<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The study uses a market-oriented approach to investigate the relationship between the financial system and SMEs access to finance in Nigeria between 1995 and 2019. Both indicators from the capital and money markets are used as independent variables while some macroeconomic variables such as inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate are also used. The study made use of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag to explore the long and short-run relationship and the result shows that the capital market has a more significant impact on SMEs access to finance than the money market. Variables such as inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate all have a significant influence on access to finance by the SMEs. it is recommended that the money market as an important aspect of the financial system in Nigeria should be made to devote more credit to the SMEs sector as it has shown from this study that the bulk of the credit going into the private sector from the money market might not go into the SMEs sector. The inflation rate should also be controlled as well as reducing the lending rate and guide against unreasonable currency devaluation to promote access to finance by the SMEs in Nigeria.
</abstract>

Financial System and SMEs Access to Finance: A Market-Oriented Approach

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Accelerating growth in business globalization places managers in an international environment with more ethical challenges.Ethical principles that govern businesses in a particular culture may not match with the conditions, norms and customs of other cultures.The article aims to examine comparatively the role of culture in explaining ethical issues and dilemmas in organizations.Treating the issue of business ethics in companies nowadays offer different perspectives depending on the influence of the cultural context of countries where these companies operate.Each cultural context shows its specificity, in addition to legal regulations, customs, habits or moral issues, which deserve to be highlighted in a paper on how to conduct business from an ethical perspective.</abstract>

Culture and business ethics – a comparative perspective

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This article aims to research the major changes in the Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting; to find out the new gaps in the current document; to group the changes into categories; to analyze the current difficulties and consequences of these changes for a consistent understanding between standard-setters and practitioners. The Onion research model based on the quantitative data collection with elements of descriptive analysis was considered as important contributions to the research methodology of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting investigation. As a result, a comparative analysis of the financial reporting concepts was made between July 1989, September 2010, and March 2018. The implications of results are two-fold. On the one hand, the revised Conceptual Framework is a more comprehensive set of concepts that enhance the understanding between practitioners and standard-setters. On the other hand, it consists of the new gaps most of them in the ―Updating” category. It is concluded that this innovation complicates the reporting process for practitioners because it requires using of additional judgments. Besides, the investigation shows some IFRS are not justified within only the Conceptual Framework that might be the subject for further research.
</abstract>

Grouping of Major Changes in Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting and Analysis of New Challenges

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The digital age or the 4.0 industry makes its presence felt in all areas of the economy, making serious contributions to its development. The automotive industry is in a phase of change, acting on all its sub-industries such as the automotive tyre industry. We are witnessing a process in which large companies no longer sell a simple car or basic tyres, but resort to new technologies and digitalization to sell complex services tailored to the needs of consumers. Terms such as connectivity, mobility, autonomy became the main pillars in the development of such solutions integrated in the current market. Based on a SWOT analysis and a focus group organized with specialists from the field, this article aims to highlight the tyre industry market, which are the latest trends in the technologies used for development of the tyre industry, which are the factors that contribute to its growth and which are the threats, the opportunities for the big competitors in the market: Bridgestone, Goodyear, Michelin and Pirelli.</abstract>

Current Trends and Perspectives in Tyre Industry

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article examines the impact of updated IFRS on the current convergence of national accounting and reporting rules in Japan, the USA, China, France, Germany, the UK, and Ukraine based on a theoretical analysis of 59 rules and concepts of IFRS. The new differences between the updated IFRS and GAAP of these countries based on the comparative analysis were revealed. The results of the study show currently Ukraine (51%) and the United Kingdom (47%) are the most convergent with IFRS, although their degree of convergence has decreased significantly after recent innovations in IFRS; a new question arises for the UK after Brexit regarding the further application of IFRS; countries with strong national accounting traditions continue to avoid rapid changes in their GAAP; 4) the increase in the convergence of GAAP Japan with IFRS will not be possible shortly. The conclusion states that the main obstacle in the convergent process GAAP and IFRS is that: 1) IFRS are changing based on GAAP USA, rather than vice versa; 2) IFRS do not belong to the “stable to change standards”, so users have a certain distrust of the declared high quality of IFRS. The study results add significant novelty to scientific and practical research on the impact of frequent changes in IFRS both locally and internationally.
</abstract>

Analysis of Impact of Changes in IFRSs on Convergence of Accounting Systems in World

