<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Foundation of human civilization and endorsement of its potency are the consequences of prolonged women endeavor, which through its history of superiority and confinement, convey the picturesque of civilization. Since ages, the Indian societal structure has played an active role in stimulating the trends of change in women’s status, which with time also proved to be hindrance to the progress of this country. In this context, the study has attempted to emphasize the women’s status in ancient Indian civilization based on the ancient scripts and texts. The ancient era has been categorized into four distinct periods viz. the Vedic period, the Epic period, the period of Jainism and Buddhism and the age of Dharmaśāstras, Mánusmṛiti onward. The study has portrayed the relegation of the women’s dignified role and position entirely to a subservient one from Vedic period to the period of Dharmaśāstras, Mánusmṛiti onward.</abstract>

The saga of women’s status in ancient Indian civilization

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Municipal amalgamation reforms have been advocated as ways to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance capacity in local government service provision. Research on the consequences of amalgamations has reached maturity in terms of theories, research designs and methods, justifying a systematic survey of results. This article provides a synthesis of the empirical literature published over the last 20 years, organizing the effects of amalgamations into three categories: economic efficiency and cost savings, managerial implications, and democratic outcomes. Despite the significant variation across countries and reforms, some regularities emerge: cost savings being primarily limited to general administration expenditures (wages, office supplies, and so on), few changes in the quality of local services, and the diminished quality of local democracy. Several studies point to amalgamation reforms experiencing a trade-off between efficiency and democracy.</abstract>

Municipal amalgamations and their effects: a literature review

Location of Capitals of the World and the Boundaries of Vegetation Zones

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This article is a continuation of the same authors’ study entitled ‘Concepts And Delimitation Of The World’s Macro-Regions’ prepared for the 1/2018 of this journal (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_mgrsd-2018-0025_ref_003_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1ab1b4b3Aa">Anděl et al. 2018</xref>). The main aim of the first part was an evaluation of the concepts and factors which have been used as a basis for the delimitation of the different macro-regions of the world. In this second part, the authors propose their own macro-regionalisation of the world – this is a combination of four concepts, with relatively different contents: those of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_mgrsd-2018-0025_ref_009_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1ab1b4b9Aa">De Blij and Muller (1997)</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_mgrsd-2018-0025_ref_008_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1ab1b4b8Aa">Cole (1996)</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_mgrsd-2018-0025_ref_014_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1ab1b4c14Aa">Huntington (1996)</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_mgrsd-2018-0025_ref_010_w2aab3b7b7b1b6b1ab1b4c10Aa">Hampl (2009)</xref>. This macro-regionalisation arises from sociocultural affiliation, economic interrelationships and territorial continuity. Along with the concept of the macro-regional differentiation of the world itself, we focus on evaluating the importance of the shaping of macro-regions, as well as assessing the positive and negative features of individual concepts and their influence on the macro-regional differentiation of the world.</abstract>

Macro-regional differentiation of the world: Authors’ concept and its application

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Indian civilization has over 2500 years of mapping tradition. With the establishment of the Survey of India in 1767, British rulers initiated the mapping of colonial India with high precision and accuracy. They started mapping to establish British power and supremacy in the Indian subcontinent that portrayed a British image of India. Following independence in 1947, the Survey of India and other national agencies started mapping India for planning and development. Hence, questions have been raised that, how far British image of India have been transformed into an Indian image. In this context, in this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the mapping of India from the perspectives of transforming a colonial into a postcolonial image. The transformation occurred mainly in terms of purpose i.e. maps as a tool for the expansion of territory to planning, development and governance, from analogue to digital in method and in strategy from restricted to liberal access.</abstract>

Mapping India since 1767: transformation from colonial to postcolonial image

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The island of Cyprus has been occupied by various powers, during which time the historical and cultural contexts of the main cities of the island have changed and left behind material traces. One of these cities is the main port city of the island Famagusta, where the various ruling powers affected its fabric and the different historic structures of the city combine with modern in the contemporary city. These multicultural structures and historical layers can be followed on the maps. The aim of this paper is to follow the changing urban fabric of Famagusta by examining the selected maps from the 16th century to modern times. How much the city undergoes spatial alteration and how much of the historical structure and developments can be followed on the cartographic records? The paper will question the perspective of the cartographers towards Famagusta and their priorities in depicting this multicultural city.</abstract>

