<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Healthy organizational culture is an important condition for the long-term stable successful functioning of the organization. It is important for the organization to share the understanding and interpretation of culture, forming healthy attitudes, complex of values, developing strategies for combining personality and organizational cultures, ensuring compatibility with universal humanitarian values of organizational culture. Our research carried out by the Human Potential Management Laboratory is linked to the identification of the main characteristics of organizational culture at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU), revealing of challenges and elaboration of appropriate recommendations. TSU is the oldest higher educational institution in Georgia and also in the Caucasus region. It is the largest university in Georgia, where the best students are enrolled from all regions of Georgia. The established norms of culture, the forms of relations, the system of recognized values here extend not only to the personnel but also to the younger generations that represent the country’s significant intellectual potential. The culture they have accepted affects the cultural value system of the country in general. For analysing organizational culture we have used the analysis of its expressive components, such as history, traditions, material symbols, language; Beliefs - understanding how the goals and ideas are related to each other; Routine behaviors established in the organization; Norms shared by groups). The dominant values - the firm, long-term belief of what is important; Expectations - Understanding how events will develop in the organization; The philosophy of organizational policy that determines the attitudes towards the employees, customers (the students); Rules of the game existing in the organization; Climate of the organization; Innovation and the ability to risk; Artifacts - aspects of organizational culture that you can see, hear and feel. The work was based on the qualitative and quantitative research. We studied not only the normative grounds for determining the organizational culture, but also developed hypotheses, we made a questionnaire. 34 closed and 2 open questions were answered by survey respondents. The survey covered 458 representatives of the Faculty of Economics and Business: Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD students, academic and administrative staff. The study has shown that a strong culture is established in the organization, it was found that the influence of the socialist system on it is very high. It needs a great effort to change if needed. It has been revealed that the culture is not managed by open methods, it is less visible that it is an immediate objective of managing management, and its primary expressions are formed as a result of the interaction of normative regulators and individual interpretations of the activity. As a result of the research it has been revealed that the attitudes of different focus groups towards the same event differ, as well as the perceptions of respondents from different categories about cultural trends in the organization. It is interesting that radically different positions have been revealed among the respondents of one category towards certain issues, which gives the basis for making important conclusions. The conducted survey is a kind of supplement to the results of the earlier research carried out by us, which deals with the issue of improving management at higher education institutions in Georgia and in the post-Soviet space in general.
</abstract>

Organizational Culture Management Challenges

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Sexual harassment in the workplace is a reflection of unequal power relationship among genders and should not be seen as isolated cases emanating from psychological or criminal roots. The practice of sexual harassment in the workplace occurs in occupations and industries which turns working environment for women into stressful, damaging, and hostile and makes it difficult for them to achieve their rightful place in employment. Sexual harassment in the workplace is the most frequent form of gender-based violence occurring in Pakistani society which is characterized by patriarchy and gender segregation. When women attempt to join workforce and take economic responsibilities of family in opposite to predominating social norms, they have to suffer from sexual harassment. This sort of unfriendly and hostile working environment for women disclose not only the gender-biased structure of the workplace but also ingrained and entrenched culture which objectify women and quite often paints her as mere recipients of male desire. The view of women’s objectification are reproduced and perpetuated in working environment of patriarchal societies. This study is an endeavor to find out the causes of sexual harassment in the workplace in Pakistan; and what are the underlying factors which lead to under-reporting of the incidences of sexual harassment. This study asserts that the patriarchal values prevailing in Pakistani society breed sexual harassment in the workplace and also preclude victims to report the incidence by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support. This study argues that in an environment like Pakistan where rule of law is not prevalent in entire society so just having policies and awareness regarding these policies could not be a valid and significant element for lowering the sexual harassment incidences. This phenomenon reflects the unequal power relationships between genders and cannot be combated until patriarchal mindsets are changed which can be achieved only by transforming the existing patriarchal society itself that is producing such mindsets.
</abstract>

Workplace Sexual Harassment and its Underreporting in Pakistan

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
All research strategies suffer from some weaknesses. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches might offset some flaws. Recently a growing methodological trend arose from the acknowledgement that mixed methods may increase the value of several research projects. With this background, the paper analyses trends of mixed methods in the business, management and accounting area during the last twenty years. The analysis highlights domains where mixed methods are not frequently used, such as entrepreneurship, and presents ongoing research based on mixed methods on the Italian community enterprises, a set of collective entrepreneurial initiatives working for sustainable regeneration in their territories. These enterprises are elusive since they are neither easily identifiable nor extractable from databases. A fixed and sequential mixed method approach turns out to be effective for investigating these evolving enterprises. The work is relevant for novices to mixed methods research and provides meaningful insights to analyze a type of organisation that is very important in depleted contexts.
</abstract>