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Celebrity endorsement is a common instrument in marketing. Celebrities are also present in commercials, and this phenomenon is nowadays a trend. This kind of publicity has a high potential since customers are pulled into the VIPs. They are overpowered by their regular daily existence, so they need standards and good examples. This is the motivation for using superstar brand envoys in advertisings as an excellent promoting technique of brands and products. In the period of data and promotions, the tributes can get the consumers’ consideration in publicizing and to expand how the promoted item is being perceived. This is because of their fame, glamour, elegance and charisma. For this reason, the marketers are looking for popular, famous, beautiful, positive testimonials to drive a company’s image and its products. The celebrity brand ambassadors thus play a significant role in a brand’s advertisement and reputation, but also in the consumers’ lives. The stars’ everyday lives, their conduct, the products they use, affect the attitude of the customers of life and the decision to purchase. The purpose of this paper is to determine if celebrity endorsement works for all the consumers or the perception of this trend is different according to the gender of the people. Two groups of customers were asked about celebrity endorsement whether their appearance in ads affects their decision and the desire to purchase a product or not. Recent results have shown that there are still differences between the two categories of customers, men and women, in the perception of celebrity endorsement. All of them think advertising is important, and sometimes they change their choices according to a product’s advertisement. The difference is that women appear to believe more in the endorsements of celebrity brands and their impact effect on the product being marketed than men, who are more pragmatic and reticent about this trend.</abstract>

Gender Influence on the Perception of Celebrity Endorsement

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The present research aims to analyze the effect of contextual factors affecting the application of artificial intelligence technology in employee recruitment in the furniture industry of Iran, which is a practical purpose and has been carried out in a descriptive-surveillance manner, to find out the reasons, facilitators and limitations of its use with the presented conceptual model. Make this technology understandable to organizations during employee recruitment. To measure and analyze the effect of these factors, a questionnaire was used as an information-gathering tool, which was given to 250 senior managers and middle managers of companies active in the furniture industry of Iran. The results of the analysis of the information obtained in two descriptive and inferential parts, according to the data analysis algorithm in the method of structural equations and Smart PLS software, confirmed the hypotheses of the research and showed that the effective background factors include: technological factors, organizational and environmental have a positive and significant effect on the use of Artificial intelligence in the furniture industry in Iran, and the use of artificial intelligence as a competitive advantage improves the organizational capabilities of recruitment and recruitment (based on data, process, staff) in the furniture industry. Forgives. Also, it makes it easier to carry out “blind” Recruitment of employees processes and review frequent applications, and by simplifying the application analysis process through applicant tracking systems, it can save time and money in human resources processes and reduce discrimination in choices.
</abstract>

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Employee Recruitment in the Furniture Industry of Iran According to the Role of Contextual Factors

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper analyzes the relationship between food and oil prices in Nigeria before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using monthly data from January 2018 to December 2021. The ARDL and NARDL models are applied to estimate the symmetry and asymmetric relationship that exists in food price behavior. The NARDL confirms the presence of asymmetries, and the bound test affirms the co-integration and long-run relationship among the variables. In the long run, there is a significant positive relation between oil price increases and food prices, but the long-run impact of oil price reductions on food prices is not significant. In the short run, only increases in oil prices exert a significant influence on food prices, while decreases in oil prices do not. Furthermore, the COVID-19 period exerts a positive and significant impact on food prices, while COVID-19 cases do not influence food prices in Nigeria.
</abstract>

Oil and Food Price Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: A Non-Linear ARDL Approach

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The relevance of the article is based on an in-depth study of the financial potential of insurers and its impact on the insurance market, which provides valuable information for the stakeholders of the insurance industry. Therefore, this study aims to determine approaches to revealing the essence of the financial capacity of insurers, based on the scientific tools of financial science. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of the dynamics of liabilities (raised and borrowed funds) and equity capital of insurers and the relationship between them, which enables a comprehensive look at the impact of these indicators on the development of insurance market and internal and external factors that have both an objective and subjective impact on the financial capacity of insurers and the insurance market. The article defines the stages and methodology of assessing the financial condition of insurers. In particular, the normative method, the comparative method, the static method, the formallogical method, the economic-mathematical method, the method of analysis and synthesis became the leading research methods. These assessment methods are crucial for the timely determination of the current state of financial capacity and its potential. Using a multivariate correlation-regression model, the authors demonstrate the importance of various components of financial capacity. The presented results will be useful to various stakeholders in the insurance industry as they provide a deeper understanding of their financial strength, including the dynamics of liabilities, equity and leveraged funds. First of all, it was established that financial resources are the basis of financial capacity. Secondly, the definition of the insurance company’s financial resources as a source and component of the company’s functioning is formulated. Thirdly, it is shown that the insurer’s financial capacity is logically dependent on its investment capacity, which is determined by the amount of financial resources. It was also determined that financial capacity is a dynamic quantity and is manifested only in the process of its use and ideally should be accompanied by its growth. Among them, it was proved that the main components that significantly affect the formation of the financial potential of insurers and the growth of the insurance market of Ukraine are insurance reserves and authorized capital. These conclusions can easily become the basis for the formation of further state insurance policy, which will be followed through legislative reforms, increased competition in the insurance market and will result in an increase in the level of trust among the population.
</abstract>

