<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Homeopathy, an alternative treatment method based on the principle of “like cures like,” has gained attention in recent years. This paper focuses on Bufo Rana, a homeopathic remedy prepared from the poison of the Bufo toad. We explore the process of potentization and dosage in homeopathy, discussing the various potencies and the influence of Avogadro’s number. Furthermore, we provide an overview of Bufo species, their historical depictions in art, and the toxicological properties of bufotenine, tryptamine, and bufotoxin found in Bufo toads. The clinical consequences of the Bufo species’ venom, including neurological manifestations and cardiac arrhythmias, and the therapeutic use of Bufo Rana in mental and neurological conditions are discussed. We summarize Bufo Rana’s symptoms and therapeutic relationships based on William Boericke’s materia medica. Further research is warranted to investigate the efficacy and safety of Bufo Rana and its role in treating specific conditions.
</abstract>

Bufo Rana in Homeopathy: Potentization, Toxicology, Clinical Consequences, and Therapeutic Use

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Our study was conducted by the evaluation of angioCT’s performed on a GE LightSpeed VCT64 Slice CT Scanner. The measurements were performed on the aortic arch at the following levels: at the origin of the aorta, the middle part of the ascending aorta, prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk and after the origin of the left subclavian artery. We measured the caliber of the aortic arch arteries and the data are correlated and reported by gender. The diameter of the ascending aorta was between 27 to 28.9 mm in females and in males from 25.8 to 37.6 mm. The diameter of the aorta within the middle segment of the ascending part was between 28-30.2 mm in females and in males from 26.1 to 34.6. The diameter of the aortic arch prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk was between 26.4 to 29.4 mm in females and in males from 25.8 to 37.5 mm. The diameter of the aortic arch after the origin of the left subclavian artery was in a range of 20.4 to 28.4 mm, which corresponds to the limits found in males while in females the aortic diameter was between 21.3 to 24.1 mm. The brachiocephalic trunk diameters were 8.3 to 15.5 mm in females and in males was 9.1 to 14.5 mm. The right common carotid artery had a diameter of 4-8 mm diameter in males and in females ranged from 4.7 to 5.5 mm. The right subclavian artery showed a caliber of 5.7 to 7.5 mm in females and in males from 5.9 to 10.1. The left common carotid artery diameter was 4.6 to 5.7 mm in females and males the diameter was between 5.2 to 7.4 mm. The left subclavian artery had a diameter of 6-10 mm in females and in males ranged from 7.7 to 12.8 mm. We found that the distance between the ascending part of the aorta and the descending segment ranged from 33.3 to 38.5 mm in females and in males from 40 to 68.6 mm. We measured the distance that exists at the crossing of the aortic arch with the left branch of the pulmonary trunk, finding that in females this distance is 3 to 10.3 mm and in males from 3 to 12.5 mm. </abstract>

Morphometry of the aortic arch and its branches

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The nuchal translucency is defined as a transient subcutaneous collection of fluid behind the fetal neck seen on ultrasonography at 11-14 weeks of gestation. In this current overview it was observed the relationship between increased nuchal translucency (NT) and fetal heart structure and function in chromosomally normal fetuses. Fetuses with an increases NT have an increased risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) and the combination between an increases NT, tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and an abnormal ductus venosus (DV) Doppler flow profile is a strong marker for CHD.</abstract>

The link between nuchal translucency and congenital heart disease

<abstract><title style='display:none'>ABSTRACT</title> Implementation of airbags systems in motor vehicles designed to transport of persons led in time to a significant decrease of the rate of death among passengers involved in car accidents. However airbag systems are not harmless, it produces lesions that vary in intensity depending on many factors. But decidedly, we can meet injuries associated with the triggering of the airbag system. Therefore, it must be made a clear difference between the two types of injuries, this being particularly important in terms of medico-legal especially regarding the mechanism of injury.</abstract>

University “Ovidius” Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Medico-Legal Discipline

Medico-Legal Discipline, Faculty of medicine, University “Ovidius” Constanţa, Romania Aleea Universitatii, Nr. 1, Campus B Constanţa, Romania