Mixed Methods in Business, Management and Accounting Research: An Experimental Design in the Entrepreneurship Domain

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In general, when analyzing the costs of armed conflict, the literature most often relates to civil wars or interstate conflicts. The moment of September 11, 2001 marked the beginning of a new concern in the economy, namely the economic cost of terrorism. Terrorism is a form of conflict in which acts of violence are directed at non-combatants or civilians who are usually unrelated to the political target of the group that committed it. This article analyzes existing data on the costs of terrorist acts that are committed by non-state parties or subnational groups. In this article, we will also look at the impact that terrorism has on the world economy (including both developed and underdeveloped states). We will find that although it has a significant impact on the global economy, the most devastating effects of violence are felt by underdeveloped economies whose poverty and inequality do not allow for a rapid and sustained response to terrorism.
</abstract>

The Global Economic Impact of Terrorism

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Caring for human resource development is an important issue in all directions, on a macro, micro, and individual level (Gulua, Ekaterine, 2013). This is the key pillar of effectiveness and progress (Gulua, Ekaterine, 2012), this is a resource that is responsible for rational development of all other resources. The level of human resource development is directly proportionate to the development of the organization, the country's development, and conversely the more developed a country, an organization is, the more appreciated are the people - the main factor of its success (Gulua, Ekaterine;, 2014). The developed countries differ from developing ones by the attitude towards a person, his/her potential. Therefore, organizations need to take care of people in many ways: spiritual, physical, intellectual (basic, emotional, social), career development. Only in this case the organization gets dedicated, case-oriented, highly qualified employees. At the same time, the main moral responsibility for their managing power is simplifying development opportunities for the human being. (Gulua, Ekaterine;, 2011). One of the most interesting issues in human resource management is the management of human resource development. Consequently, it provides good opportunities for scientific research. The main purpose of the functioning of human potential management laboratory is the actualization of these issues at all levels in Georgia. The present work is dedicated to studying employed students’ challenges in Georgia. The issue of employed students’s development is complex and depends on many issues such as: country development level, level of students’ consciousness and their material status, development level of higher education institutions, employers' organizational policies, etc. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the attitude of the organizations towards the employed students-colleagues.
</abstract>

Employed Students' Development Challenges in Georgia

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact business organizations around the world financially. One major concern is the common practice of business organizations to reduce their workforce. Issues might arise from such management decisions. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to analyze the legitimacy of managerial decisions relating to workforce reduction. The methodology of legal analysis was used by referring to and reviewing literature in Malaysia, Singapore and the United Kingdom. Major findings show that management decisions on workforce reduction especially during the COVID-19 outbreak must accord with employment law and existing government measures. Apart from that, an employer’s failure to resolve issues of workforce reduction according to the law and government measures would result in trade disputes and eventual court action. The findings of this study can assist employers to make sound management decisions with valid reasons in situations, not within their control.
</abstract>

Legitimizing Workforce Reduction: A Review on Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak to the Economy

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Several researchers have recognized the value of self-tracking technologies used to personally obtain data about ourselves. The aim of the present study was to assess the barriers associated with the “technologies of existence”, so-called wearables, including lack of knowledge of these devices, lack of information on their correct use, as well as difficulties regarding data integration and interpretation. To help to overcome these barriers we investigated a project involving two self-tracking activities in an Italian secondary school, performing a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the students using these technologies for educational purposes. Thanks to the project and its contextualized practical and theoretical activities, students were able to become “enhanced users” in terms of their knowledge, autonomy and awareness as regards wearable technologies. Our findings regarding the application of wearable technologies in a scholastic setting may also be step forward in addressing a well-known common pitfall of self-tracking: insufficient scientific rigor. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis showed how the use of wearable devices in educational settings had a range of beneficial effects, above all, eliciting satisfaction among students, but also yielding positive outcomes regarding the acquisition of scientific knowledge perceived both in terms of device applications and data interpretation. In conclusion, our findings may have broad implications in the future design and development of wearable technologies.
</abstract>

Information About Ourselves from Ourselves: Young Users of Wearable Technologies in Secondary School

