcontractors, etc. Few previous studies have addressed the issues of construction project communication, particularly in the communication planning stage. This paper aimed to investigate how far the communication planning has been effectively implemented in several construction projects in Jakarta and measure how big the influence to project performance. It adopts a quantitative method by distributing questionnaire surveys to contractors and consultants in Jakarta. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data which presents that communication planning has been implemented by 78.02 % of the responses and significantly impact the project performances. This paper offers useful implications for practitioners on how construction project teams (from contractors and consultants) should carefully manage the communication process particularly during its planning stage.
</abstract>

Measuring the Influence of Communication Planning Towards Construction Project Performance

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This study aims both to investigate the thermal properties of plaster reinforced with date palm fibers and local natural resources valorization to batter using materials construction. For that, studying the effect of addition date palm fibers on the plaster's thermal properties is a significant point. In this work, we measured effective thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal effusivity of date palm fibers reinforced plaster has been studied by CT meter. Samples configurations with four lengths (10 mm - 40 mm) and four-weight ratios (0.5 % - 2 %) of palm fibers in plaster. The results obtained demonstrate that an increase in the fraction of date palm fiber engenders to a significant decrease in the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and effusivity, even an increase for the specific heat of different types of samples. Finally, this study is a contribution to the valorization of local materials in southern Algeria, and results encourage the use of plaster and date palm fibers in the field of construction and go to eco-friendly buildings.</abstract>

Thermal Properties of Plaster Reinforced with Date Palm Fibers

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In frame of global European standardization and as consequence of new knowledge concerning the existing bridge reliability, the need for revision of the Technological Standard No. 104 “Load-carrying capacity of road bridges and footbridges” [1] (hereinafter referred to as TS 104) had started up. In the first stage of the revision, the preparation and analysis in the form of Analysis Task (hereinafter referred to as AT) has been worked up by the collective of the Department of Structures and Bridges from the University of Zilina in cooperation with Slovak Road Administration (SRA), National Motorway Company (NMC) and other co-operators among academicians and designers. In the presented paper, the attention is paid to the general concept and basic assumptions of the AT and revised TS 104 for determining the road bridge load-carrying capacity.
</abstract>

Determination of Road Bridge Load -Carrying Capacity

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Since its independence, Morocco suffered from many economic, social, environmental, and urban challenges. To deal with the existing dysfunctions, the State will look towards creating structuring projects, laws, national programs, etc. Except that all, the measures taken to remedy this do not integrate the population. The objective of this study is the participatory approach concretization in the process of sustainable development through a questionnaire targeting the resident population and the daily citizens in Rabat. As a result, various dysfunctions affecting mobility, pollution, and the living environment in general in Rabat were highlighted. These results will be the subject of a roadmap for an integrated and inclusive sustainable development project in a safe environment.
</abstract>

Beginning of Participatory Urbanism and the Sustainable City: Case of Rabat, Morocco

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
As an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the alkali-activated binders have been developed with better technical characteristics and more extended durability. The Alkali-Activated Iraqi Natural Pozzolans (AANP) could produce geopolymer cementation building materials and make them ecologically acceptable. The primary advantage of geopolymer cement is that it has a lower environmental effect that contributes to it. The engineering characteristics of geopolymer concrete produced using activated Iraqi natural Pozzolan are summarized in this research. The mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of various concrete mixes were determined via experimental study. The impact of essential variables like water/binder ratios <italic>w</italic>/<italic>b</italic> % and curing conditions on the characteristics of geopolymer concrete have been identified using test data. The findings indicate that concrete and mortar produced with alkali-activated natural pozzolans have flexibility and moderate to high strength.
</abstract>

Effect of Alkali - Activated Natural Pozzolan on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Knowledge of prestressing force’s value is in the case of prestressed concrete structure the most important basis for defining load-carrying capacity and remaining service life. Numbers of prestressed concrete structures are about to reach their limit of service life and they are exhibiting signs of deterioration due to the conceptional errors, inadequate maintenance and environmental distress. All of these factors negatively influence the actual state of prestressing. Thus, it is essential to determine the value of prestressing force considering the degradation of materials, such as corrosion of prestressing strands or wires. While assessing structure in service, it is difficult to apply magnetoelastic sensors or use other direct methods for determining the state of prestressing. Hence, the indirect methods enable to analytically calculate the prestressing force based on the results of measurement, e.g. strain, stress, deflection, or width of the crack. The present paper focuses on numerical analysis of prestressing in a twosome of precast prestressed concrete beams. For the numerical analysis, two indirect methods are applied, specifically Saw-cut method and Crack initiation method. Finally, the results are discussed and recommendations for the experimental campaign are summarized.
</abstract>