Injury caused by airbag VS. injuries associated with airbag deploys

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> MRI has become the method of choice for evaluating perianal fistulae due to its ability to display the anatomy of the sphincter muscles orthogonally, with good contrast resolution. In this article we give an outline of the classification of perianal fistulae and present a pictorial assay of sphincter anatomy and the MRI findings in perianal fistulae. This study is based on a retrospective analysis of 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of perianal fistula.</abstract>

Faculty of Medicine, University “Ovidius” of Constanta

Pozitron Medical Investigation, Bd. Ferdinand 108, bl. R4, sc. B, ap. 17 Constanta, Romania, phone: +40 723649000

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of perianal fistulas

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Our results were obtained on a total of 48 adult human skulls, assessing the morphological characteristics of the hard palate, measuring the palatine processes and analyzing the sutures (intermaxillary, interpalatine and maxillo-palatine); were determined the size, shape and features of the palatine foramens and incisive fossa. For the incisive fossa we describe three shapes: oval, round and rhombic. In 2 cases the incisive fossa was absent, being replaced by three round holes arranged in a triangle. The palatine process has a very irregular inferior face, being smoother only in its posterior quarter. Each palatine process of maxilla has a trapezoidal shape with the lesser base oriented anteriorly. The median palatine suture starts at the middle of the posterior circumference of the incisive fossa and ends, more often, on the line between second and third molars. The suture may be regular, located on the midline, so the two palatine processes of the maxilla are symmetrical and of equal size. The horizontal palatine lamina is thin, smooth and glossy, with very few vascular openings on its surface, mostly on its sides. The transverse palatine suture is most commonly curved posteriorly, with irregular contour and with an oblique posterior-lateral traject; it ends at the large palatine foramen. The large palatine foramens are voluminous, sometimes larger than the incisor one. The most common shape is oval and less frequently are rounded. The lesser palatine foramens are variable in number from 1 to 5; commonly are two on each side.</abstract>

Morphological peculiarities of the hard palate

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to be a global health catastrophe. This prospective study examines the subjective impact of the disease as experienced by patients using the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Methodology: The study involved 244 patients diagnosed with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis over a 10-year years. These patients were administered the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, which was evaluated in comparison between the two groups to determine the progressive impact of disease in patients with MDR-TB compared to patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB). Results: The analysis showed that patients with MDR-TB had statistically significantly higher symptomatic activity and impact scores compared to patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that patients diagnosed with MDR-TB at different stages of disease progression need urgent attention from healthcare providers.
</abstract>

The Long-Term Impact on Patients with MDR-TB Using the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Objectives: Cerebral toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection often seen in people living with HIV/AIDS. This research aims to determine how risk factors and associated diseases modify the evolution and prognosis of HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis. Methods: We conducted a case-control, observational, retrospective study. The research enrolled 94 patients with HIV-related cerebral toxoplasmosis at the Infectious Diseases Clinic, split into two sample groups. The first sample group included 51 patients who were initially discovered with cerebral toxoplasmosis and only afterward tested and confirmed HIV-positive. The second sample group of 43 patients were diagnosed as HIV-positive from the beginning and subsequently developed cerebral toxoplasmosis due to non-adherence to treatment. Results: The first sample group, discovered first with cerebral toxoplasmosis and only later diagnosed as HIV-positive, had a higher probability of death, mainly due to an advanced state of HIV disease. Therapy adherence in both sample groups played a key role in immune restoration status and long-term survival. Conclusions: Comparative analysis of the sample groups highlights the importance of early diagnosis of cerebral disease at the first neurological symptoms and signs. Early initiation of antiparasitic and antiretroviral therapy has proven to be decisive for favorable evolution and prognosis.
</abstract>

Considerations Over Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and Other Cerebral Disorders in HIV-Infected Patients