Past and present: cartographic history of Famagusta

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper provides a comprehensive description of preserved copper plates used for map printing in order to enrich the existing knowledge and, at the same time, contribute with new knowledge on the topic of the engraving of old maps. The dimensions, thickness, and weight of individual printing plates were measured. Qualitative indicators of the material were also examined. Printing plates originating from countries north of the Alps (former Czech lands) and from Mediterranean regions (Malta and Italy) are represented. For the purpose of the study, the term printing plate refers to a copperplate on which the engraving was made using the burin or line etching technique. These are some of the oldest reproduction techniques used for printing old maps. The period studied covers the 18th century, approximately. Studies dealing with a large set of printing plates and their classification are rather an exception (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_mgrsd-2023-0028_ref_014">Hameleers 1989</xref>). The issue of the qualitative properties of printing plates has not yet been comprehensively addressed in the literature focusing on the history of cartography.
</abstract>

<bold>Cartographic analysis of two centuries</bold> of map printing using copperplates – examples from the Czech Republic and Malta collections

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Progressing climate change is often reflected in changing biometeorological conditions. The Sudetes Mountains, located in the Polish–Czech border area, are concerned by this phenomenon. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the influence of atmospheric circulation on multiannual changes in biothermal conditions using the UTCI index. In the analysis, data for 1991–2020, from both Polish and Czech meteorological stations, was considered, while the circulation factor was evaluated using the Lityński classification. The research indicated a positive tendency of UTCI values for the majority of circulation types, which consequently contributed to a decrease in the frequency of cold stress categories. In the summits, a decline in the number of days with extreme cold stress was the most characteristic feature, especially under anticyclonic and northern circulation. Tendencies of heat stress occurrence were in most cases statistically insignificant, except for cyclonic and transitional circulation.
</abstract>

<bold>Changes in biothermal conditions</bold> in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article presents an assessment of Poland's participation in Earth observation programmes within its 10 years of membership in the European Space Agency (ESA). A diagnosis of the current state of affairs makes it possible to assess the actions taken to date by policy-makers and to indicate the directions which should be taken in the future so that satellite data on the Earth's surface is more widely utilised and available.
</abstract>

<bold>Ten years of Poland in the European Space Agency:</bold> perspectives for increased use of Earth observation satellite data

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
ChatGPT, along with its applications, possibilities, limitations and future development, is currently one of the most often discussed topics worldwide. One of the issues raised in those discussions is its ethically questionable role in science and education.
The goal of this paper is to assess the accuracy and correctness of the responses given by ChatGPT, using climate change in Poland as an example. Eight questions related to this topic were posed to ChatGPT, and each answer was subsequently verified and assigned a grade on a scale of 0–10. The overall grade obtained was 3.8, indicating that only 30–40% of the information provided by ChatGPT was accurate. This poor result can be attributed to fake references, inaccurate data, overgeneralizations and simplification. Nevertheless, with proper training and development, ChatGPT has tremendous potential to serve as a valuable tool for ethically sound applications in the field of science.
</abstract>

<bold>Climate change in Poland</bold> – the assessment of the conversation with ChatGPT

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The Sulejów reservoir is one of the largest reservoirs in Poland and is exposed to a large flux of nutrients from both point and diffuse sources, which leads to an excessive amount of eutrophication and cyanobacteria bloom. The underlying inspiration for this paper was to use a 1D HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model to improve the knowledge of sedimentation conditions and the chemistry of bottom sediments in the context of reservoir eutrophication and algae bloom. Field sampling was performed, and chemical concentrations of Total Organic Carbon, Total Phosphorus, and Cadmium were measured in samples from bottom sediments. The deepest parts of the reservoir and the presence of sediment traps coincide with the highest concentrations of organic carbon, nutrients, and heavy metals. The paper has shown that reservoir hydrodynamic modelling and precise bathymetry maps provide very valuable information that can be used for the interpretation of bottom sediment chemistry patterns and for understanding the conditions of sedimentation.
</abstract>

<bold>Hydraulic control on sedimentation processes</bold> and bottom sediments chemistry of Sulejów Reservoir in Poland