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The accessibility and popularity of social networks makes them appropriate tools for promotion and prevention interventions in health, reaching a large audience with greater efficiency. One of its most attractive features is <italic>interaction</italic>, which not only allows great diffusion of the messages, but also supplies them with greater interest and credibility. Platforms such as Facebook are very popular among young people, a high risk group for Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection due to ignorance, prejudice and sexual behavior that is risked and active. The objective of this research is to know the preferences and attitudes of young people towards (1) interaction and (2) type of information about HPV on Facebook. Increasing our knowledge in this area will help to make interventions in this field more useful. Through a questionnaire validated in previous research, was made a cross-sectional descriptive study of the preferences of 120 young universities in the use of facebook as a tool for health promotion about HPV. More than half of the participants would follow a page on the HPV to be informed and share information on prevention, vaccines and campaigns. The preferred resources were: multimedia, testimonials and articles by specialists. They prefer to “share” to “create themselves” messages. A group of subjects who reject the use of the tool is detected, arguing that they would not do it for (1) a lack of interest, (2) because people can relate them personally to the sickness or (3) for possible bugs and criticisms.
</abstract>

Preferences of Young People in the Use of Facebook as a Health Education Tool for HPV

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This study is in line with the analyses of university and working career in their interaction in relation with conditioning factors. It comprises two central issues: the issue of identity bound to the issue of professionalization within the domain of training and employment. Nowadays, professionalization of the individuals, inside a troubled occupational world, demands the implementation of mechanisms favoring the development of both the individuals and the institution in which they work. All this has an impact at the local, regional and even national levels. Three levels of analysis interplay from a sui generis perspective: macro-meso-micro-macro (Aparicio, 2005; 2007a; 2007b, 2013a, 2014, 2015 b, d – See the Three- Dimensional Spiral of Sense Theory). The aim was to be aware of the doctors’ representations regarding the value of such degree under the present “degree devaluation”, and its impact on the professional future as well as on the core issues of the labor market which need urgent measures with a view to a belter interaction between the two systems. The methodology used was quanti-qualitative (semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and hierarchical evocations). The population consisted of doctors (2005-2012) from the National University of Cuyo, in Argentina. The results helped us understand the nucleus of such representations and the peripheral aspects by career and institution, thus revealing professional and disciplinary identities. The professional identities show the situated needs in terms of professionalization within the different contexts and, particularly, within the labor market.
</abstract>

Careers, Identities and Professionalization. a Study on Doctors about Their Social Representations Related to the Labor Market Today and its Foreseeable Future

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Family businesses are the most omnipresent form of business organisations at the international and national levels. In Portugal, family firms account for more than 70% of all businesses, contributing with 50% in employment creation. Yet, most of the existing literature does not converge in a consensual and operative definition of what are core elements which distinguish family business from non-family business. Therefore, it is crucial to extend our knowledge on important family business topics due to the broadness, diversity, uniqueness and growth potential of family business in the whole world. In this sense, the ongoing project “Roadmap for Portuguese Family Businesses” (NORTE2020/FEDER) is focused on providing a better understanding and assessment of the impact of family businesses in the North of Portugal on the local, national and international economies. This research addresses a major problem that has been identified in Europe and consists in the lack of institutional visibility, particularly of accurate and up-to-date statistics in this sector. This paper begins by identifying some of the interesting research questions that emerge from examining the business family portraits. Then, based on some preliminary empirical findings gathered from ongoing research, first of all, we intend to identify interesting profiles of family business by mobilising some socioeconomic variables; and secondly, to point out major challenges faced by Portuguese family business.
</abstract>

Diversity and uniqueness of Family business in the North of Portugal

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
During the last decades, there has been an increasing interest in the analysis of a potentially dangerous phenomenon for the public health: pseudoscience. It can be defined as the set of false knowledge that attempts to resemble science even though it is not. Nowadays there are many who opt for these therapies not scientifically endorsed to solve their health problems. This situation is increased for risk patients or chronic diseases, who come to this type of therapies as a last resort. In these cases, the choice between science and pseudoscience can become a matter of life or death. Through qualitative and quantitative research techniques, we analyze the reasons why patients choose pseudoscience instead of conventional and scientific medicine. The data obtained from this research reveal that in extreme situations patients value most the human contact with the therapist that the validity of the therapy itself. This factor, coupled with the precariousness of the health system, generates a dynamic in which pseudosciences gain ground over scientific medicine. According to the experts interviewed, this phenomenon is increasing and may represent a danger to public health. This research reveals the possible causes and consequences of this phenomenon from the point of view of more than 60 professionals of the Spanish scientific community and 30 patients who have used both disciplines. The results obtained indicate that this situation is intensified due to the inaction of the competent institutions and the lack of regulation.
</abstract>

The choice of pseudoscientific therapies as an alternative to scientific medicine

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European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

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Print ISSN 2411-958X  European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (EJIS) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, and peer-reviewed research...