<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Rutting and Fatigue are taken as main premature failures among all distresses, as these distresses have wide effect on performance of pavement. Sudden variation of heavy axle loaded vehicles, improper mix design and traditional design methodologies used in pavement design industries are major factors behind these failures. For proper performance and good serviceability, these premature distresses should be resisted. Thus, there is a need of using a Mechanistic based design methodology like KENPAVE software, so that traditional design errors should be overcome. KENLAYER is a part of KENPAVE software. KENLYER software tool is utilized to calculated accurately stresses and strains in asphaltic pavement that are ultimately used in calculating allowance for rutting and fatigue failure utilizing Asphalt Institute design models or formulas. Resistance to Rutting failure is checked by calculating vertical compressive stress at the top of soil sub-grade layer, while resistance to fatigue failure is checked by calculating horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of asphaltic layer using KENLAYER software tool. Thus, the object of this research study is to analyze a flexible pavement with respect to rutting and fatigue distresses using KENLAYER software tool. For achieving that objective NHA (N-55) section of road in Sehwan Pakistan was taken as a reference pavement. Pavement was analyzed by altering the thicknesses of bituminous courses by ± 25 percent. From that we obtained total 20 cross-sections to be analyzed using KENLAYER software in terms of Rutting and Fatigue premature failures.</abstract>

Fatigue and Rutting Analysis of Asphaltic Pavement Using “KENLAYER” Software

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The article presents aspects related to the calculation of heat loss through the pipes of the interior central heating system. The purpose of the article is to detail the local heat losses in case of central heating systems. Based on the conclusions of the article, we propose the modification of the calculation methodology related to the building energy audit.</abstract>

Calculation Of Heat Loss Through The Pipes Of The Interior Central Heating System

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Dams are considered as strategic structures due to their initial role in economic system of the country, therefore, they are expected to be fully functional and powerful. Nano technology could be an effective factor of abrasion and compressive strength, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the concrete, thus more scientific research is essential to be carried out on these types of concrete due to their quite modern and high technology. In the current study, the effects of water-cement ratio on compressive and abrasion strength, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of concrete was investigated. The constructed concrete samples with 4% Nano-silica and water-cement ratios of 0.35 to 0.55 were tested. Other design features remained fixed in all concrete samples. The compressive strength of block samples of 150×150×150 mm were assessed in terms of time lasting 7, 28 and 90 days. The abrasion strength of the identical block samples were tested after 28 days. The hydraulic conductivity coefficient of cylindrical shape samples with the diameter 150 mm and height of 300 mm were experimented after 28 days. The results of the experiments indicated that by reducing the water-cement ratio from 0.55 to 0.35, the compressive strength increased 37.13, 40.14 and 38.22% for 7, 28 and 90 days age samples respectively and abrasion strength of concrete increased 38.22% and the hydraulic conductivity coefficient (m/s) and depth of penetration (mm) of the concrete decreased from 27.76×10−15 and 2.756 to 1.5×10−15 and 0.784 respectively. In addition porosity decreased from 12.76 to 11.22%.</abstract>

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Compressive, Abrasion Strength, Hydraulic Conductivity Coefficient and Porosity of Nano-Silica Concretes

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The paper presents a first experimental version of the original QGIS plugin QWaveTransposition that numerically implements the geographic transposition of wave gauge data method proposed by Contini and De Girolamo (1998) for offshore wave hindcasting. The method allows one to transfer wave data measured at a given gauging station to a virtual station located offshore the area of interest, by comparing the effective fetches at both stations. The QWaveTransposition plugin was implemented in Python programming language, including the NumPy package for numerical computations. A graphical user interface was developed to manage the input/output data and model parameters. The fetch geometry at real and virtual stations can be imported by selecting appropriate vector layers from the QGIS map. An application to a sample site in southern Italy is presented for example purposes.</abstract>

A QGIS Plugin for Offshore Wave Hindcasting Based on Geographic Transposition of Wave Gauge Data

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In ancient structures such as Jabalieh dome at Kerman and Dokhtar Bridge at Mianeh in Iran, it was said that egg and in some cases egg and camel milk were used in the mortar. Thus, it was imagined that the stability of these structures were based on these traditional materials. Therefore egg parts and also camel milk were used as a portion of water in the concrete to evaluate this traditional theory. For this purpose, 16 concrete mix designs included 144 cubes, 16 cylinders and 16 prisms were casted. Various percentages of albumen, yolk or camel milk were used. Results showed that by substituting 0.5% of water content with albumen, compressive strength was similar to control specimen. But splitting tensile strength and three-point flexural strength were 7.2% and 18.9% higher than control specimen, respectively. Moreover, because of camel milk’s fat, usage of this material was not suggested.</abstract>