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Ventilation corridors are critical for regulating the appropriate flow of urban air streams. Details on how they function, especially in a specific location, can be found in local eco-physiographic studies. Such analyses are designed during conceptual work on the conditions and directions of the development of a studied area. Such documentation includes advanced research on the impact of natural conditions on the area's growth and evolution. In Warsaw, Poland, such a study makes it possible to define various natural areas that are essential for the appropriate functioning of the city and increase its inhabitants’ well-being. This provides an initial basis for further analysis and motivates researchers to investigate the distribution of natural sites. It inspired the authors to assess the land-use structure in the context of the location of ventilation corridors. Thus, land use and land cover (LULC) modifications were examined in the context of their tendency to aid in the ventilation of the city. The object of the study is the Bródnowski Ventilation Corridor (BVC) – one of several designated for Warsaw in the spatial planning concepts of the 1980s and 1990s. In the research encompassing the years 1982–2020, the authors analysed the land use and roughness determined by the development characteristics and vegetation cover. References were made to current and archival planning documents, aerial photographs, satellite images, and the Topographic Objects Database BDOT10k. The research was prompted by the municipality's intention to urbanize the study area, which will undoubtedly eliminate the ventilation function of the southern part of the corridor and significantly reduce its remaining territory. Analysis of changes in the land cover of the south part of the corridor confirms its marginal importance for the city's ventilation. In this area, ongoing modifications proceed slowly, and urbanization – mainly low-rise and less intensive buildings – is limited. This zone has largely retained and is likely to maintain its favourable features from the point of view of ventilation and air regeneration.
</abstract>

<bold>Study on transformations in land use</bold> in the functional context of extensive city ventilation routes using the example of Bródnowski Ventilation Corridor in Warsaw, Poland

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>During the last century about 100 indices were developed to assess influences of the atmosphere on human being. However, most of them have not close relationships with physiological reactions in man. In 1999 International Society of Biometeorology established special study group do develop new Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Since 2005 these efforts have been reinforced by the COST Action 730 (<underline>Co</underline>operation in <underline>S</underline>cience and <underline>T</underline>echnical Development). In February 2009 the Action was terminated and UTCI was developed.The new UTCI index represents air temperature of the reference condition with the same physiological response as the actual condition. The index base on Fiala model that is one of the most advanced multi-node thermophysiological models and include the capability to predict both whole body thermal effects (hypothermia and hyperthermia; heat and cold discomfort), and local effects (facial, hands and feet cooling and frostbite). The model consists of two interacting systems: the controlling active system; and the controlled passive system. The assessment scale of UTCI bases on the intensity of objective physiological reactions to environmental heat stress in wide range of weather and climates. The index can be applicable in various research, for example in weather forecasts, bioclimatological assessments, bioclimatic mapping in all scales (from micro to macro), urban design, engineering of outdoor spaces, consultancy for where to live, outdoor recreation and climatotherapy, epidemiology and climate impact research.The paper presents thermophysiological principles of UTCI as well as some examples of its application to assess bioclimatic differentiation of Europe.</abstract>

Principles of the New Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and its Application to Bioclimatic Research in European Scale

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The aim of this article is to show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be applied in agriculture as a sustainable development tool. This paper shows the connections between CSR and the Common Agricultural Policy; opinions on socially responsible agriculture expressed by EU citizens are mentioned, and the application of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in agriculture is described.Both CSR and the Common Agricultural Policy are included in the Europe 2020 Strategy. Farmers should take the CSR concept into account when running their farms, a practice that would be welcomed by European citizens. Applying Corporate Social Responsibility in agriculture would contribute to improving the image of farmers as perceived by stakeholders, as well as bringing notable economic, social and environmental benefits. This article is based on the available literature and the results of European public opinion surveys.</abstract>

The Application of Corporate Social Responsibility in European Agriculture

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Regional (economic) resilience and resilient thinking have gained considerable attention in recent years. My aim with this work is to throw light on some of the underlying aspects of regional economic resilience and resilient thinking. In the current study I give an overview of the notion, key concepts, main empirical results and planning tasks concerning regional (economic) resilience as well as outlining some of the criticisms. Finally, I provide some suggestions for studies in resilience and resilient thinking for future research agendas. The main results of the study is my own belief in the concept of regional economic resilience, and an overview and comparison of regional (economic) resilience literature and empirics that lead me to highlight some of the shortcomings of the research topic.</abstract>

Regional economic resilience: concepts, empirics and a critical review

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Hyperspectral imagery originating from airborne sensors is nowadays widely used for the detailed characterization of land surface. The correct mapping of the pixel positions to ground locations largely contributes to the success of the applications. Accurate geometric correction, also referred to as “orthorectification”, is thus an important prerequisite which must be performed prior to using airborne imagery for evaluations like change detection, or mapping or overlaying the imagery with existing data sets or maps. A so-called “ortho-image” provides an accurate representation of the earth’s surface, having been adjusted for lens distortions, camera tilt and topographic relief. In this paper, we describe the different steps in the geometric correction process of APEX hyperspectral data, as applied in the Central Data Processing Center (CDPC) at the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO, Mol, Belgium). APEX ortho-images are generated through direct georeferencing of the raw images, thereby making use of sensor interior and exterior orientation data, boresight calibration data and elevation data. They can be referenced to any userspecified output projection system and can be resampled to any output pixel size.</abstract>