Analysis of Prestressing in Precast Prestressed Concrete Beams

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Due to the rising number of incidents of bridge failure, scouring around bridges has received a lot of attention. Accurate scour depth prediction is a challenge for researchers and experts, despite massive global research efforts. Estimation the scour depth is crucial for both a safety and economy. Numerous factors affect the scour depth. In this work, the scour depth of three distinct pier geometries – circular, oblong, and rectangular – is thoroughly investigated, and the effect of water depth and discharge on the scour depth of a given geometry is evaluated. Three pier shapes were the subject of a total of 27 trials, nine of which combined three discharges with varying flume water depth. Experimental observation of scour depth shows good agreement with analytical and numerical scour depth values. A comparative examination of analytical, experimental, and numerical findings indicates that numerical models can effectively estimate scour depth, offering a cost-effective and time-saving methodology. Results showed that circular and oblong pier geometry shows lesser scour depth than rectangular pier geometry for a specific combination of flow depth and discharge. Scour depth decreased with increasing flume water depth for the same discharge. For the constant flume water depth, higher discharge results in greater scour depth.
</abstract>

Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Evaluation of Bridge Pier Scouring

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
At present, the need to make use of industrial waste materials is increasing due to their harmful effects on the environment. In the present work, the behavior of hybrid reinforced T-Beam by steel, and CFRP with rubber is studied. The finite element modeling by using ANSYS version 15 program. It contains also all the required steps needed to create the concrete models that were prepared to study the behavior of beams with rubber concrete. The reinforcement of beams was various combinations of polymer CFRP and steel bars. The crumb rubberized concrete mixes were prepared by partial substitution (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 17.5 %, 20 %, 22.5 %, and 25 % replacements by volume). Due to the large number of parameters affecting the behavior of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with rubber concrete, an extensive parametric study was performed using ANSYS version 15 program. Three parameters were investigated namely: Bottom RFT, compressive strength of concrete, and the existence of opening. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results in terms of mode of failure and the failure load values. The results indicated that although the flexural capacity of the tested specimen decreased with the addition of Crumb Rubber and reduced its self-weight. The failure load of the beam increases with bottom reinforcement by the GFRP bar or CFRP bar. Also, reinforced beams by CFRP bars had a higher failure load than reinforced beams by GFRP bars. Having an opening in hybrid reinforced T-Beam with rubber concrete reduced the beam load capacity and maximum deflection. Also, using GFRP bars, and CFRP bars in the vicinity of openings in hybrid reinforced T-Beams increased the load capacity of these beams.
</abstract>

Non-Linear Analysis of Hybrid Reinforced T-Beam with Partial Substitution Recycled Rubberized Concrete

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Dam failure and unsafe dam reservoirs cause extremely serious flooding and affecting the environment and ecosystem in the downstream area. The study applied numerical modelling (MIKE 11, MIKE 21, MIKE FLOOD) combined with GIS technology to simulate flooding due to the collapse of Dong Be reservoir, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam, with flood scenarios of frequency P=1.5% and P=0.5%. The study calibrated and validated the MIKE FLOOD model for two historic flood events in 2010 and 2017. Assessment results show that they were relatively consistent with flood trace survey data. Inundation results in two scenarios show that the inundation area with the P=0.5% scenario tends to increase compared to the P=1.5% scenario. The evaluation of simulation results for flooding under two scenarios, when overlaid with administrative, population, and construction layers, will help assess the impact of dam failure and establish its consequences.
</abstract>

Application of Numerical Modeling and GIS for Simulating Inundation Under Dam Failure Scenarios

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Liquefaction is a dangerous and temporary phenomenon whereby water-saturated soil loses all or part of its strength. Undrained conditions associated with cyclic loading increase water pressure in soil pores, thereby reducing effective stress. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, to report on the phenomenon of liquefaction of sand, clay and silt deposits in more or less water-saturated zones in the section located at the heart of the central alluvial plain of the Oued Sebou in the mio-plioquaternary Gharb basin and, on the other hand, to study the ability of semi-empirical methods to correctly assess liquefaction potential, while specifying the most appropriate method for the area studied. The study is based on data from experimental results of static penetrometer tests between the Mnasra - Ouelad Salama zone in the Oued Sebou alluvial plain of Morocco's mio-plio-quaternary Gharb basin, made up of sandy, sandy-clay, sandy-silt and silty-sandy formations, which are more sensitive to liquefaction due to their saturation and grain size. We present and discuss the results of Olsen's method, Juang's method and Robertson's method, which are based on the CPT static penetrometer test, as well as looking at the impact of dynamic loading and soil structure on liquefaction probability index values.
</abstract>