Financial Capacity of Insurance Companies as a Factor of Stable Development of the Ukrainian Insurance Market

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide support for the sustainability of livelihood and financial inclusion through social development. Micro-enterprises helps in empowering the communities especially marginalized section worldwide. The MFIs attempt to transform the lives of poor people, through different interventions. It revolved around the social development of marginalized people. In recent decades, microfinance played a vital role in alleviating poverty and involved empowering low-income earners socially and economically. The present study intended to highlight the role of MFIs located in Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) in enhancing the social and economic status of beneficiaries. This study also acknowledges the significance of MFIs in eradicating poverty, through financial services. In this research, questionnaire responses were gathered and analyzed from 150 beneficiaries of three MFIs (Credit Access Grameen, ESAF, and Fusion Micro-finance) in Jabalpur. The exploratory data analysis reveals diverse findings, regarding the impact of microfinance on the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries through improving their savings, supporting the employment generation, and as a whole improving life standards as well as eradicating poverty. Alternatively, MFI programs also assist beneficiaries in employment generation, to a certain extent. The conclusion of the research prioritizes that MFI programs ought to be accelerated more by the Government through different schemes and can be easily accessed to even remote areas for economic expansion and social development of low-privileged people.
</abstract>

An Empirical Assessment of Microfinance and its Associated Socio-Economic Development

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
It is commonly accepted that the success and expansion of insurance companies’ underwriting operations, which is indicated by the premiums received from insurance policies, is reflected in their profitability rates. During the period of 2010 to 2021, Iraqi insurance companies in the private sector that are listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange experienced a fluctuation in the increase and noticeable decrease of gross written premiums, which had a negative impact on their profitability ratios. The aim of this investigation is to analyze the underwriting activities carried out by all insurance companies that are publicly listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange spanning from 2010 to 2021, and assess the impact of these activities on the companies’ profitability rates. To evaluate the profitability of these firms, three indicators are used, namely the rate of return on assets, return on equity, and profit margin ratio. The study employs Data Panel models using Eviews 12 to identify the research samples during the study period. Additionally, the pooled regression model is used to compare the findings and test the hypotheses of the study. In a structured manner, data is collected from the annual reports released by the Iraq Stock Exchange. The statistical examination of the findings reveals that the gross written premium has a significant and positive influence on all of the profitability ratios that were evaluated in this study, namely the rate of return on assets, return on equity, and profit margin ratio.
</abstract>

Analysis of Underwriting Activity and its Impact on the Profitability Ratios of the Insurance Companies Listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Green This article is aimed at investigating the determinants of mortgage loan approval in developing countries, employing the binary probit model. Loan approval was made the response variable while deposit, amount to borrow, lending rate, gratuity, capacity to pay the loan and character of the borrowers stood as the explanatory variables. Cross-sectional data were collected from the four top banks in Nigeria. The result showed that all the variables had the correct signs but only the capacity to pay the loan has a significant impact in determining the success of mortgage loan approval. Collectively, all the variables have significant power to determine mortgage loan approval. It is therefore suggested that prospective borrowers should ensure that they have all it takes to refund the loan they wish to obtain from commercial banks.
</abstract>

Determinants of Mortgage Loan Approval in Banks in a Developing Country: Evidence From Nigeria

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This study was carried out to empirically investigate the relationships between corruption and shadow economy among the European Union countries, over the period 2005-2014. Moreover, since one would expect corruption and shadow economy to be more common in poorer countries, this study was therefore carried out to determine how corruption and shadow economy affect economic development. The empirical findings of this study confirm a high and positive relationship between corruption and shadow economy, therefore a higher level of corruption involves a higher level of shadow economy. Regarding the influence of corruption and shadow economy on economic growth, a high and negative relationship was found. This means that increasing corruption and shadow economy negatively affects economic growth.</abstract>

Corruption, Shadow Economy and Economic Growth: An Empirical Survey Across the European Union Countries