Geometric correction of APEX hyperspectral data

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Evidence of climatic health hazards on the general population has been discussed in many studies but limited focus is placed on developing a relationship between climate and its effects on occupational health. Long working hours with high physical activity can cause health problems for workers ranging from mild heat cramps to severe heat stroke leading to death. The paper presents the possible risk of heat hazard to outdoor workers, using the example of Warsaw. The heat stress hazard, defined by WBGT values above 26 and 28°C and UTCI above 32 and 38°C, is assessed from two perspectives: its spatial distribution on a local scale and its temporal changes during the 21st century due to climate change. City centre and industrial districts were identified as the places with the greatest heat stress hazard. The number of heat stress days in a year (as predicted for the 21st century) is increasing, meaning that heat-related illnesses are more likely to have a direct impact on workers’ health.</abstract>

Department of Climatology Institute of Phisical Geography Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies University of Warsaw

Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences

Bioklimatologia. Laboratory of Bioclimatology and Environmental Ergonomics

Heat stress and occupational health and safety – spatial and temporal differentiation

Authors approval

Authors Contribution

Declaration anti ghostwriting policy

Figure copyright

Harvard Citation Style Guidelines

Instructions to Authors preparing papers

Publication Ethics Statement

Review Form

Congress of Polish Geography

Digitalization of archival volumes

Open Access License

Call for papers: Traces of German settlement in the modern-day cultural landscape

Call for papers: Communities for Climate Change Adaptation Action

List of Reviewers

Miscellanea Geographica

Regional Studies on Development

Print ISSN: 0867-6046 Journal's original version: Electronic version/digital media version.  The journal is indexed in:   Scopus (CiteScore - 1.5)...

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Print ISSN: 0867-6046 Journal's original version: Electronic version/digital media version.  The journal is indexed in:  ...

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 28 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)

Volume 27 (2023): Issue 4 (October 2023)

Volume 27 (2023): Issue 3 (July 2023)

Volume 27 (2023): Issue 2 (April 2023)

Volume 27 (2023): Issue 1 (January 2023)

Volume 26 (2022): Issue 4 (October 2022)

Volume 26 (2022): Issue 3 (July 2022) Thematic Issue: Contemporary world political geography - unity in diversity. Guest Editor: Marcin Solarz

Volume 26 (2022): Issue 2 (April 2022)

Volume 26 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 4 (October 2021) Thematic Issue: “Innovation in geospatial and 3D data” focuses on the newest achievements in the field of Geodata, which are used in Geosciences and for various applications such as urban planning, territorial management, damage assessment, environmental monitoring, 3D city modelling, renewable energy assessment, land registry, heritage documentation.

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 3 (July 2021)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 2 (April 2021)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021) Thematic Issue: Re-inventing territorial organization of the local tier: municipal splits in Central and Eastern Europe. Guest Editors: Pawel Swianiewicz, Katarzyna Szmigiel-Rawska

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 4 (October 2020)

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 3 (July 2020) Thematic Issue: UTCI application in different spatial and temporal scales. Editors: Krzysztof Błażejczyk, Bożena Kicińska.

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 2 (April 2020)

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 4 (October 2019)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 3 (July 2019) Thematic Issue: History and space: challenges, methods, applications. Editors: Piotr Werner, Izabela Gołębiowska, Izabela Karsznia

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 2 (April 2019)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 4 (December 2018) Thematic Issue: Organisation of Contemporary Urban Space. Towards Planning, Arrangement and Management of Cities. Guest Editors: Mikołaj Madurowicz, Andrzej Lisowski

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 2 (June 2018) Thematic Issue: Evolution of Cultural Landscapes. Longue duree of local wine landscapes. Guest Editors: Jerzy Makowski, Joanna Miętkiewska-Brynda

Miscellanea Geographica

Regional Studies on Development

Cartographic analysis of two centuries of map printing using copperplates – examples from the Czech Republic and Malta collections

Changes in biothermal conditions in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

Ten years of Poland in the European Space Agency: perspectives for increased use of Earth observation satellite data

Climate change in Poland – the assessment of the conversation with ChatGPT

Hydraulic control on sedimentation processes and bottom sediments chemistry of Sulejów Reservoir in Poland

Study on transformations in land use in the functional context of extensive city ventilation routes using the example of Bródnowski Ventilation Corridor in Warsaw, Poland