Assessment of Liquefaction Potential by Comparing Semi-Empirical Methods Based on the CPT Test

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Concrete, which is based on the use of Portland cement as a binder, is often used as a structural material in the construction industry. However, the production of cement has a high energy demand. Alkaline-activated systems, for example, have the potential to replace cement with suitable substitutes, and this also puts the raw materials created as by-products from industrial processes to the fore. The presented research focuses on three selected variants, where the goal is to compare key properties from the point of view of material engineering and structural design. Tests of the mechanical properties of the examined materials are carried out and their durability is compared, namely frost resistance, resistance to chemical and de-icing substances and resistance to elevated temperature. As part of the main design criterion of structure, the resulting average compressive strengths of the selected alkali-activated materials ranged from 52.8 to 62.8 MPa.
</abstract>

Properties of Selected Alkali-Activated Materials for Sustainable Development

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The need to develop the concrete industry has increased with the increase in environmental damage resulting from building and construction operations. In the present research, the Numerical study of shear behavior of geopolymer concrete beams without stirrups by using the ANSYS program. It also includes concrete modelling to study the behavior of geopolymer concrete (GPC). The longitudinal reinforcements of beams (without stirrups) were "basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars". In order to enhance the shear behavior of the specimens, various types of fibers were added to geopolymer concrete (GPC): "steel fibers (SF), synthetic polypropylene fibers (PF), polyvinyl alcohol fibers (PVF), and carbon fibers (CF)". A numerical analysis was performed by the ANSYS version 15 program to study many parameters affecting the shear behavior of geopolymer concrete, such as longitudinal reinforcements,, and the inclusion of the opening. The results indicated that using steel fibers (SF) in geopolymer concrete increased the load failure of the tested specimens. On the other hand, using carbon fibers (CF) in the geopolymer concrete enhanced the ductility factor of these beams. The load capacity of the geopolymer concrete specimen is enhanced with longitudinal reinforcement by the CFRP bar compared to those reinforcements by BFRP bars. While the use of GFRP bars was less efficient than BFRP bars. Using FRP bars, and steel bars in strengthening geopolymer concrete beams with openings enhanced the failure load of these specimens.
</abstract>

Numerical Study of Shear Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Beam Without Stirrups

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The article deals with the interaction of a reinforced concrete slab with subsoil. The paper contains a non-linear analysis based on an experiment of reinforced concrete slabs with dimensions 2000 x 2000 mm and thickness 150 mm. A steel mesh with a diameter of 8/100 mm was used as reinforcement. The calculations and analysis are complemented by a comparison with EC2 design approaches. The research area combines the design of concrete structure and geotechnical tasks. The real behavior of the concrete structure with subsoil is considered for the analysis for advanced design. The selected computational approach of nonlinear analysis allows to capture the change of stiffness after the creation of cracks and modelling the shear punch failure of the slab - the collapse of the structure. The paper focuses on comparing the experiment with the numerical model in select loaded states for various input parameters of subsoil. Based on the experiment and numerical analysis the failure mechanism was determined. It was the punching of the slab. The calculations and the experiment verified that the critically controlled perimeter is at a distance of 1<italic>d</italic>. The effect of the modulus of elasticity on the slab punch mechanism was verified. In case of low modulus of subsoil, the load-bearing capacity of the slab is significantly reduced. The punching mechanism is influenced not only by the mechanical properties of the concrete but also by the properties of the subsoil. The performed parametric study also verified the influence of the size the nominal cover reinforcement depending on the modulus of elasticity of the subsoil. The deformation variant finite element method and a 3D computational model were used for numerical modelling. Nonlinear analysis was based on the Newton-Rapson method.</abstract>

Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slab with Subsoil

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The study investigated the durability performance of lime and fly ash stabilized lateritic soil blocks subjected to conditions of alternate wetting and drying. A locally available lateritic soil was collected and characterized in the laboratory for its geotechnical properties. The soil was then stabilized using lime and fly ash of various combinations. The blocks were tested for their compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. Durability was evaluated by subjecting the blocks to three cycles of wetting and drying and testing its compressive strength. The investigation revealed that fly ash-lime stabilization was capable of producing stabilized blocks meeting the standard requirements of Indian codes in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. The results revealed that a combination of 10 % fly ash with 10 % lime was enough to stabilize the soil to achieve the strength of a class 20 block whereas a combination of 10 % fly ash and 14 % lime was required to achieve the strength of a class 30 block. Wetting and drying cycles resulted in a marginal increase in strength after the first cycle but reduction thereafter. The optimal combination of 10 % fly ash and 14 % lime resulted in less than 25 % loss in strength after three cycles of wetting and drying.</abstract>

Performance of Fly Ash - Lime Stabilized Lateritic Soil Blocks Subjected to Alternate Cycles of Wetting and Drying

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The bitumen binders in road pavements are exposed traffic loading effect at different climatic conditions. A resistance to these stresses depends on bitumen properties as well. The paper presents rheological properties (<italic>G*, δ, ν*</italic>) determined and compared for four bituminous binders (unmodified and polymer modified bitumen) at temperature 46 – 60 (80) °C and dynamic viscosity at temperature 130 – 190 °C (Brookfield viscometer). On the basis of viscosity results it is possible to set optimal production and compaction temperatures. Elastic and viscous behavior of binder in the middle temperature is determined in rheometers. The higher value of complex modulus, the stiffer bitumen binder is able to resist deformation. The greater content of elastic components (e.g. polymer in bitumen) varies mainly elastic-viscous properties of primary bitumen.</abstract>

Department of Highway Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.

Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.

Department of Construction Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.

Study of Rheological Properties of Bituminous Binders in Middle and High Temperatures

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The article describes general principles and basis of evaluation of existing railway bridges based on the concept of load-carrying capacity determination. Compared to the design of a new bridge, the modified reliability level for existing bridges evaluation should be considered due to implementation of the additional data related to bridge condition and behaviour obtained from regular inspections. Based on those data respecting the bridge remaining lifetime, a modification of partial safety factors for actions and materials could be respected in the bridge evaluation process. A great attention is also paid to the specific problems of determination of load-caring capacity of steel railway bridges in service. Recommendation for global analysis and methodology for existing steel bridge superstructure load-carrying capacity determination are described too.</abstract>

Existing Steel Railway Bridges Evaluation

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> In this paper, we address the historical comparison methods with current methods for the assessment of flammability characteristics for materials an especially for wood, wood components and wooden buildings. Nowadays in European Union brings harmonization in evaluated of standards into each European country and try to make one concept of evaluated the flammability properties. In each European country to the one standard level which will be used by evaluation of materials regarding flammability. In our article we focused mainly on improving the evaluation methods in terms of flammability characteristics of using materials at building industry. In the article we present examples of different assessment methods at their own test methods in terms of fire prevention. On the base of old compared of materials by STN, BS and DIN methods for testing materials on fire and new methods of evaluating the flammability properties regarding EU standards before and after starting the flash over.</abstract>

The Evaluation of Flammability Properties Regarding Testing Methods

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The aim of the work is to improve the methodology for the dynamic computation of simple beam spans during the impact of high-speed trains.Mathematical simulation utilizing numerical and analytical methods of structural mechanics is used in the research.The article analyses parameters of the effect of high-speed trains on simple beam spanning bridge structures and suggests a technique of determining of the dynamic index to the live load. Reliability of the proposed methodology is confirmed by results of numerical simulation of high-speed train passage over spans with different speeds. The proposed algorithm of dynamic computation is based on a connection between maximum acceleration of the span in the resonance mode of vibrations and the main factors of stress-strain state. The methodology allows determining maximum and also minimum values of the main efforts in the construction that makes possible to perform endurance tests. It is noted that dynamic additions for the components of the stress-strain state (bending moments, transverse force and vertical deflections) are different. This condition determines the necessity for differentiated approach to evaluation of dynamic coefficients performing design verification of I and II groups of limiting state. The practical importance: the methodology of determining the dynamic coefficients allows making dynamic calculation and determining the main efforts in split beam spans without numerical simulation and direct dynamic analysis that significantly reduces the labour costs for design.</abstract>

Rating of Dynamic Coefficient for Simple Beam Bridge Design on High-Speed Railways

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 eISSN: 2199-6512  Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) is a scientific-technical journal, which...