Performance of Concrete by Using Albumen, Yolk and Milk

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Geopolymer offers significant promise to the construction world as a possible alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Like conventional Portland cement concrete, the matrix brittleness in geopolymer composites can be reduced by introducing suitable fibre reinforcement. A few investigations on fibre reinforced geopolymer composites are available. However there is still a gap to comprehend and enhance their performance. This paper describes the effect of incorporating micro polypropylene fibres on the strength and durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete. The engineering and durability properties like workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and sorptivity of geopolymer concrete reinforced with micro polypropylene fibres is presented. The effect of the sulfuric acid attack on Geopolymer Concrete reinforced with micro polypropylene fibres is also discussed. The results show that hydrophobic characteristics of the micro polypropylene fibre led to weak contact with the geopolymer binder and hence weakened the mechanical performance of the fly ash based geopolymer matrix. However significant improvements in durability properties were noted.</abstract>

Effect of Micro Polypropylene Fibre on the Performance of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The present paper focuses on a study model of a trithermal absorption machine, operating at H2O/LiBr couple, powered by a planar solar collector. Therefore, the mathematical model is based on the principles and laws of thermodynamics as well as the heat and mass transfer equations, expressed for the refrigeration cycle. In fact, the results of the complete numerical simulation of the machine, developed within the framework of this study, allow predicting the performances of this type of installation according to the various parameters as well as the operating temperatures and the flow rate in the absorber.
</abstract>

Simulation and Analysis of a Solar Cooling System

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This study investigates the impact of waste additives on the behaviour of high-performance concrete and its environmental implications, with a specific focus on resource conservation. The research objectives were realised through the preparation of high-performance concrete specimens incorporating industrial waste materials and marble powder as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregates, respectively. Silica fume and ground blast furnace slag were introduced as substitutes for 8% of the cement’s weight. Powdered marble was volumetrically substituted at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the fine aggregates. The physical and mechanical properties of both fresh and cured concrete specimens were evaluated at different ages, encompassing parameters such as density, compressive strength, impulse velocity, water absorption, and durability. The findings demonstrated that high-performance concrete formulated with silica fume and ground blast furnace slag exhibited superior properties compared to compositions relying exclusively on Portland cement. Furthermore, the inclusion of marble powder as an alternative building material constituent in high-performance concrete resulted in increased efficiency and improved resistance against chemical acid attacks. Significantly, this approach contributes to reduce aggregate demands, environmental preservation, and the production of environmentally sustainable concrete.
</abstract>

Enhancing Mechanical Behaviour and Durability of High Performance Concrete with Silica Fume, Ground Blast Furnace Slag, and Marble Powder

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Concrete is the mostly used construction material composed of a mixture of cement, water, aggregates (such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone), and often additional additives or admixtures. It is widely used in the construction industry for various applications due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Key characteristics of concrete include strength, durability, versatility, fire resistant, cost effective, weather resistant, insulation and decorative options. Concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry, providing the foundation for most buildings, infrastructure, and many other structures worldwide. Its composition and properties can be tailored to meet specific project requirements, making it an indispensable material in modern construction. Various fibers can be used to enhance the mechanical and bonding properties of concrete. Also waste fibers after recycling can be reduced the environmental burden. Keeping in this view, glass powder sodium silicate glass (SSG) is used as replacement of cement with different percentages 0%,4%,8%, and 12% in combination of xanthan gum 0.2% for all mixes. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the mechanical and durability properties of concrete by performing compression test, flexural test, alkali silica reactivity test, sulfate resistivity test and drying shrinkage test. For this, forty-eight concrete cylinders are prepared for compression test, forty-eight concrete prisms for flexural test and thirty-six mortar bars of four mixes are prepared for durability testing. Workability is checked of fresh concrete during the pouring of concrete cylinders. Poured cylinders’ samples are left for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing. Different tests are performed on hardened concrete and mortar samples to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties. Results concluded that workability of four mixes lies between 60-80mm and compressive strength of concrete has been improved using glass powder (SSG). Optimum results have been achieved at 12% as compared to other mixes 4% and 8% of concrete samples. Fibrous material is used as a binding agent and fibrous concrete is suitable for humid environment where high strength and voids less concrete are required. Quantity of cement can be reduced by using different fibers as a replacement of cement. Research recommended that recycled glass powder can be used in concrete as construction material and 12% replacement is suitable for optimum results.
</abstract>