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This article aimed to quantify the characteristics of antiparasitic drug treatment coalescent to surgical treatment in hepatic hydatid cyst. The therapeutic management of hepatic hydatid disease is not yet standardized, hence the absence of the ideal technique with applicability in a specific situation and whose outcome is permanently the same.
Hydatid pathology is remarkably heteromorphic in terms of location in the human body but also in terms of the anatomopathological transformations it produces.
Hepatic hydatid cyst is a pathology far from being eradicated in developing countries, while in most developed countries, this disease is an exodus. Therefore, the discovery of the most suitable, effective and appropriate therapeutic means, which have rapid, effective and safe applicability, belongs to those who are still struggling with this pathology. Therefore the motivation and responsibility for finding the most effective, adapted and appropriate therapeutic means, which successfully pass the test of speed of cure, belongs to those who are still facing the liver disease.
</abstract>

Efficacy of Drug Treatment Coalescing Surgical Treatment in Hepatic Hydatid Pathology

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Objectives: This study analyzes the occurrence of epileptic seizures in HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis compared to those with multiple cerebral disorders, including cerebral toxoplasmosis.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study with 94 HIV-infected patients at Constanta Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital from 2003-2023. Patients were divided into two groups: 34 with cerebral toxoplasmosis and 60 with multiple cerebral disorders, including toxoplasmosis. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, and 3-hour EEGs were recorded for five patients to observe cerebral electrical activity.
Results: Generalized onset seizures occurred in 12.77% of patients. Of these, 18.33% were from the multiple disorders group (T+AC), and 2.94% were from the cerebral toxoplasmosis group. The risk of developing generalized seizures was significantly higher in the T+AC group (OR = 7.408).
Conclusions: Maintaining a good immune status in HIV-infected patients can prevent multiple cerebral disorders and associated epileptic seizures, reducing the risk of severe complications. Antiepileptic drugs with minimal interaction with HIV medications are recommended, and EEG is useful for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
</abstract>

Epileptic Seizures in People with HIV- Related Toxoplasmosis and Other Cerebral Disorders

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge worldwide and significantly affects patients’ quality of life. This comparative study examines the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress in patients with MDR-TB compared to patients with chemosensitive TB using the DAS-21R questionnaire. Methodology: The study included 244 patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB over a 10-year period. In these patients, the DAS-21R questionnaire was used and comparatively analyzed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in patients with MDR-TB compared to those with drug sensible TB (DS-TB). Results: The analysis revealed significantly higher rates of extreme anxiety (60%), major depression (19%) and severe stress (20%) in MDR-TB patients compared to patients with drug-sensitive TB. Conclusions: The results show that there is an urgent need for screening and management of depression and anxiety in the treatment of MDR-TB. Integration of psychosocial services into TB control programs can significantly reduce distress and improve treatment of this severe form of TB.
</abstract>

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: An Analysis With DAS-21R

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Welding processes generate significant occupational contaminants, including particulate matter, metal fumes, and gas by-products. Exposure to these fumes can lead to various health issues in welders. This article emphasizes the need for preventive measures to improve the health of welders and reduce the risks associated with welding.The study explores the impact of welding fumes on the respiratory system and occupational lung disease. It identifies the inhalation of welding fumes as a significant risk factor for lung disease, and the need for clear limitations on welding fume exposure. The research also highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying lung conditions caused by welding fumes. The study concludes by including 30 citations from several databases (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, MDPI and AcademiaEdu) to raise awareness and establish a scientific link between welding fumes and oral health and teeth structure. The inhalation of welding fumes can significantly impact the respiratory system, causing concerns about safety measures and guidelines for welding environments. Exposure to harmful substances like welding fumes can also affect the oral cavity, a part of both digestive and respiratory system, and therefore, the impact on teeth hard structures claims further scientific investigations.
</abstract>

Welding Fumes Versus Respiratory System – An Up-to-Date Overview of Welding Lung Diseases

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Our study on the anatomical variation of pneumatisation of the sphenoid sinuses was performed on 200 tomographical studies, evaluating the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinuses and the Onodi cells, the types of pneumatisation according with the types described by Hammer and Radberg, as well as the extensions of pneumatisation towards the anterior clinoid processes, pterygoid processes and sphenoidal wings; the frequency of intrasphenoidal protrusions and dehiscences of internal carotid artery, optic nerve, Vidian canal and foramen rotundum and the presence of primary and secondary septa attached to their canals.</abstract>