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Food waste is one of the main contributors to economic disparities, social inequalities and environmental pollution. Numerous studies have sought to understand the drivers of food waste at various stages in the food supply chain, including the consumption stage. Based on a quantitative analysis of 252 Romanian consumers, the present study shows that gender is an important factor that affects the individuals’ attitudes and behaviours in regard to food and a potential factor that could affect the amount of food wasted. The study found that attitudes towards food waste evolve as individuals age, and that, at each stage, women tend to be more concerned about the negative impact of food waste on social equity or the family budget than men. In addition, women were found to display behaviours in regard to food acquisition and preparation that can result in higher food waste in a larger degree than men, even though the study found no differences in the actual amount of food wasted by the two genders. The results of the study are important because they show the need to adapt the public awareness campaigns on food waste on the particularities of each gender across several age groups.</abstract>

The Impact of Gender on Food Waste at the Consumer Level

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The paper analyses the link between globalisation and economic growth in Romania for a time span of 24 years. Data from World Bank were used in an econometrical model in order to highlight the impact of globalisation, expressed by the KOF globalisation index and its components (economic, social and political globalisation indices) on economic growth rate. A statistical strong and positive link is found between GDP per capita dynamics and overall globalisation index as well as between GDP growth rate and economic and political globalisation, except the social dimension of globalisation which has a negative impact on economic growth in Romania for the time span 1990-2013.</abstract>

Impact of Globalisation On Economic Growth in Romania: An Empirical Analysis of Its Economic, Social and Political Dimensions

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Packaging has always served a practical function - to hold goods together and protect it when moving toward the customer through distribution channel. Today packaging is also a container for promoting the product and making it easier and safer to use. The sheer importance of packaging functions is still growing and consequently the interest of the company is to access to the packaging more innovative and creative. The paper deals with the innovative approaches to packaging resulting in the creation of packaging with interactive active features in the form of active and intelligent packaging. Using comparative analysis, we monitored the perception of the active packaging functions in comparison to intelligent packaging function among different age categories. We identified the age categories which are most interested in these functions.</abstract>

The Innovative Approaches to Packaging – Comparison Analysis of Intelligent and Active Packaging Perceptions in Slovakia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The present study aims to analyze the accounting professionals’ point of view as opposed to the students and master students’ one, regarding the creative accounting phenomenon existence and manifestation forms. In order to accomplish this objective, there has been used the poll/investigation, as a research method and the questionnaire, as a research instrument. Within the study, there is suggested the testing of more hypotheses that contribute to the clarifying of the aspects wished to be analyzed through the research. These hypotheses’ acceptance or rejection is based on the „chi-square“ (Karl Pearson) statistical test and rank ordering method. Trying to elaborate a global conclusion of the questionnaire, there could be noticed the fact that over 50% from the questioned accounting students are not tempted to use the creative accounting practices and techniques in order to optimize the taxation without breaking the actual law regulations. At the opposite side, more than a half from the questioned accounting professionals would use these practices without breaking the law regulations that lead to the taxation’s optimization. The creative accounting has a negative connotation if the accurate image of the financial position and of the performance is not targeted because it represents the essential factor for elaborating and grounding the accounting policies. However, the positive side of the creative accounting is not excluded, given that one appeals to the „fair“ professional judgment of the accounting professionals and to the good faith of managers. </abstract>

„Aurel Vlaicu“ University of Arad, Romania

„Vasile Goldis“ Western University of Arad, Romania

Empirical Study on the Creative Accounting Phenomenon

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The future of sustainable development is the bioeconomy with the ―global‖ solution; both global and local action for developed the renewable energy generation. When local solutions are implemented is being laid for global solutions are positive affect the national economy. The implementation of the bioeconomy strategy used by society to prevent urgent problems, such as increasing competition for natural resources, climate change, rural sustainable development. The bioeconomy is a new economic and social order and promotes systemic change from using non-renewable resources to renewables. Bioeconomy reveals that production, which involves the transformation of a limited stock of matter and energy, but respecting the same laws that govern entropy closed systems, the entropy or unavailable matter and energy in the forms tend to increase continuously. Economic growth not only increases the apparent output per unit of inputs, which is performed using finite stock of matter and energy in the world. The current economy is based on fossil fuels and other material inputs suffering entropic degradation, both in the raw material extraction and pollution. The production, even if technical progress leads to lower overall yields. The idea of a steady state as the final economic growth that perpetuated indefinitely pendulum model is an impossibility</abstract>

The Bioeconomy Model in Future Sustainable Development

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Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series

 The Journal Studia Universitatis "Vasile Goldiş" Arad. Economic Sciences, ISSN 1584 - 2339 has a long history in contributing to the research in Economics-related fields...

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 The Journal Studia Universitatis "Vasile Goldiş" Arad. Economic Sciences, ISSN 1584 - 2339 has a long history in contributing to...

Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series

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