Improvement in Long Term Bonding and Mechanical Performance by Using Glass Concrete in Combination with Xanthan Gum Exposed to Harsh Environment

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The mining industry is the branch that provides necessary mineral raw materials for a whole series of economic activities, with the main beneficiaries being the energy industry (through coal consumers), companies specialized in the processing of uranium concentrates, chemical industry, food industry, construction materials industry, non-ferrous metallurgical industry, etc. Thus, in accordance with the Romanian mining industry strategy 2017-2035, one of the objectives of the industrial policy in the mining field in Romania is the development and implementation of a database system for the mining sector. Specifically, the goal consists in a development of a tool for tracking and implementing the Mining Law, which allows the collection, storage, administration, modification and analysis of data regarding licenses and permits. At the same time, the development of a visualization and geographic information system (GIS) of mining exploration and exploitation perimeters, as support for the promotion of concessions for mineral resources, is being pursued. In this way, there is a tendency towards the automated and computerized management of the production processes. The development of such systems with practical applicability requires the design, development, and implementation of specific models and databases. The structure and quality of the designed data models directly influence the exploitability and analytical capability of the systems. This paper analyzes the possibilities of designing and implementing a database for the management of the surface mining activities. In the first part of the paper, the basic principles regarding the design and population of databases are presented, as well as their correlation with user requirements and exploitation needs. In the second part, a data model was proposed for the management of mining activities, in accordance with the main stages in the life cycle of a mining operation. In the end, several scenarios for the exploitation of GIS databases were presented, as well as their interconnection with data sources external to the system.
</abstract>

Design of a GIS Database for Surface Mining

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper aims to study the on-going problem of traffic generated noise pollution, focusing on the influence of speed breakers on specific areas of the noise spectrum. We studied different types of speed breakers around the metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca, measuring a sound spectrum from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Speed breakers have an extensive use all over the world as safety measures near parks, schools, residential areas, but the question to answer is whether they also contribute to the increase in noise pollution and to what measure this contribution is. The study considers the different types of speed breakers used in the metropolitan area and the degree of usage the speed breakers have.
</abstract>

Influence of Speed Brakers on Traffic Generated Noise Levels

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
A recently created cementing substance noted for its remarkable qualities is reactive powder concrete (RPC). It incorporates fine quartz sand, crushed quartz, silica fume, a low water-to-cement ratio, and a high percentage of Portland cement. In RPC, fine quartz sand completely takes the role of coarse aggregate. This study examines the effects of high-temperature curing on RPC strength while concentrating on the manufacture of RPC in Pakistan using locally accessible materials. In specifically, a compressive strength of more than 142 MPa is one of the desirable hard qualities that must be attained as the main goal. The study uses a variety of test mixtures and curing methods, including heat curing. The major emphasis is on mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split cylinder strength, and flexural strength. The study also investigates how the mechanical properties of RPC are affected by various steel fiber concentrations and curing conditions. With varying quantities of steel fiber and silica fume, more than 100 experimental mixtures are created. In comparison to silica fume levels, which range between 25% and 35% by weight of cement, steel fiber concentrations range from 0% to 3% by total volume. The results demonstrate the effects of curing at 60°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Notably, after 28 days of curing at 90°C, a compressive strength of 142 MPa is attained, suggesting a general rise in compressive strength across all curing methods with curing age.
</abstract>

Optimizing Local Resources in Pakistan to Produce High-Strength Reactive Powder Concrete

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In the case of realized geotechnical monitoring (GTM) of reinforced retaining wall in difficult geological conditions is demonstrated the important role at realisation of transport infrastructures, which are often realized in insufficient quality due to inappropriate geotechnical parameters from survey works or not fitted well design of structure at certain conditions. This can result in large deformations of structure, or losing stability or structure life-time is very limited and remediation work is complicated and expensive. There was built on the modernized railway line Bratislava – Trenčín, closed to Zlatovce, overpass and connected road embankments on the route of first class I/61. Structure was designed as a bridge over the railway track before the northern portal of the railway tunnel Turecký vrch was open. A part of the embankment and overpass was a retaining wall reinforced by geosynthetics. The results of the geotechnical monitoring of this wall were afterwards simulated using finite element method (FEM) and results of this comparison are the scope of this article.</abstract>