“Ovidius” University of Constanta, Faculty of Medicine

UMF „Carol Davila” Bucuresti, Faculty of Medicine

Anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus - a study of 200 cases -

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Primary health care (PHC) represents one of the most important parts of any health system, and consists of first-contact medical services (preventive, curative and rehabilitation) for the patients. Our study analyses the family physicians' opinions related to a series of measures that could improve Romania's healthcare system through an online survey.We identified three components, first one related to control over spendings, increase of medicine market efficiency and transparency in using public funds, second one related to standardization of care processes, accreditation, implementation of guidelines and control over utilization of specialty services and component number three related to type of insurance houses, with competition among them, better decentralization and integrated provision of medical services.The conclusions of the survey emphasize the fac that primary care health is affected by sub optimal financing, with a need of better support for its development through investments in health promotion, services integragion and human resources as means of increasing general health status of the population.</abstract>

Family Physicians' Opinion: A Survey on Possible Measures for Improving Healthcare in Romania

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The practical approach to effective prevention and diagnosis of congenital anomalies involving them early (prenatal or neonatal), correctly and completely. Both actions require but etiopathogenic knowledge, clinical skills and appropriate means of exploration. Epidemiological studies can contribute in a meaningful way to identify and assess risk factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of congenital anomalies. This research is part of a large study (retrospective and prospective), which aims to identify factors involved in congenital anomalies determinism towards a diagnostic algorithm for an early and optimal case management.</abstract>

Risk factors associated with congenital anomalies in children

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> A retrospective analysis of microbiology data from general infections was performed. From 105 isolates strains of Staphylococcus spp. 36 (34,28%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 33 (31,42%) Staphylococcus aureus, 21 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 15 (14,28%) were Staphylococcus hominis. Results: S. hominis isolates were predominantly resistant to betalactamins (93,33 %) and even Imidazole (60 %). 53,33 % of strains were resistent to aminosides and 33,33 % to Ciprofloxacin. All strains (100%) were sensitive to Vancomycin, but also all were susceptibile to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin. A high percentage of S. hominis were sensitive to Moxifloxacin, Linezolid (93,33 %), and to teicoplanin (86,67%). Discussion: S. hominis is a member of skin normal flora, but all strains of S. hominis were isolated from generalized infection with a high rate of mortality.</abstract>

Emergence of Staphylococcus hominis Strains in General Infections

<abstract><title style='display:none'>ABSTRACT</title> Ozone Therapy is thought to be a non-pharmacological therapy, which makes use of oxygen and ozone, It is based on the ozone characteristics, such as the antibacterial and antimycotic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, of systemic modulation of homeostasy and of the optimization of the way the organs and systems function, but also of tissue bionourishing. Some of the beneficial effects of the ozone are: the enhancement of the oxygen supply in the tissues affected by inflammation and pain, the increase of the blood stream and the removal of the metabolic waste in the joints affected, the obstruction of the substances which maintain the inflammation and pain, an immunomodulatory action upon the whole body, the stimulation of the health improving mechanisms in the body, a mio-relaxing action and thus, a better joint mobility and a better body system functioning</abstract>

Faculty of medicine, University “Ovidius” Constanţa

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, University “Ovidius” Constanţa, Romania Aleea Universitatii, Nr. 1, Campus B Constanţa, Romania

Balneary Sanatorium „Vraja Marii” Eforie South - Constanţa

The role of ozone therapy in maintaining the articular function and in relieving the pain for patients with knee osteoarthritis

Declaration of interest

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ARS Medica Tomitana

The Journal of "Ovidius" University of Constanta

 ARS Medica Tomitana, the official journal of Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania, has its early roots back in 1994; in 2004, the journal encountered a significant improvement...

 ARS Medica Tomitana, the official journal of Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania, has its early roots back in 1994; in 2004, the...

ARS Medica Tomitana

The Journal of "Ovidius" University of Constanta

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