Importance of Results Obtained from Geotechnical Monitoring for Evaluation of Reinforced Soil Structure – Case Study

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>From various other studies, it is known that the maximum carbon dioxide concentration in different countries is between 1,000 ppm up to 1,500 ppm. Therefore, the research is focused on indoor environment, namely the production of pollutants from the persons inside office rooms. The article presents the trend of the carbon dioxide concentration from the occupants inside an office. It is examined the carbon dioxide production separately for men and women, for persons of different mass and for persons of different ages. It is also analyzed the carbon dioxide production during a sedentary and physical activities. In parallel with the production of carbon dioxide is presented the monitoring of the human pulse and blood pressure. All these parameters are monitored together with relative humidity and indoor air temperature. The aims of this paper is to describe the partial results of human respiration impact on indoor air quality in closed spaces and to research the connection between carbon dioxide concentration and human health.</abstract>

The Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Human Health - Case Study

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) presently utilized as a part of special structures subjected to dynamic loads for example airport pavements, expressways overlays, bridge decks and machine foundations. In most cases, FRC contains just a single kind of fibre. The utilization of at least two kinds of fibres in an appropriate mix can possibly improve the mechanical properties of concrete and result in performance synergy. The audit demonstrates that the blend of fibre allows a more powerful control of the dynamic crack development. This review analyses the components for synergistic impacts that gives direction on the fiber and matrix choice.</abstract>

A Review of Fiber Synergy in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Romania, due to its historical background, has many vestigial belongings to the cultural heritage, out of which the most noticeable (by number, age, architecture, symbolism and representation) are the wooden churches. Under these circumstances the role of the current study is to emphasize certain practical aspects (focused on the need to assess, preserve, restore and valorize) regarding the use of modern technology based on photogrammetry and 3D scanning. The case study was represented by the “Saint Martyrs Constantin Brȃncoveanu and His Sons” wooden church from Oradea Municipality, Bihor County, Romania; the edifice being included on the list of historical monuments ever since 2010. The final goal being to create 3D models for both the exterior and interior of the monument for research, restoration in case of need, sharing for education, entertainment, tourism purposes etc.</abstract>

3D Modeling of the Cultural Heritage: Between Opportunity and Necessity

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The construction industry consumes a large quantity of cement, which therefore leads to a high CO2 emission due to the cement manufacture. The partial replacement of cement by supplementary cementations materials (SCMs) is considered as the most promising alternative to reduce the environmental impact of this industry. This investigation aims to evaluate the performance of calcinated clay (calcined bentonite at 850 °C) used as partial replacement of cement in cement-based mortar. The evaluated performances include the physico-chemical and mechanical properties, as well as microstructural characteristics.. Various characterization tests, including laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) have been investigated. In addition, the hardened properties of different mortar mixtures were also investigated. Mortar mixtures incorporating different calcinated clay percentages corresponding to 8, 10, 12, and 14%, by mass of total binder content, were proportioned. Termogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its derivative (DTG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and microstructural (Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) analysis were carried out on samples of mortar mixtures. Furthermore, the 28-d hardened properties were assessed to assess the pozzolanic activity of the investigated mixtures. Strength activity index (SAI), DSC, and TGA analyzes are presented. The obtained results showed that all the mixtures exhibited adequate pozzolanic activity conforming to the ASTM C618 specifications.
</abstract>

Calcinated Bentonite as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Cement-Based Mortar

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Cement is a common and widespread building material over the world. Similarly, carbon dioxide emissions have been significantly increased due to cement production. Alternative low-carbon binders rather than cement have been progressively sought in recent years. Fly ash was found as an available option, since it is being largely disposed annually as a waste material. In this research several studies have been reviewed and recent applications of fly ash on concrete specification, including strength and fracture toughness of green concrete have been perused. Furthermore, transport properties of high volume fly ash after exposure to high temperature and influence of curing temperature on strength development of fly ash-recycled concrete aggregate blends have been investigated. The investigated test results showed that the properties of composites incorporating fly ash depend on the age of the concrete. Test results also revealed that transport properties of concrete increased notably after exposure to 400cº and the results achieved on fly ash-recycled concrete aggregate led to the conclusion that 15% FA is the optimum blend for road stabilization applications.</abstract>

Effects of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

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 Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences (JAES) is a peer-reviewed, electronic and printed journal that publishes original, high-quality research on topics broadly related to Civil...

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 Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences (JAES) is a peer-reviewed, electronic and printed journal that publishes original, high-quality...